Nutrient Cycling and a Stoichiometric Model in Epidavros, a Deep Basin in the Aegean Sea

Abstract. The nutrient cycling of Epidavros, a deep basin in the Saronikos Gulf, was studied in relation to various environmental factors during 1973–1976 at a station characterized by stagnant conditions. The regeneration of nutrients was related to the consumption of oxygen, and a seasonal nutrient cycle occurred with low nutrient concentrations in the spring and summer, followed by high nutrient levels in autumn and winter. In addition high values of nitrate and silicate were observed in the deeper waters, which tended to be anoxic, although the water masses were renewed during spring 1974. The distribution pattern of nutrients together with nutrient ratios were compared with previous studies of the same and neighbouring areas as well as of other isolated basins. A stoichiometric model indicates that plankton organisms in the Epidavros basin have approximate atomic ratios for C: N: P of 150: 14:1, while the ratio of change for nitrogen and phosphorus in the water is only 8.8:1 by atoms. This is probably because of the slow rate of regeneration of nitrogenous material and/or assimilation and regeneration in organic forms. The water/plankton relation in the Epidavros basin appears to be very similar to that in the Baltic Sea.     

高平4水平井组双保钻井液技术

高平4井组水平井主要用于开发安塞长10组油藏。针对该井组上部直罗组和富县组易坍塌、下部地层钻速相对较慢、地层易造浆的特点,研究应用了环保型聚硅酸盐-黄胞胶钻井液体系。该体系具有抑制性强、润滑和剪切稀释性好的特点,有利于安全快速钻井,对环境污染极小。通过小型配浆实验确定钻井液施工方案,中测后稀释钻井液,降低钻井液滤失量和密度,加强固相控制,使用保护油层的酸溶性暂堵剂和降滤失剂,可最大限度地保护油层。     

黄河流域硅酸盐风化的讨论

根据2007年6月和7月采集的黄河干流及部分支流水样和河床砂样品数据,对黄河流域硅酸盐化学风化进行了探讨。在充分评估黄河流域的K+,Na+来源的基础上,确定了硅酸盐风化的K+量,并通过选定的硅酸盐风化(K/Na)比值,得到了硅酸盐风化的Na+量;通过测定流域内不同岩石类型分布的河床砂样品,得到河床砂样品硅酸盐部分(Ca/Na)和(Mg/K)的比值,确定了钙镁硅酸盐风化的Ca2+,Mg2+量;并据此估算了流域硅酸盐化学风化的CO2消耗率。如果选用黄河入海多年径流量58.02×109km3/a进行计算,则得到全流域硅酸盐风化CO2消耗率约为26.22×103mol/km2/a。若选用2007年的平均径流量24.83×109km3/a进行计算,则黄河流域硅酸盐风化引起的CO2消耗率约为11.19×103mol/km2/a。     

Comparison of Two Sample Preparation Methods for X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry in the Determination of Ni and Cr

Pressed powder pellets and fused beads or glass disks are routinely used in X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry for the determination of major and trace elements, respectively, in geological materials. In order to evaluate the performance of these two sample preparation methods, we determined Ni and Cr concentrations of fourteen RMs from Japan, France and South Africa, and eighty‐five igneous and three sedimentary rock samples from Mexico in both powder pellets and glass beads. We also computed new values of statistical parameters for RMs from an outlier‐based multiple‐test method and compared them with the literature mean and confidence limit values. The results showed that the multiple‐test method provided more reliable central tendency and dispersion parameters for RMs than those obtained previously from the two or three standard deviation method, or from robust methods. The powder pellet and fused bead sample preparation methods provided consistent results for Ni and Cr at concentration levels > 50 μg g^?1 in this application; for lower concentration levels, however, these methods showed somewhat greater differences. For quantitative comparisons, both ordinary and weighted least‐squares linear regression models were used to show that the two sample preparation methods provided generally unbiased results.     

Geochemical processes controlling silica concentrations in groundwaters of the Salado River drainage basin, Argentina

Chemical analyses of dissolved silica in the shallow groundwater of the lower part of the Salado River drainage basin indicate that silica values averaged 60 ppm. The groundwaters are oversaturated in relation to quartz, Na-plagioclase, K-feldspar, and the weathering of quartz and aluminosilicates appear to have little control on silica concentrations in solution. Groundwater is undersaturated with respect to amorphous silica present in the loessic sediments, and these sediments are specially important in the control of the groundwater composition. The sources of amorphous silica are volcanic glass shards and biogenic silica derived from plant (silicophytoliths, diatom frustules) or animal remains (sponge spicules) also present in the Pampean loess. Silicophytoliths and diatoms have also been reported in A soil horizon samples. The dissolution of amorphous silica most likely controls the high dissolved silica concentrations in groundwater.     

我国发现的钇硅磷灰石

我国首次发现的钇硅磷灰石产于河南含稀有金属的花岗岩内,为磷灰石型结构的硅酸盐矿物。乳白、玫瑰、棕色,实测比重4.35,一轴负晶,ω=1.784,ε=1.991。探针分析计算化学式为:(Y_(3.17)Ca_(1.56)Dy_(0.22)…)[(Si_(0.92)P_(0.03))O_4]_3(OH,F),P6_3/m,α=9.426±0.008,c=6.806±0.007。还进行了X射线粉晶衍射分析和红外吸收光谱分析,最后对具磷灰石型结构矿物种间阳离子、阴离子、附加阴离子之间的置换方式进行了讨论。     

Utilization of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) slag in the production of a hydraulic cement binder

Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) slag is a major waste product generated during the steelmaking process. In India and in most industrial countries, the use of BOF slag as a road ballast and land filler has had a very long history. This being a low end use, a study was conducted to examine the possibility of converting the slag into a hydraulic binder. This paper describes the effect of cooling rate on mineralogy and cementing characteristics of normal BOF slag as well as iron oxide-devoid BOF slag. Specifically, the mineralogy and compressive strengths of heat-treated slags were compared with a conventional ordinary Portland cement. It was found that the slowly cooled slags did not show any cementing properties. The iron oxide-devoid slag, on slow cooling, disintegrated into fine powder. The water-cured cubic specimens of quenched slag products were tested for their compressive strengths. The cementing properties of the quenched slag products were improved by formation of hydraulic phases and showed considerable strength after 28 days of water curing.     

Iron Isotopic Compositions of Geological Reference Materials and Chondrites

High‐precision iron isotopic compositions for Fe‐bearing geological reference materials and chondrites with a wide range of matrices (e.g., silicates, oxides, organic‐bearing materials) are reported. This comprehensive data set should serve as a reference for iron isotopic studies across a range of geological and biological disciplines for both quality assurance and inter‐laboratory calibration. Where comparison is available, the iron isotopic compositions of most geological reference materials measured in this study were in agreement with previously published data within quoted uncertainties. Recommendations for the reporting of future iron isotopic data and associated uncertainties are also presented. Long‐term repeat analyses of all samples indicate that highly reproducible iron isotopic measurements are now obtainable (± 0.03‰ and ± 0.05‰ for δ⁵⁶Fe and δ⁵⁷Fe, respectively).     

硅酸盐岩石化学组成的ICPAES和ICPMS准确测定:酸溶与碱熔分解样品方法的对比

报道了采用酸溶和碱熔分解硅酸盐岩石样品,用ICP-AES和ICP-MS联合测定岩石的主元素和微量元素的分析方法,酸溶方法检出限低,能准确分析除SiO2以外的其他主元素和40余种微量元素;碱熔方法一次分解样品可以直接测定所有的主元素和30多种微量元素,但方法检出限增高,不能准确分析一些检出限高而含量低的元素,因此,根据不同的岩石类型,所需分析的元素种类以及研究目的,采用适当的样品分解方法,用ICP-AES和ICP-MS分析可以获得准确的主元素和微量元素数据。     

高稀释比熔融-X射线荧光光谱法分析硅酸盐岩石样品中18种组分

选取土壤、水系沉积物、岩石、超基性岩、黏土等标准物质,应用混合溶剂与样品质量比为14：1的高稀释比方法熔融制备测试样品,拟合校准曲线,建立X射线荧光光谱（XRF）同时测定硅酸盐岩石样品中18种组分（SiO2、Al2O3、TFe2O3、MgO、CaO、K2O、Na2O、TiO2、BaO、MnO、P2O5、Cr2O3、V2O5、Rb、Sr、Zr、Cu、Ni）的快速分析方法.应用帕纳科Eagon2全自动高频电感熔样机,称取7.0000 g（45Li2B4O7+10LiBO2+5LiF）混合溶剂与0.5000 g样品混合均匀,分别加入氧化剂饱和硝酸铵溶液2滴,脱模剂饱和溴化锂溶液4滴,于700℃先预氧化4 min,再1 120℃熔融9 min制备样片,自然冷却至室温.此熔样方法能保证样品中待测组分熔化完全,并制得表面光滑平整的样片.用国家标准物质验证,测试结果的准确度和精密度均符合《地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范》（DZ/T 0130-2006）要求.