基于RS对云南边境地区土地覆盖现状及变化研究

 土地利用/覆盖变化研究是全球变化研究的热点之一。应用遥感、GIS技术及数理统计学的方法，利用1976年MSS和2004年TM二个时期的遥感影像数据，对云南边境地区的土地覆盖动态变化进行监测研究，并对变化的时空特征进行了分析。结果表明，土地覆盖现状以森林和裸岩地为主，土地利用/覆盖变化的主要方向是林地向裸地和耕地转化。     

Quantification of LST and CO2 levels using Landsat-8 thermal bands on urban environment

Land surface temperature (LST) is an important aspect in global to regional change studies, for control of climate change and balancing of high temperature. Urbanization is one of the influencing factors increasing land surface and atmospheric temperature, by the emission of greenhouse gases (e.g. CO₂, NO and methane). In the present study, LST was derived from Landsat-8 of multitemporal data sets to analyse the spatial structure of the urban thermal environment in relation to the urban surface characteristics and land use–land cover (LULC). LST is influenced by the greenhouse gases i.e. CO₂ plays an important role in increasing the earth’s surface temperature. In order to provide the evidence of influence of CO₂ on LST, the relationship between LST, air temperature and CO₂ was analysed. Landsat-8 satellite has two thermal bands, 10 and 11. These bands were used to accurately to calculate the temperature over the study area. Results showed that the strength of correlation between ground monitoring data and satellite data was high. Based on correlation values of each month April (R² = 0.994), May (R² = 0.297) and June (R² = 0.934), observed results show that band 10 was significantly correlating with air temperature. Relationship between LST and CO₂ levels were obtained from linear regression analysis. band 11 was correlating significantly with CO₂ values in each of the months April (R² = 0.217), May (R² = 0.914) and June, (R² = 0.934), because band 11 is closer to the 15-micron band of CO₂. From the results, it was observed that band 10 can be used for calculating air temperature and band 11 can be used for estimation of greenhouse gases.     

多源高分辨率DOM批量快速制作方法研究

随着遥感数据在自然资源调查中的广泛应用,对多源高分辨率遥感影像“一张图”批量快速制作有了更高的需求。本文以广西壮族自治区北海市银海区作为试验区,利用Pixel Engine软件的“RS+GIS+Photoshop”算法,首先,针对多源高分辨率遥感卫星数据特点,制定相应的数据处理流程,自动化制作单景DOM;然后,以县级辖区为单位,批量快速制作县级辖区DOM;最后,从制作精度和速度两个方面,将该方法制作得到的DOM成果与人工处理成果进行对比,分析该方法的可行性,提出了一种快速、有效的多源高分辨率DOM制作方法。     

高分五号热红外传感器多通道SST反演

2018-05高分五号（GF-5）卫星发射升空,其上搭载的全谱段成像仪在热红外8—13 μm谱段范围内具有4个温度反演通道（B09,B10,B11,B12）,空间分辨率设计优于40 m,在国内民用传感器领域实现了由单通道向多通道、中空间分辨率向高空间分辨率的跨越式突破,使得GF-5卫星热红外数据在地表热环境遥感领域具有极其重要应用价值。本研究基于GF-5的4个热红外通道的通道响应函数,利用全球742条TIGR（Thermodynamic Initial Guess Retrieval）探空廓线数据,进行不同观测角度、水汽含量和海表发射率条件下的MODTRAN4.0（Moderate resolution atmospheric Transmittance and Radiance code4.0)辐射传输过程模拟,基于模拟结果分别对两通道、三通道和四通道劈窗算法海表温度SST（ Sea Surface Temperature）反演系数进行修订,并分析观测角度、水汽含量和海表发射率对不同通道组合的精度影响,并通过GF-5卫星实际反演的SST结果进行验证。GF-5全谱段成像仪SST反演两通道劈窗算法组合共有6种,即B09-B10、B09-B11、B09-B12、B10-B11、B10-B12、B11-B12;三通道劈窗算法组合共有4种,即B09-B10-B11、B09-B10-B12、B09-B11-B12、B10-B11-B12;四通道劈窗算法组合1种,即B09-B10-B11-B12。通过对不同通道组合形式研究发现,水汽含量对SST反演精度有较大的影响,且温度反演的精度随着水汽含量的增加而降低;其次是观测角度,SST反演精度随着观测天顶角的增大而降低;最后是发射率的影响,两通道、三通道和四通道劈窗算法SST反演精度随着发射率的变化总体在0.1 K以内变化。最后以大亚湾核电站周围海域为验证区,用GF-5热红外遥感影像进行SST的反演并做误差分析,结果表明B09-B10通道SST反演实际误差为0.57 K,反演精度较高,实际误差与理论模拟误差相差0.24 K,差异的来源主要包括辐射定标和传感器噪声等要素影响,其他通道形式反演精度有待于传感器响应稳定后进一步验证。     

双线偏振雷达测雨效果的对比分析

本文根据1993、1994年15次层状云和12次对流云降雨过程的地面降雨资料和C波段双线偏振雷达资料，对双线偏振雷达和普通雷达测量不同强度降雨的效果进行了评估和比较。结果表明，从相对误差来看，双线偏振雷达使普通雷达的小雨高估、大雨低估的测量误差趋势减弱，它对小到中雨的测量结果优于普通雷达。双线偏振雷达大雨高估的现象可能与强对流性降雨中冰相粒子的存在有关。     

Modelling soil erosion in tropical environments using remote sensing and geographical information systems

Abstract

Soil erosion probability maps were produced under various case scenarios by accounting for uncertainties in the data and in the decision rule, using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS). This objective was realized by applying the Bayesian Probability Theory within IDRISI, a raster based GIS. The outcomes were two continuous probability soil erosion maps ranging from zero to 1. Comparing these maps with an earlier study indicates that accounting for the uncertainties has, in general, decreased the probability of soil erosion. Based on average readings for specific sites on the maps, increases in erosion risk under the second case scenario have had the highest impact on the highlands that is in the central, eastern, and northern regions of Langkawi Island, Malaysia. Assuming a 10% risk, this impact has increased by 11.98, 11.83 and 5.741% for high, medium and low soil erosion risk areas on the island respectively.     

几种常见影像融合方法的比较

简述了多源遥感影像融合过程,并利用IKONOS-2的全色影像和多光谱影像,对常用的几种影像融合方法进行了试验与比较,同时对实验结果进行分析和讨论,结果表明小波变换融合算法总体优于其他几种融合方法。     

1974-2016年青海湖水面面积变化遥感监测

位于青藏高原东北部的青海湖是我国最大的咸水湖和内陆湖,也是青藏高原东北部的重要水汽源,青海湖面积的动态变化是气候和周围生态环境状况的重要体现.本研究利用长时间序列中分辨率遥感影像数据,通过人工提取湖岸水涯线信息对青海湖水面面积进行监测.结果显示：1974-2016年期间,青海湖面积总体上呈先减后增的变化趋势.2004年水面积最小,为4223.73 km²,比1974年减少253.80 km².其中1974-1987年期间面积骤减;2000 2009年期间青海湖水面面积变化幅度相对较小,平均变化幅度为6.85 km².2009-2016年7 a间,水面面积增加了128.27 km².2012年青海湖面积骤增,比2011年8月同期增加65.12 km²;同年6月和9月的面积变化为2002-2016年最大,达到59.18 km².湖东岸沙岛的湖岸线变化最为显著,1974-2004年岸线后退最大距离达4.59 km,2012年的年内最大变化距离为0.39 km.青海湖流域内降水补给增加,生态环境治理措施促使入湖河流径流量增大,是近年来湖水面积增加的主要原因.     

Assessing soil erosion in Mediterranean karst landscapes of Lebanon using remote sensing and GIS

Maps showing the potential for soil erosion at 1:100,000 scale are produced in a study area within Lebanon that can be used for evaluating erosion of Mediterranean karstic terrain with two different sets of impact factors built into an erosion model. The first set of factors is: soil erodibility, morphology, land cover/use and rainfall erosivity. The second is obtained by the first adding a fifth factor, rock infiltration. High infiltration can reflect high recharge, therefore decreasing the potential of surface runoff and hence the quantity of transported materials. Infiltration is derived as a function of lithology, lineament density, karstification and drainage density, all of which can be easily extracted from satellite imagery. The influence of these factors is assessed by a weight/rate approach sharing similarities between quantitative and qualitative methods and depending on pair-wise comparison matrix.The main outcome was the production of factorial maps and erosion susceptibility maps (scale 1:100,000). Spatial and attribute comparison of erosion maps indicates that the model that includes a measure of rock infiltration better represents erosion potential. Field investigation of rills and gullies shows 87.5% precision of the model with rock infiltration. This is 17.5% greater than the precision of the model without rock infiltration. These results indicate the necessity and importance of integrating information on infiltration of rock outcrops to assess soil erosion in Mediterranean karst landscapes.     

多时相遥感影像提取湖泊边界信息的融合算法

为了有效改善遥感影像提取湖泊边界信息的可靠性和精度,减少人为误差,提出了一种利用多时相遥感影像提取边界信息的加权平均融合算法以及误差的域法修正处理方法.结果表明,该方法能有效融合各时相影像信息,提高湖泊边界信息提取的可靠性,并且对融合时相变化较大的湖泊边界都有一定的普适性.通过融合算法提取的呼伦湖面积为1928.35km2,修正后的面积为1929.85km2.通过利用地统计学理论对算法的验证及误差分析,得出相对误差空间变异拟合模型的块金方差与基台值之比都小于25%,具有很强的空间相关性,修正后的数据空间相关性要优于融合数据,空间变程也得到了有效地降低,显示修正后的数据对半方差函数理论模型的拟合程度更好.