羊屎沟铁岭组大理岩鞘褶皱的变形特征分析

在羊屎沟铁岭组大理岩上发现鞘褶皱垂直于最大主应变轴X轴和垂直于中间应变主轴Y轴的切面,并对其变形特征及形成机制进行了考察和分析,认为,鞘褶皱所反映的韧性剪切作用方向大致为SSE方向150°～160°,且晚于铁岭组大理岩的形成时间。     

构造活动模式变化对b值影响的实验研究

借助新型声发射观测系统,对两种构造活动模式转变对b值的影响进行了初步实验研究. 第一个实验通过改变加载方向使构造活动模式从挤压型雁列变为拉张型雁列, 得出前一阶段b值比后一阶段要高; 第二个实验通过持续加载使拉张型雁列变为拐折断层, 与第一个实验类似, 前一阶段b值比后一阶段要高. 说明b值可能蕴含有构造活动模式的某些特征, 有可能成为分析区域构造活动模式的一种新手段.       

海底天然气水合物中甲烷逸出对全球气候的影响

全球气候变化会降低海底天然气水合物的稳定性导致水舍物失稳分解,反过来天然气水合物分解释放出的大量甲烷气,又会对全球气候变化产生巨大的影响,地质历史上许多重大地质事件(如LPTM事件)都可能与天然气水合物的分解释气作用有关．除了地质历史上强烈的甲烷突然释放事件,现代海底的渗漏或喷口也连续不断地向海水甚至大气输入甲烷,从而影响着全球气候变化．由于天然气水合物中甲烷逸出对全球气候影响的研究刚刚起步,还缺乏海洋沉积物和海水中甲烷传输的恰当模式,甲烷在海水中的溶解度、甲烷的氧化作用及上升流等因素对其的影响程度,以及它对大气甲炕和二氧化碳浓度变化的具体贡献等目前还很不清楚,亟需深化研究．     

利用卫星热红外观测地球排气现象的一次尝试

一些研究者认为地震前卫星热红外增温与地球排气有关。因此 ,能否在卫星影像上观测到排气现象就成了一个关键问题。作者选择了 2个确实发生排气现象的地点 ,一个在发生了高压高浓度井喷的重庆开县事故现场 ,另一个在昆仑山口西 8.1级地震后持续排气的震中附近。分析了排气发生前后的卫星热红外影像特征 ,获取了排气过程在热红外影像上的异常反映 ,进而对地球排气现象及其用卫星热红外监测的可行性进行了一些初步探讨。结果表明 ,井喷事故冒出的气体和气体点燃后产生的大火均在热红外影像上有明显的反映 ,可以用热红外遥感探测得到。而昆仑山口西 8.1级地震后沿断裂带的冒气现象在热红外影像上反映不太明显 ,靠目视解译很难发现与冒气有关的影像异常 ,但从亮温值的对比分析看 ,无论是震前的 1 999年还是震后的 2 0 0 3年 ,地面冒气地点的亮温值均较周围略偏高     

Tidal currents and wind waves controlling sediment distribution in a subtidal point bar of the Venice Lagoon (Italy)

The present study aims to improve current understanding of the sedimentation of subtidal point bars, analyzing interaction between tidal currents and waves in shaping a submerged meander bend of the microtidal Venice Lagoon (Italy), and it is based on coupling of sedimentological studies, geophysical analyses and numerical modelling. The Venice Lagoon is characterized by an average depth of about 1·5 m over subtidal platforms and a mean tidal range of about 1·0 m. The morphodynamic evolution of the lagoon is strongly affected by intense seasonal windstorms, which promote the formation of wind waves triggering sediment resuspension and bottom erosion. The study channel is 70 to 100 m wide, it has a radius of curvature of about 260 m and cuts through a permanently submerged subtidal platform. Water depth ranges from 1·0 to 5·0 m below mean sea level on the subtidal platform and channel thalweg, respectively. Different from classical architectural models, the study point‐bar beds do not show sigmoidal geometries, but consist of horizontally‐bedded deposits abruptly overlying clinostratified beds. Sedimentation in the study bar is hypothesized to stem from the interaction between the in‐channel secondary helical flow, as for most meander bends, and wave winnowing of the subaqueous overbank areas. Laterally accreting point‐bar deposits point out that the curvature‐induced helical flow redistributed sediment from the channel thalweg to the bar top and contributed to the development of the ‘classical’ fining‐upward grain size trend. The marked truncation surface, separating clinostratified bar deposits from overlying horizontally‐bedded platform sediments is interpreted here as due to bar top wave‐winnowing, which also possibly promoted bank collapses. In the proposed model, sediments remobilized from bar top and subaqueous overbank areas were transported into the channel, forming peculiar ‘apron‐like’ accumulations, where sand accumulated through avalanching processes and mud settled down from suspension.     

武汉市某垃圾填埋场重金属对环境污染的研究

分析研究了某老垃圾填埋场中重金属对环境的影响。填埋场西南边的池塘底泥中的重金属含量远远高于池塘水体中的重金属含量。其下伏土层中重金属影响的深度达到地面以下20～25m,在这个深度内,Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu、Ni均出现峰值;对比10a前的资料显示,以惰性著称的重金属在地下土层介质构成的复杂氧化还原环境里,表现出了一定的活动性和迁移性。在10a间,Pb和Cd在土层剖面中的迁移速率为1.5m/a(即4.8×10-6cm/s),在该垃圾填埋场的下伏土层中属于弱迁移性物质。     

三门峡水库影响渭河下游河道横向演变的研究

多沙河流修建水库影响库区河道演变,建库前后河道遵循不同的演变规律,兴建三门峡水库后的15年间赤水河河口至陈村河段发生了7次自然裁弯,三门峡水库改建后20年间却没有发生一次自然裁弯,这是一个非常有趣的现象。文中利用渭河下游河道的实测资料,对比兴建三门峡水库前后以及三门峡改建前后渭河下游河道的横向演变,得到如下几点认识:(1)侵蚀基准面的变化是引起渭河下游河道横向摆动的主要因素;(2)洪水比降变平,相应河道弯曲系数变大,河道由稳定型向摆动型发展;洪水比降变陡,相应河道弯曲系数变小,河道由摆动型向稳定型发展;(3)滩地的泥沙组成代表河岸的可动性。河岸可动性增大,河道由稳定型向摆动型发展,河岸可动性变小,河道由摆动型向稳定型发展;(4)河道断面形态的调整是对基准面变化和来水来沙变化的复杂响应过程;(5)来水来沙影响渭河下游河道横向演变。     

受红河断裂控制的晚第三纪走滑松弛盆地——以漠沙盆地为例

中新世以来,受青藏高原造山隆起产生的侧向推挤,滇西及邻区发生向南东的哪构造逸脱,红河断裂发生右行走滑运动,在漠沙、逸萨等断裂弯曲地段由于应力松弛发生下陷,形成小型走滑松弛盆地,其特征有别于拉分盆地.本文以漠沙盆地为例,通过砂岩薄片粒度分析及砂岩碎屑组分定量分析,综合野外及室内地质研究,对此类盆地的岩石学特征、沉积环境、物源和构造特征等进行了详细的研究,并对其形成机制进行了初步的探讨.     

A new conception on the formation of the first bend of Yangtze River: its relations with Eocene magmatic activities

Based on field observations, the author proposes a new understanding on the formation of the first bend of the Yangtze River. The relationship between the formation of the first bend of the Yangtze River and Eocene magmatic activity is expounded, suggesting that the first bend of the Yangtze River is the result from choking of the strong magmatic activity in Eocene. As a result, the upstream became a natural reservoir, whose riverside between Mt. Yulong and Mt. Haba was burst, guiding Jinshajiang River running eastward. At the same time, the drastic uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau led to the deep dissection of the river cut down the channel, resulting in the formation of the Tiger Leaping Gorge. The magnitude of uplift in the study area (located in the eastern of the Tibetan Plateau) is calculated. Taking Mt. Yulong as a base, the magnitude of lift is 3,300 m from Eocene to Pliocene, adding 700 m since Pleistocene, totaling up to 4,000 m or so.     

A new conception on the formation of the first bend of Yangtze River: its relations with Eocene magmatic activities

Based on field observations, the author proposes a new understanding on the formation of the first bend of the Yangtze River. The relationship between the formation of the first bend of the Yangtze River and Eocene magmatic activity is expounded, suggesting that the first bend of the Yangtze River is the result from choking of the strong magmatic activity in Eocene. As a result, the upstream became a natural reservoir, whose riverside between Mt. Yulong and Mt. Haba was burst, guiding Jinshajiang River running eastward. At the same time, the drastic uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau led to the deep dissection of the river cut down the channel, resulting in the formation of the Tiger Leaping Gorge. The magnitude of uplift in the study area (located in the eastern of the Tibetan Plateau) is calculated. Taking Mt. Yulong as a base, the magnitude of lift is 3,300 m from Eocene to Pliocene, adding 700 m since Pleistocene, totaling up to 4,000 m or so.