老挝爬奔金矿床红土型金矿化地质特征及成因分析

老挝爬奔金矿床存在两类金矿化,即产于二叠系灰岩及其接触带上,受断裂构造控制的碳酸盐化低温热液型原生金矿化和产于凹陷地形中,与原生金矿化伴生的红土型金矿化。两类矿化在空间上紧密相关,空间结构自上而下为红土型金矿化和碳酸盐化构造蚀变岩型金矿。矿区土壤地球化学Au异常区、红土型金矿以及原生型金矿体常具"三位一体"的对应关系。     

结构减震隔震设计最优化问题研究

针对结构抗震减震隔震设计结构动力学基本方程,进行了基本结构刚度、阻尼和质量三方面减震隔震设计问题特征分析,专门指出刚度和阻尼的减震隔震设计研究已经有规范规定,但对减轻结构质量的减震隔震设计仍是需要深入研究的创新问题。目前采用新材料进行设施农业结构减震隔震设计,特别是采用玄筋混凝土现代无金属结构进行结构抗震减震隔震设计,结构最优化设计的实现便有了新契机,且容易实现抗力均匀分布,将较为彻底地解决地震工程的最优结构抗震问题。     

菲律宾迪纳加特岛汇洋镍铬矿区铬铁矿成矿地质特征

菲律宾迪纳加特岛汇洋镍铬矿区发育板块碰撞成因的蛇绿岩,主要岩性为纯橄岩和方辉橄榄岩,与铬铁矿化关系密切,在纯橄岩和方辉橄榄岩的过渡带中铬铁矿化较为集中,铬铁矿多呈薄层块状或浸染状与围岩岩性条带呈"互层状"产出,块状、浸染状的铬铁矿重复出现;矿区内原生铬铁矿化非常普遍,虽然未构成原生铬铁矿体,但为次生红土型铬铁矿的成矿提供了丰富的物质来源。矿区内第四系中赋存有残坡积红土型铬铁砂矿,并与同类型镍矿共生;铁质红土层是最佳的含矿层位,松散状红土层次之;铬铁矿体呈层状、似层状,有3个铬铁砂矿化区,矿体厚度5~7m,铬铁矿品位w(Cr2O3)=2.0%~4.1%。     

Clay mineralogy and geochemistry and their palaeoclimatic interpretation of the Pleistocene deposits in the Xuancheng section,southern China

A red soil profile in Xuancheng, Anhui province, southern China, in the middle to lower reaches of the Yangtze River, was investigated using X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer, and scanning electron microscopy. The mobile components K₂O and Na₂O and trace elements Ba and Sr of the Xuancheng section exhibit a general trend of decrease downward along the red soil profile, together with an increase downward of chemical index of alteration (CIA) values, suggesting more intense depletion in the lower portion than in the upper portion. The major components SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃, as well as SiO₂/Al₂O₃, SiO₂/Fe₂O₃ and Al₂O₃/Fe₂O₃ ratios, show notable fluctuations along the soil profile, indicating intense climatic oscillations in the area during the Pleistocene age. The clay mineral assemblage of the Xuancheng section can be generally subdivided into three groups, suggesting a general trend of three stages of climate changes. The lower portion of ～10.4–6.3 m depth has a lower illite content and higher abundance of kaolinite and illite–smectite (I/S) clays, indicating that a warm and wet climate prevailed over the episode of ca. 600–350 ka BP. A decrease in abundance of kaolinite and I/S clays and increase in illite content at a depth of ～6.3–2.2 m probably indicate a transition stage of climate change from warm/humid to cool/dry in the period ca. 350–80 ka BP. The higher illite content and lower abundance of kaolinite and I/S clays in the upper portion of ～2.2–0 m depth suggest that a relatively cool and dry climate dominated since ca. 80 ka BP. Based on changes in clay mineralogy and chemical indices of the sediments, seven warm/cold fluctuations were determined in the area since the Middle Pleistocene. Climate changes documented in the Xuancheng section are in agreement with the δ¹⁸O records of sediments from the equatorial Pacific Core V28‐238 and the loess–palaeosol sequences in the Loess Plateau of northwestern China. Correlated to the episode of S4 and S5 soil units in the Loess Plateau, the period of ca. 600–350 ka BP in the Xuancheng area was dominated by the particularly strong East Asia summer monsoon, as indicated by its most abundant kaolinite and I/S clays. Fluctuations in clay mineralogy along the Xuancheng soil profile were mainly controlled by both the East Asia summer and winter monsoons in response to the global changes in the Middle–Late Pleistocene. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

排水措施对黄河堤防淤背体排水效果试验研究

选择水平盲沟、土工席垫及水平和竖向PVC渗管3种排水方案,在黄河山东东明某堤段淤背体冲填施工中进行排水效果试验。通过埋设在淤区内的地下水位观测点,得到淤区内地下水位与时间的变化规律。试验结果表明,采取一定的排水措施能加速淤区土体的固结,但排水效果与排水方案有关;土工席垫排水与水平盲沟排水效果相差不大,且排水效果与淤土厚度有关,3 m左右淤土厚度设置一层水平排水盲沟或土工席垫,其排水效果较好;淤土厚度增加,其排水效果变差;但两者均不能有效防止横向围堤坍塌。采用水平和竖向PVC渗管方案,其排水效果好,特别是设置了竖向PVC渗管,能有效防止横向围堤坍塌。试验成果为黄河放淤固堤工程加速淤背体排水固结设计及施工提供参考。     

加筋格宾新型组合支挡结构设计研究

依托湖南省湘潭至衡阳西线高速公路K 124＋300～K 124＋895段国内首座加筋格宾组合式挡土墙工程,介绍了以双绞合六边形金属网为筋材的2种新型加筋支挡结构：加筋格宾结构与绿色加筋格宾结构;以极限平衡理论为基础,吸收国外先进加筋土技术,提出了该组合结构的稳定性验算方法与公式;编制相关程序,深入研究了填料粘聚力、内摩擦角、网面拉力、地震力、填土重度、车辆荷载以及加筋间距等重要参数对安全系数的影响。研究表明,各设计参数对安全系数的影响程度不同。同时,也验证了该加筋格宾组合式挡土墙设计的科学性和合理性。研究成果可应用于具体支挡结构设计。     

Finite element reliability analysis of reinforced retaining walls

This paper presents the reliability analysis of reinforced retaining wall using finite element method. Response surface approach is used to approximate the performance function and a first-order reliability method (FORM) is used to evaluate the reliability index. In the analysis, displacement response of the reinforced retaining wall is considered as performance function and the corresponding reliability index is evaluated with the aid of a spreadsheet. Uncertainties associated with the soil and reinforcement properties are explicitly taken into account in the analysis. A parametric sensitivity analysis has been performed to bring out the effect of important uncertain parameters by evaluating the sensitivity of the reliability index with respect to each of the uncertain parameters. Results of the response surface method coupled with finite element analysis show the ease and successful implementation of the reliability analysis procedure for the reinforced retaining walls.     

循环荷载下加筋砾性土填料的动三轴试验分析

为探究循环动载作用下加筋砾性土填料的动力特性,在不同加筋层数和围压下对加筋砾性土进行了固结不排水动三轴试验,研究加筋层数和围压对加筋砾性土动力特性的影响,并进一步分析了加筋砾性土轴向累积应变发展机制。研究表明:加筋层数增加时,轴向累积应变减小,回弹模量增大,且加筋作用的影响幅度逐渐衰减;增大围压时,土体轴向累积应变减小,回弹模量和动孔压均随之增大;随着加筋层数和振次的增加,滞回曲线逐渐向应力轴靠近,滞回圈面积逐渐减小,土体耗能作用减弱。基于安定理论和间接影响带理论,揭示了加筋作用对轴向累积应变发展的影响机制。建立了能够反映加筋层数的加筋砾性土轴向累积应变预测模型,其条件参数a、b、g与加筋层数呈线性关系,可有效预测循环荷载下加筋砾性土路基沉降变形规律。     

进口红土镍矿主要成分研究

红土镍矿进口量巨大、成分十分复杂且差异性大。为了比较全面了解进口红土镍矿的主要成分,以日照港为主,连云港、天津港为辅,从2013年1月至12月,按进港量多少,每月抽取11~25个样本,共228个。通过常量元素的全面分析,检出率大于35%的元素19个,分别是：镍、铁、氧、硅、镁、铝、铬、锰、钴、锌、钙、氯、钠、钾、钛、硫、钒、铜、磷等;其中,前10种全部检出;而含量全部大于1%的元素只有氧和铁。     

Post‐repair effect of column jackets on aftershock fragilities of damaged RC bridges subjected to successive earthquakes

In light of recent earthquakes, structures damaged during an initial seismic event (mainshock) may be more vulnerable to severe damage and collapse during a subsequent event (aftershock). In this paper, a framework for the development of aftershock fragilities is presented; these aftershock fragilities define the likelihood that a bridge damaged during an initial event will exhibit a given damage state following one or more subsequent events. The framework is capable of (i) quantifying the cumulative damage of unrepaired bridges subjected to mainshock–aftershock sequences (effect of multiple earthquakes) and (ii) evaluating the effectiveness of column repair schemes such as steel and fiber‐reinforced‐polymer jackets (post‐repair effect of jackets). To achieve this aim, the numerical model of repaired columns is validated using existing experimental results. A non‐seismically designed bridge is chosen as a case study and is modeled for three numerical bridge models: a damaged (but unrepaired) bridge model, and two bridge models with columns repaired with steel and fiber‐reinforced polymer jackets. A series of back‐to‐back dynamic analyses under successive earthquakes are performed for each level of existing damage. Using simulated results, failure probabilities of components for multiple limit states are computed for each bridge model and then are used to evaluate the relative vulnerability of components associated with cumulative damage and column repair. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.