基于Chebyshev走时逼近的三维多次反射射线计算

在利用有限差分等基于网格的数值分析方法解地震波走时所满足的程函方程时,由于速度模型的网格化离散等原因,会使走时在各网格节点之间不具有计算射线路径所要求的光滑性,即走时在邻近网格节点之间不具有连续的一阶导数。因此,直接利用网格节点走时计算射线路径会使最终的射线路径不光滑。为解决这个问题,已有研究者提出了基于B样条插值的逆向梯度方案（法）。然而,在速度发生突变时,B样条逆向梯度法所计算出的射线路径会具有较大的误差。针对这个问题,首先采用适合于解最小零偏差逼近及最佳平方逼近问题的Chebyshev多项式取代B样条对来自于分区多级计算方案的网格节点走时进行最佳逼近,得到在最小平方意义下的最优走时公式;然后采用与B样条逆向梯度法类似的计算过程得到光滑的射线路径。数值实验表明,利用Chebyshev多项式逼近走时可以得到具有很高精度的多次反射射线路径,在多次波偏移成像研究中具有潜在的价值。     

A Matrix Approach Coupled with Monte Carlo Techniques for Solving the Net Radiative Balance of the Urban Block

A new method is developed for solving the shortwave and longwave net radiative balance of a three-dimensional urban structure, represented by parallelepiped blocks uniformly distributed in each direction. The method is based on a novel approach to determine the shape factors among surfaces, which are estimated by Monte Carlo techniques due to the complex geometry associated with the three-dimensional urban structure. Then, a set of linear equations is solved to quantify the radiative balance, in order to obtain their exact solution, considering all the inter-reflections among surfaces. The comparison between the new and the ray-tracing tracking methods resulted in a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.996. However, by integrating the linear equations’ exact solution with Monte Carlo techniques, the new method reduces by a factor of 36 the central processing unit (CPU) time used to perform the calculations of the ray-tracing tracking method. The use of the model for a sensitivity study allows us to verify the effective absorptance and emittance increases with the canyon aspect ratio of the urban layout. An urban structure formed by square cross-sectional blocks absorbs more solar radiation than an urban structure formed by rectangular cross-sectional blocks. The approximation of a specific geometry for an equivalent bi-dimensional infinite street can be applied for rectangular cross-sectional blocks, where the width is 11 times or more greater than the depth dimension.     

河南南襄盆地泌阳凹陷东南部古近系核桃园组物源分析*

在层序地层格架的基础上,结合区域地质概况和前人研究成果,充分运用重矿物的组合特征、岩心观察描述的岩性序列特征、岩性及电性的横向变化特征、地震反射特征,结合砂岩厚度、砂地比的平面展布规律,对南襄盆地泌阳凹陷东南部古近系渐新统核桃园组的物源方向进行了研究。结果表明,泌阳凹陷东南部主要发育5个物源,其中主要物源有1个,为泌150—泌285井区的平氏物源,该物源对研究目的层各个层序的西南部沉积砂体均有控制;次要物源有4个,即泌102—泌239井区的杨桥物源、正南方向的泌151—泌251井区的魏庄物源、东南方向泌129井区的栗园物源、以及东北方向的泌319井区的栗园东北物源,这些次要物源仅对部分层序的沉积砂体有控制作用。     

东秦岭深地震剖面上莫霍基本特征的研究

东秦岭深地震剖面上反映的华北、秦岭和扬子莫霍地震波组的特征具有明显差异。对莫霍地震波组特征的研究,指出秦岭壳幔过渡带的不均匀程度和厚度大于华北和扬子壳幔过渡带。受地壳均衡作用的影响,已形成的秦岭壳幔过渡带起了通常所说的“山根”作用。     

Reflection of wide-angle acoustic waves from a high velocity interface

At angles other than normal incidence a pencil of plane acoustic waves, incident on a planar interface separating a low velocity medium from a high velocity medium, gives rise to a reflected pencil of waves which is laterally displaced from the illumination point of the incident pencil. The importance of this planar shift for understanding and interpreting wide-angle acoustic reflections is discussed, as is the variation of the equivalent depth below the interface at which a point-like reflection would be considered as an equivalent reflecting horizon.     

《数字测图原理与应用》精品课程建设的实践与思考

介绍《数字测图原理与应用》精品课程建设的目标,阐述了学院近几年来开展《数字测图原理与应用》精品课程建设的具体措施与实践成果,并就如何进一步加大精品课程建设,培养创新人才提出建议。     

Cordilleran front range structural features in northwest Montana interpreted from vintage seismic reflection data

Industry seismic reflection data spanning the Rocky Mountain Cordillera front ranges of northwest Montana were reprocessed and interpreted in this study. Five seismic profiles represent 160 km of deep reflection data collected in 1983 that span the eastern Purcell anticlinorium, Rocky Mountain Trench (RMT), Rocky Mountain Basal Décollement (RMBD), and Lewis thrust. The data were reprocessed using modern techniques including refraction statics, pre-stack time migration (PSTM), and pre- and post-stack depth migration. Results indicate the RMBD is 8–13 km below the Earth's surface and dip 3–10° west. Evidence for the autochthonous Mesoproterozoic Belt and basal Cambrian rocks beneath the RMBD is present in all of the profiles and appears to extend east of the RMT. The Lewis thrust was identified in the seismic profiles and appears to sole into the RMBD east of the RMT. The RMT fault system has a dip displacement of 3–4 km and forms a half graben filled with 1 km of unconsolidated Tertiary sedimentary deposits. The RMT and adjacent Flathead fault systems are interpreted to be structurally linked and may represent a synthetic, en echelon fault system.     

多向不规则波有效试验区的扩展法

实验室中一般采用分段式造波机来产生斜向或多向波，但其中存在几个问题，最主要的是有效试验区较小。扩大有效试验区的常用方法是采用边墙反射法。本文首先叙述了应用边墙反射产生斜向波和多向波的方法，通过物理模型试验对该方法进行了验证，试验结果表明采用边墙反射的确可以扩大有效试验区的范围。     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF LINED TUNNELS DUE TO INCIDENT SEISMIC WAVES

Formulae are developed to determine the three-dimensional response of twin lined tunnels buried in an infinite medium subjected to seismic loadings using the method of successive reflection. The convergence of the method has been demonstrated both analytically and numerically. The dynamic interaction of the twin tunnels subjected to seismic waves is investigated numerically. It is found that the three-dimensional response of twin tunnels may differ significantly from the two-dimensional response, and that through-soil interaction between the tunnels may also be significant.