Modelling the OH stretch envelope shape and temperature effects in infrared spectra of hydrous silica and silicate glasses

Simple model calculations show that the reversible temperature effects reported for broad OH-stretching bands in infrared spectra of silica, aluminosilicate, and similar glasses can be explained, in essentials, by homogeneous thermal broadening of the ν(OH) envelope constituents and a decrease in intensity with increasing temperature taking place uniformly across the band. This means that these effects are reasonably consistent with the temperature behaviour of narrow ν(OH) bands of crystalline OH-bearing minerals. These findings leave little room for the previously agreed interpretation in terms of a change in hydrogen-bonding strength, although the dependence of integrated intensity on temperature still remains to be understood. Received: 16 April 1999 / Accepted: 4 April 2000     

中分辨率成像光谱仪图像积雪反射特性的初步分析研究

通过对中分辨率成像光谱仪图像２６个连续波段的同点采样,获得从可见到红外光谱一个完整的积雪反射特性系列,在背景气候,气象数据信息的支持下,进行图像积雪反射特性与同类积雪实测反射特性的对比分析。结果表明：本研究所使用的中分辨率成像光谱仪图像积雪反射特性反映了积雪变化的过程,同时与地面光谱仪实测数据有一定的对应关系,同类积雪在可见光波谱区的光谱反射基本吻合,据此,反演积雪类型的图像分类是可行的。     

新疆天山地区 PP回归综合预报模型研究及预报效能评价

运用基于 PP回归理论的数值型地震综合预报软件系统, 对新疆天山地区进行了 PP回归建模研究。 通过回顾性 PP回归动态建模预测检验,对其预报效能进行了评价。 结果认为,该模型作为时序性数值预报模型具有较好的中短期预报效能。 尤其对地震样本量大、震级分布完备的地区,其预报效能更好。     

提取非金属管GPR图像的非线性技术

Non-linear Technique for Abstracting the Non-metallic Pipeline Image from GPR Section     

有限元金属矿地震波场模拟中三角网的自动剖分与模型编辑

区域的部分及单元参数的赋值对于有限元模拟技术是一项十分烦琐的工作,特别是对于模型非固定的情况,本文针对这一问题进行了研究,夺ＶＢ环境下,实现了分区三角网自动剖分及模型的编辑,为复杂金属矿地震模型的波场模拟提供了有效的工具。     

孙虎地区源岩成烃演化动态研究

在恢复埋藏史的基础上 ,通过建立成烃演化史模型 ,计算和编制了各时期有机质的成熟度图并分析其成烃演化史。结果表明 ,孙虎地区沙三段有机质从东营组沉积末期开始进入低成熟阶段 ,局部进入成熟阶段 ,目前成熟度仍较低 ;沙四段有机质从沙一段沉积末期开始进入成熟阶段 ,至东营组沉积末期基本成熟 ,局部达高峰阶段 ;孔店组有机质从沙三段沉积末期开始进入成熟阶段 ,至东营组沉积末期全部成熟 ,部分达凝析气阶段。     

青藏高原西部陆面过程特征的模拟分析

利用1998年5月1日至9月18日狮泉河自动气象站(AWS)的观测资料作为强迫场,运用改进的陆面过程模式CoLM(Common Land Model),对青藏高原西部的陆面特征进行了模拟研究.结果表明,该模式能够较好地模拟出高原地区的陆面特征.在高原西部地表能量平衡过程中,感热通量占主要地位,潜热通量较小,但在高原西部的湿季,潜热通量也是不可忽略的.在5月及6月初表层土壤频繁的发生水分相变,使土壤在相变过程中不断地吸收和释放潜热.降水及土壤表层频繁的冻结-消融使地表有效通量(感热+潜热)发生变化.有效辐射中的感热、潜热的分配,即Bowen会发生变化,进一步影响到对大气的加热及大气水汽输送情况,大气状况的改变又反过来影响地表蒸散及土壤持水能力,使土壤水分状态和含量发生变化.     

Sea Levels and Coastal Inundation Due to Tropical Cyclones in Indian Coastal Regions of Andhra and Orissa

Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding.     

Extreme Sea Levels Associated With Severe Tropical Cyclones Hitting Orissa Coast of India

Extreme sea levels associated with severe cyclonic storms are common occurrences along the east coast of India. The coastal districts of Orissa have experienced major surges in the past. The recent Paradip super cyclone is one of the most severe cyclones, causing extensive damage to property and loss of lives. Extreme sea levels are major causes for coastal flooding in this region. Damages can be minimized if the extreme sea levels are forecast well in advance. In the present study, we develop a location specific, fine resolution model for the Orissa coast on the lines similar to that of IIT-D storm surge model (Dube et al. 1994). The model runs on a personal computer. The bathymetry for the model is extracted from very fine resolution naval hydrographic charts for the region extending from the south of Orissa to south of West Bengal. A simple drying scheme has also been included in the model in order to avoid the exposure of land near the coast due to strong negative sea surface elevations. An attempt was made in this study to simulate extreme sea levels along the Orissa coast using the data of past severe cyclones. The model results reported in the present study are in good agreement with available observations or estimates.