Modeling atmospheric chemistry and transport with dynamic adaptive resolution

We discuss an adaptive resolution system for modeling regional air pollution based on the chemical transport model STEM. The grid adaptivity is implemented using the generic adaptive mesh refinement tool Paramesh, which enables the grid management operations while harnessing the power of parallel computers. The computational algorithm is based on a decomposition of the domain, with the solution in different subdomains being computed with different spatial resolutions. Various refinement criteria that adaptively control the fine grid placement are analyzed to maximize the solution accuracy while maintaining an acceptable computational cost. Numerical experiments in a large-scale parallel setting (~0.5 billion variables) confirm that adaptive resolution, based on a well-chosen refinement criterion, leads to the decrease in spatial error with an acceptable increase in computational time. Fully dynamic grid adaptivity for air quality models is relatively new. We extend previous work on chemical and transport modeling by using dynamically adaptive grid resolution. Advantages and shortcomings of the present approach are also discussed.     

关于算术-幂平均不等式的加细

证明了算术平均值与幂平均值之间可以插入无限多个广义积分的值,从而加细了算术－幂平均不等式。     

DEM精细化处理方法及工艺流程研究

随着社会和经济的快速发展,地理信息产业显现了巨大的发展潜力和无限广阔的前景。DEM作为地信产业非常重要的基础数据,不仅可用于制作数字正射影像、数字三维模型等衍生数据产品,还可以满足不同行业终端用户的应用需求。笔者在DtmExpert软件的基础上,通过对DEM精细化处理方法及工艺流程的深入研究,对传统方法进行了大量改进并应用于地理国情普查等实际生产项目中,取得了良好的效果。采用新的方法及工艺流程后,不仅提升了DEM成果的精细化程度,而且使处理效率提高了5~10倍,形成了具有一定推广价值的研究成果,产生了不错的社会效益和经济效益。     

钨铅矿在我国的发现及其晶体结构的精细修正

湖南瑶岗仙钨铝矿发现于1948年,但一直未作正式报道。最近笔者用里特弗尔德法对其进行了晶体结构的修正。瑶岗仙钨铅矿的a=b=0.544503(3)nm;c=1.20495(1)nm;α=β=γ=90°。经笔者对瑶岗仙钨铅矿晶体结构修正得到的氧原子坐标为:X=0.2637,Y=0.1137,Z=0.0706;W-O的键长为0.17826nm,O-W-O键角为123°和103°。     

无人机倾斜影像三维建模中的模型精细化

无人机倾斜影像制作三维模型,速度快、成本低,成为城市三维建模的首选。而无人机倾斜影像三维建模中,数据冗余、模型变形、影像缺失等多种问题常常会影响建模效果。本文针对无人机倾斜影像三维建模中的问题,提出了一系列相应的模型精细化处理技术,使三维模型更加形象、逼真。     

Coupled computations for an elastic‐perfectly plastic soil using adaptive mesh refinement

An adaptive mesh refinement algorithm has been developed for non‐linear computations in geomechanics, based on a smoothed stress–strain finite element formulation. This uses estimates of error in the incremental shear strain invariant to guide the regeneration of unstructured meshes at regular intervals during loading. Following each mesh‐update, no re‐analysis of previous increments with the new mesh is necessary. Algorithm performance has been investigated by analysing a passive earth pressure problem using a linear elastic‐perfectly plastic Mohr–Coulomb soil model. Perfectly drained behaviour has been considered, as have partially drained situations using hydromechanical coupling, while undrained behaviour has been approximated using time steps close to zero. In all cases, mesh adaptivity has been successful in capturing regions of high strain gradient. The results have been compared with analytical solutions. Accurate computations of limit load and shear band orientation have been obtained for a wide range of material dilation angles. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于非结构化风格的三维大地电磁矢量有限无模拟

Three-dimensional forward modeling magnetotellurics （MT） problems. We present a is a challenge for geometrically complex new edge-based finite-element algorithm using an unstructured mesh for accurately and efficiently simulating 3D MT responses. The electric field curl-curl equation in the frequency domain was used to deduce the H （curl） variation weak form of the MT forward problem, the Galerkin rule was used to derive a linear finite-element equation on the linear-edge tetrahedroid space, and, finally, a BI-CGSTAB solver was used to estimate the unknown electric fields. A local mesh refinement technique in the neighbor of the measuring MT stations was used to greatly improve the accuracies of the numerical solutions. Four synthetic models validated the powerful performance of our algorithms. We believe that our method will effectively contribute to processing more complex MT studies.     

DMSP/OLS夜光数据的珠三角碳排放时空差异性分析

碳排放时空分布及其异质性是生态环境保护和气候变化监测研究的重要课题。本文针对珠三角城市群碳排放空间分布的精细分析,基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像与土地利用数据,研究了2000年—2013年珠三角城市群碳排放时空差异性,揭示了不同地市不同用地类型的碳排放时空分布特征、碳排放增长趋势和强度趋势。结果表明：（1） 2000年—2013年珠三角城市群碳排放总量一直处于增长阶段,但受2008年金融危机影响由高速增长转为缓慢增长阶段;（2）人均碳排放强度在2008年金融危机后增长速度减缓;（3）单位GDP碳排放强度在经历了2005年—2008年小幅增长阶段之后,整体呈现降低趋势;（4）地均碳排放强度方面,工矿用地的地均碳排放强度由2008年金融危机前的增长阶段过渡到危机后的降低阶段,而城镇用地的地均碳排放强度一直处于持续增长阶段。研究发现,珠三角城市群碳排放在2008年金融危机前后具有明显的时空差异性,城镇用地碳排放持续增长将成为碳减排的关键问题,本研究可为碳排放估算预测、节能减排及生态环境保护提供科学参考。     

自适应网格加密求解洞室围岩塑性区

在弹塑性交界面上存在应力跳跃。 将应力跳跃值作为加密网格的准则, 不仅可使应力计算精度大幅度提高, 而且可求出塑性区的形状。 针对塑性区求解这一具体问题, 提出了一种修正的网格加密准则。 通过改变影响围岩塑性区的几个主要影响因素, 进行了大量的数值计算, 结果表明所提出的修正加密准则能正确地求出围岩塑性区的形状和大小。     

边坡稳定分析的自适应性局部网格加密解法

常规的有限元强度折减法在确定边坡塑性区时,不能直观地反映出塑性区的形状和滑裂面位置,计算结果精度低。在塑性区范围内进行网格局部加密,不仅使安全系数的计算精度大幅度提高,而且可求出滑裂面的形状和位置。针对求解塑性区搜索滑裂面这一具体问题,提出塑性应变界限值网格加密准则,采用自适应性网格局部加密技术求解边坡的滑裂面和稳定安全系数。数值计算结果表明,所提出的加密准则能正确地确定滑裂面的形状和位置,计算所得稳定安全系数和理论稳定安全系数仅相差0.2 %。