台风成因与地壳运动关系初探

本文从台风和世界上大多数热带气旋的密集生成区与板块相互作用的地壳剧烈活动区相吻合这一现象出发,认为当今台风成因的研究之所以遇到困难的原因之一,就是忽略了剧烈的地壳运动所产生的热流通过海洋这一特殊水解质对其上方大气所产生的影响。     

Conservation laws of wave action and potential enstrophy for rossby waves in a stratified atmosphere

The purpose of this article is to discuss the evolution of wave energy, enstrophy and action for atmospheric Rossby waves in a variable mean flow. The presentation is theoretical, but does not represent original research; rather, it is pedagogic in nature. The work of a number of people has been drawn together into a unified account, with much of the algebra implicit in previous work made explicit here. The central results are that wave energy is conserved only when there are no spatial variations in the mean flow, and wave action is conserved even in the presence of such variations as long as they are not in the longitudinal direction. Finally, wave enstrophy is conserved in the presence of arbitrary (slow) mean flow variations.     

Wind erosion of blanket peat during a short period of surface desiccation (North Pennines,Northern England)

Strong winds are a characteristic feature of UK upland areas. Despite this, understanding of aeolian processes in upland environments of the UK is limited. This paper presents direct measurements and observations of blanket peat erosion by wind action during a two week period of desiccation in the North Pennines, Northern England. A circular configuration of mass flux sediment samplers was used to collect peat eroded by wind action from 16 cardinal compass directions. Meteorological conditions (wind speed, wind direction, precipitation and temperature) were recorded by an automatic weather station set up adjacent to the site. Surface desiccation led to peat crust erosion and dust deflation. During short (≤1 hour) periods of precipitation, wind‐driven rainfall also caused erosion. Typically, dust flux rates were up to two orders of magnitude lower than recorded during periods of sustained wet weather. Measurements demonstrate the hitherto unreported rapid switch in process regime between wind‐driven rainfall and dry blow deflation in blanket peat environments. Dry blow processes of blanket peat erosion may become more important in UK upland areas if climate change promotes more frequent surface desiccation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国第三次"资源环境经济论坛"研讨会综述

中国第三次“资源环境经济论坛”研讨的问题包括排污权交易的市场化、新形势下的城乡关系、加入WTO和世界经济一体化进程中中国产业竞争力的培养、中国能源战略的选择、防灾减灾制度和大气环境的治理等。     

长螺旋钻孔泵压灌注CFG桩缩径与对策

CFG桩是水泥粉煤灰碎石桩的简称。长螺旋钻孔泵压灌注CFG桩在层状土层的软硬分界处及软土中出现缩径，通过降低提钻速率和设置降水井点，缩径问题有所缓解，采取复打技术后彻底解决了缩径问题。     

浅述次生孔隙的成因

生油岩生成的油气，必须运移到储集层中贮存起来，这样油气才可成藏，而岩层的孔隙度是其储集性好坏的重要标志，次生孔隙在此更是有极重要的意义(因为随着岩层的埋深，成岩作用不断在进行，原生孔隙将减少，次生孔隙将在储油方面扮演重要角色)，因此，笔者着重论述次生孔隙的成因及其相关问题。     

断层旋性与地震危险性

文中以“平行同旋走滑断层减震”的观点论证了兰州、北京、昆明这些位于强震活动区的大城市今后百年内不会发生 6 .5级以上地震。以“平行异旋走滑断层加震”的观点解释了西南棱形块体北边界和南边界在发生大震方面相互促进的现象。对于由构造分段求震级来说 ,在遇到不同的横交断层作为分段点时 ,还需考虑将来发震时始破裂点的位置以及发震断层的旋性 ,不然就会造成对震级估计不足 ,继而成为抗震建设的潜在不安全因素。在主震后为了预报余震的强度 ,可应用物理学中的科里奥利力理论 ,应用时必须知道断层类型和旋性。对于走滑断层来说 ,左旋余震弱 ,右旋余震强。例如 1997年藏北玛尼 7.5级地震 ,余震仅为 5 .3级 ,震级偏小 ,因主震为左旋的缘故 ;1976年唐山 7.8级地震 ,余震可达 7.1级 ,因主震是右旋。对于逆断层来说 ,上盘错动方向在当地子午面左侧者余震强度大 ,在右侧者余震强度弱。据此讨论了 1999年台湾南投 7.6级大震余震强度达 7.1级是因为主震为逆断层 ,上盘向西错动。     

岩石变形所反映的地震作用过程--第13届国际变形机理、流变学和构造学学术会议概述

简要介绍了第13届国际变形机理、流变学和构造学学术会议的概况和特点，综述了地震变形作用的研究现状。     

农业生态的化学元素分类及其与作物优质高产的关系

利用国家科学技术成果，并根据国内外研究现状，将103个化学元素分成对作物生长发育、增产起显著作用、起一定作用、起有害作用和起未知作用4个农业生态元素类型，进而论述了它们与作物优质高产的关系。     

数学插值方法在水文地质学中的应用探讨

论述了水文地质工作者正在应用的几种数学插值方法的特点,针对不足之处,提出了改进方案。