Study on Treating Halobios Pollution by Hydroxyl Radical

Human beings are facing a serious environmental crisis which is even threatening their existence. Therefore, many scholars propose the concept of advanced oxidation method (technology or process, abbr. AOP or AOT). The advanced oxidation method includes the process of producing hydroxyl radicals (OH·) and a series of chain reactions excited by OH·. The radicals can attack various kinds of pollutants and microorganisms in water and finally decompose them into CO2, H2O and inorganic salt…     

Magmatic processes forming replacement textures with fluorite alignments in feldspars in an evolved trachyte from Oki-Dogo Island,Sea of Japan

Internal microtextures of ternary alkali feldspars in sanidine trachyte from Oki-Dogo Island were examined using an electron microprobe analyzer, a scanning electron microscope, a transmission electron microscope and cathodoluminescence instruments, to develop the understanding of volcanic processes of alkaline magmas related to feldspar crystallization. The examined trachyte is an evolved rock of the Oki-Dogo Pliocene trachyte group. Its phenocryst feldspars are commonly associated with lamellar-wavy-domain textures with scales approximately from 100 nm up to several hundreds of μm that show complex and gradual variations in composition: however, anti-rapakivi zoning textures common in other Oki-Dogo alkaline rocks are almost completely absent in the trachyte. These textures are produced by extensive magmatic ion-exchange replacement reactions progressively advanced in the evolved magma. Characteristic braided fluorite alignments are developed consistently with lamellar-wavy-domain textures in phenocryst feldspars, and similar braided alignments are also present in groundmass feldspars with complicated microtextures. Most of fluorite grains are <100 nm in diameter, and the patterns of braided fluorite alignments vary greatly in individual feldspars. The whole occurrence of the feldspar microtextures represents an extreme example of diffusion-controlled replacement reactions, progressively advanced in the dry (relatively anhydrous) trachyte magma. The genetic processes forming fluorite alignments in feldspars are related to magma compositions, especially F and P contents, and the crystallization of F-bearing minerals, especially of fluorapatite.     

四川盆地红层区地下水主要赋存特征及影响因素--以南充市为例

以南充为代表的川东北丘陵红层区特殊的地质地貌和气候特点,导致该地区地下水的发育、赋存具有一定的特殊性。地下水赋存以裂隙性为主,决定红层富水性的重要因素是含水层的自身条件,水文网的发育、展布及气象等因素也对地下水的形成、分布与储存、富集具有一定的影响。     

红层地区城市地下空间膏盐富集层探测新方法——以成都市国际生物城为例

含膏盐岩体是红层地区城市地下空间利用过程中常见的不良地质体。提前获知基岩内膏盐富集地层的埋深及空间展布规律,对城市地下空间资源的开发利用以及地基承载力、持力层、基础选型等参数的确定具有重要的参考意义。本文以成都市天府新区国际生物城为研究区,选择了一种快速、无损、抗干扰能力强的全新瞬变电磁法——等值反磁通瞬变电磁法（OCTEM）,对白垩系灌口组红层内膏盐富集层进行探测研究。首先根据研究区内不同地层的电阻率特征,建立了三层、四层、五层3种地电模型,分别进行OCTEM正演响应分析,结果表明该方法能够有效地识别出与围岩电阻率差异明显的膏盐富集层;然后对2 km²的试验区开展了网度为100 m×10 m的实测扫面工作,通过反演计算建立了研究区200 m以浅的三维电性结构,结合钻孔结果综合验证与分析,成功推断出膏盐富集层的空间展布形态,证明了该方法对红层地区城市地下空间膏盐富集层探测的有效性。     

基于三调成果的三条控制线用地现状及空间关系分析

严守三条控制线,是形成科学适度有序国土空间布局体系的必要条件;分析三条控制线内土地利用状况,是确保国土规划能落实、三条控制线不可逾越的重要前提。本文以湖南省一定区域为例,基于第三次国土调查成果,分析三条控制线范围内土地利用现状及相互之间的空间关系。结果表明:该区域生态保护红线范围内土地以自然利用为主,耕地与建设用地占比仅有0.73%;该区域永久基本农田保护形势存在一定压力,耕地占比86.45%;该区域城镇开发边界范围内开发潜力充足,建设用地占比37.26%,可建设部分占比62.74%。总体来看,该区域三条控制线按各自功能分类管控,并行不悖。     

浙江上山遗址剖面记录中更新世以来的环境演变

At about 173 ka BP of the late period of mid-Pleistocene, the second terrace of the river had been formed as a result of uplift happening in Shangshan area because of the climate, sea level change and tectonic action. Between 173-75 ka BP, aeolian deposited on the terrace, a layer of reticulate red clayey soil about 80-100 cm thick deposited and developed under the warmer and higher temperature. In the last glacial period, the drop of the temperature and the decrease of the precipitation induced the dust-storms increased, A layer of Xiashu loess about 1.0-1.5 m thick accumulated on Shangshan terrace in the last glacial, which has the reticulate red clayey soil buried. At the beginning of the Holocene （11500 a BP-）, temperature went higher gradually and precipitation got more, the pre-persons moved on the Shangshan terrace （11,400-8600 a BP）, which is one of the most important archaeological sites, and can connect the paleolithic culture with Neolithic culture. It could be assumed from the results that the lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the home of rice cultivation, too. The lower place to the west of the Shangshan site experienced the two cycles process of the fluvial facies and the lacustrine facies, indicating that the water source of the pre-historical Shangshan is the river water or lake water. Two AMS 14C age proved the water source disappeared more than 1000 years ago.     

Use of Neural network to predict the peak ground accelerations and pseudo spectral accelerations for Mexican Inslab and Interplate Earthquakes

The use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is explored to predict peak ground accelerations (PGA) and pseudospectral acceleration (SA) for Mexican inslab and interplate earthquakes. A total of 277 and 418 seismic records with two horizontal components for inslab and interplate earthquakes, respectively, are used to train the ANN models by using an ANN with a feed-forward architecture with a back-propagation learning algorithm. Both ANN with single and two hidden layers are considered. For comparison purposes, the PGA and SA values predicted by the trained ANN models are compared with those estimated with attenuation relations or ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). The comparison indicates that the predicted PGA and SA values by the trained ANN models, in general, follow the trends predicted by the GMPEs. However, an extensive verification of the trained models must be conducted before they can be used for seismic hazard and risk analysis since, on occasion, the PGA and SA values predicted by the trained ANN models depart from the behaviour observed from the actual records.     

Small aliquot and single grain IRSL and post-IR IRSL dating of fluvial and alluvial sediments from the Pativilca valley,Peru

Infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) and post-IR IRSL are applied to small aliquots and single grains to determine the equivalent dose (D_e) of eleven alluvial and fluvial sediment samples collected in the Pativilca valley, Central Peru at ca. 10°S latitude. Small aliquot D_e distributions are rather symmetric and display over-dispersion values between 15 and 46%. Small aliquot g-values range between 4 and 8% per decade for the IRSL and 1 and 2% per decade for the post-IR IRSL signal. The single grain D_e distributions are highly over-dispersed with some of them skewed to higher doses, implying partial bleaching; this is especially true for the post-IR IRSL. Measurements of a modern analog reveal that residuals due to partial bleaching are present in both the IRSL as well as the post-IR IRSL signal. The g-values of individual grains exhibit a wide range with high individual uncertainties and might contribute significantly to the spread of the single grain D_e values, at least for the IRSL data. Electron Microprobe Analysis performed on single grains reveal that a varying K-content can be excluded as the origin of over-dispersion. Final ages for the different approaches are calculated using the Central Age Model and the Minimum Age Model (MAM). The samples are grouped into well-beached, potentially well-bleached and partially bleached according to the evaluation of the single grain distributions and the agreement of age estimates between methods. The application of the MAM to the single grain data resulted in consistent age estimates for both the fading corrected IRSL and the post-IR IRSL ages, and suggests that both approaches are suitable for dating these samples.     

Allelopathic growth inhibition of Heterosigma akashiwo by the three Ulva spcieces (Ulva Pertusa, Ulva Linza, Enteromorpha intestinalis) under laboratory conditions

Allelopathic effects of several concentrations of fresh tissue,dry powder and dry tissue of three bloom-forming green macroalgae Ulva pertusa,Ulva linza and Enteromopha intestinalis on the red tide microalga Heterosigma akashiwo were evaluated in microcosms systems.The effects of macroalgae culture medium filtrate were investigated on H.akashiwo using initial or semi-continuous filtrate addition.Preliminary studies on the algicidal effects of one aqueous and four organic solvent extracts from the macroalgae on the microalga were carried out to confirm the existence of allelochemicals in the tissue of these macroalgae.The dry powder of U.pertusa was extracted with methanol,and the methanol extracts were partitioned to petroleum ether phase,ethyl acetate phase,butanol phase and distilled phase by liquid-liquid fractionation.The bioassays of the activity of every fraction were carried out on H.akashiwo.The resultant microcosms assay showed that the growth of H.akashiwo was strongly inhibited by using fresh tissues,dry powder or dry tissue of these three macroalgae,while aqueous and methanol extracts of both macroalgae had strong inhibitory effects on the growth of H.akashiwo,and the EC 50 values for methanol extract of U.pertusa,U.linza or E.intestinalis were 0.016,0.028×10-12 or 0.033×10-12,respectively.While the other three organic solvent extracts（acetone,ether and chloroform） had no apparent effect on its growth,this suggests that the allelochemicals from these three macroalgae had relatively high polarities.The activity of petroleum ether phase,ethyl acetate phase,butanol phase and distilled phase of U.pertusa methanol extract was carried out on H.akashiwo indicating that petroleum ether phase and ethyl acetate phase had stronger algicidal effect on H.akashiwo.The inhibition effect of the ethyl acetate phase was not as strong as that of petroleum ether phase,and effective concentration of petroleum ether phase was 17 mg/L for H.akashiwo.However,no significant algicidal effects were observed on the butanol phase and distilled water phase.These three macroalgae＇s culture medium filtrate exhibited no apparent growth inhibitory effect on the microalga under initial filtrate addition whereas the growth of H.akashiwo was significantly inhibited under semi-continuous filtrate addition,which suggests that continuous release of small quantities of rapidly degradable allelochemicals from the fresh tissue of both macroalgae was effective in inhibiting the growth of H.akashiwo.