“Water Consumption” in the Diagenetic Stage and Its Petroleum Geological Significance

Inspired from the anomaly of low pressure in the middle and deep reservoir of the Paleogene in the Jiyang depression, this paper theoritically discusses＂waterconsumption＂of the principal mineral alteration during the diagenetic stage. The preliminary research result shows that ＂water consumption＂ of mineral alteration in the diagenetic stage can make formation water greatly decrease. Relevant formations will be in the stage of low pressure without supply of exterior liquid. Pressure differences between the relevant formations and wall rocks make hydrocarbons enter easily to form the effective reservoir.     

辽南地区晚第三纪红色风化壳及更新世高海面问题探讨

以辽南地区石槽剖面与城山头剖面的红色风化壳为研究对象,利用X射线荧光光谱仪,对风化壳剖面样品进行分析。结果表明：剖面中各采样点样品的主要化学元素含量自剖面底部到顶部无规律性变化,显示了主要化学元素在风化过程中的地球化学行为较为一致,符合风化壳沉积类型特征;剖面的主要化学成分为SiO₂、Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃,结合各采样点样品的主要化学元素含量及SiO₂/Al₂O₃及SiO₂/R₂O₃系数,可以认为这套红色风化壳应是在高温高湿的环境条件下风化作用的产物。通过与山东庙岛群岛风化壳的对比及风化壳厚度的计算,可以认为该套风化壳的形成时代应在上新世或更早。依据风化壳在滨海地区的残存高度可以推断,自第三纪晚期以来辽南地区最高海平面高度未超过今天的海平面高度。     

Land consolidation engineering and modern agriculture: A case study from soil particles to agricultural systems

Land consolidation engineering is one of the very important ways to improve the quality of farmland and the level of agricultural productivity. Studies of land consolidation and crop cultivation still mainly focus on single land functional optimization or crop breeding and yields. However, whether the improved crop varieties were sown on healthy and fertile soils is still a question. This paper introduces new ideas and engineering measures for sandy land rehabilitation and modern agricultural development in the Mu Us Sandy Land, Shaanxi Province, Western China. The important roles of particles and aggregates in soil reconstruction were confirmed following three innovative microscopic theories, including micro-structure, micro-morphology and micro-mechanism. New soil was constructed based on the physical complementarity of sandy, clay and loess particles in the Yulin area, northern Shaanxi Province. Field experiments were carried out to study the appropriate mixture ratio of different soils and their suitability for different crops. The improved crop varieties were sown on healthy and fertile soils, which were chosen by coupling according to its soil ecological suitability and crop physiological adaptability. The fertility improvement practices in the new constructed soils with different crops integrated water and fertilizer management measures, which were also provided in the experiment. Overall, an integrated land optimization configuration with improved and optimized crop variety selection was suggested for engineering sandy land-oriented consolidation from the soil particles to the agricultural system.     

Potential range expansion of the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) in China under climate change

The red imported fire ant (RIFA, Solenopsis invicta), a notorious invasive insect, has received considerable attention owing to its impacts on native biodiversity, agriculture, and human health. Under global warming, the inhabitable area of the RIFA may be enlarged. However, few studies have focused on the potential range expansion of the RIFA in East Asia. Using a process-based physiological model, we simulated the potential range of the RIFA in China based on gridded temperature datasets for the current (2004-2012) and future (2090-2100) climates under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5. It was found that the southeastern part of China (below 32°N) is suitable for RIFA proliferation. The present distribution area of the RIFA corresponds well with the potential range simulated by the model. In the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 warming scenarios, the inhabitable area of the RIFA along the northern boundary would on average extend 101.3±85.7 (mean±SD) and 701.2±156.9 km, respectively, by the end of the 21st century. Therefore, future climate change would significantly affect the inhabitable area of the RIFA. Our results provide the basis for local quarantine officials to curtail accidental introductions of this insect, especially in the certain and possible infestation zones.     

A concise analytical strategy applied to waste treatment technology

Studying the mechanisms at work in waste technologies, such as waste-immobilisation, reactive barriers for waste containment, waste–waste neutralisation, etc., requires an integral characterization of materials. Materials before and after processing should be characterised in terms of (a) proportions of phases (liquids and solids), (b) composition and homogeneity of phases, (c) grain-size distribution (ideally per phase), and (d) large-scale compositional gradients within the system. Novel techniques can be applied successfully such as Rietveld-analysis of powder-XRD patterns to determine the modal proportions of fine-grained solids and laser-ablation–ICP–MS to determine trace element distributions on a ≈10-μm scale. Mathematical mass-balance and diffusion models provide checks for consistency in the characterization of materials. A case study is presented on a geochemical engineering treatment of red mud, the waste product of bauxite processing.     

Paleoceanographic evolution and chronostratigraphy of the Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a (OAE1a) to oceanic red bed 1 (ORB1) in the Gorgo a Cerbara section (central Italy)

We performed a detailed study of the stratigraphic transition of Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a (OAE1a) to oceanic red bed 1 (ORB1) from the classic Gorgo a Cerbara section in the Umbria region of central Italy. We focused on a 25.5-m-thick stratigraphic succession, from which we analyzed 305 samples for total organic carbon (TOC), CaCO₃, magnetic susceptibility, diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry and the stable carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of both bulk samples and organic matter. In the Gorgo a Cerbara section, the Selli Level of OAE1a (∼1.81 m thick) consists of laminated to bioturbated dark gray to black mudstones and shales with medium to dark gray radiolarian-rich silty to sandy layers and a maximum TOC content of 20.22%. The carbon isotopic values show a negative excursion (C3 stage, ∼0.14 m) at the base of the Selli Level, followed by a stepwise positive excursion (C4–C6 stages, ∼1.67 m) in the upper part of the Selli Level. The transition from OAE1a to ORB1 (∼3.19 m thick) is characterized by bioturbated greenish gray cherty limestones and marly limestones with subordinate marls, corresponding to stable carbon isotopic C7 stage and lasts for ∼0.75 Ma. The ORB1 interval (∼13.15 m) consists of reddish marly claystones, dark-red marlstones, red marly limestones and red calcareous shales which indicate a highly oxic environment. Our results reveal a stepwise transition from a predominantly mesotrophic and dysoxic to anoxic environment at the time that the OAE1a black shales were deposited to an oligotrophic and oxic environment during the transitional interval and finally to highly oxic conditions during the ORB1 interval. The nannoconid crisis occurs at the top of the C2 stage, just 0.34 m below the negative excursion in δ¹³C isotopic values. The massive CaCO₃ dissolution phase occurs 0.25 m above the negative excursion; it persisted for 0.85 Ma and probably resulted from excess CO₂, ocean acidification, and carbonate compensation depth (CCD) shoaling. Deposition of massive black shales occurs at the base of the C6 stage and lasted for 0.4 Ma.     

赤潮水体红光波段反射光谱的模拟及形成机理

赤潮水体红光波段反射光谱中"荧光峰"的红移现象一直备受研究者的广泛关注。本文基于前向辐射传输模型,通过2011年7月9日在大连湾海域实测的赤潮水体吸收系数和后向散射系数模拟了弹性散射作用下的反射光谱,发现在未考虑叶绿素荧光的情况下,红光波段仍存在显著的反射峰,且随叶绿素浓度的增加,反射峰出现红移现象;加入叶绿素荧光后,模拟光谱红光波段反射峰的位置与高度出现不同程度的改变,与实测光谱的更接近;对比模拟光谱与实测光谱可确定,红光波段的反射峰由吸收、后向散射以及叶绿素荧光共同控制,而文献中通常提到的"荧光峰"红移实由浮游藻类红光波段的强吸收作用导致,与叶绿素荧光无关,因此反射峰红移的说法更为合理。     

地理国情普查在批而未用土地监测中的应用

主要介绍了基于地理国情普查和历史高分辨率遥感影像数据,对已批建设用地红线内批而未用土地进行监测的总体技术路线,并综合运用GIS空间叠置与转置分析法,研究地理国情普查试点区红线范围内地表覆盖变化特征。研究结果表明:土地供应数量呈下降趋势,城市外延扩张式土地利用模式已不可持续,内部潜力挖掘是今后的重点;试点区批而未建红线范围内主要地类为草地,开发潜力大。地理国情普查为已批建设用地监测提供了数据基础,本文设计的监测方法简便易行,结果可靠。     

基于生态红线的地类分类及其特征研究

通过对划分生态红线区地类以及对各地类的特征进行深入探索,试图从微观角度探讨生态红线本质的含义,为生态红线的具体划定提供具有实践意义的参考依据。本文依据全国第二次土地利用现状分类和区域地貌单元特征,提出了生态红线区地类,并将其具体划分为生态园地、林地、草地、水域和公共绿地五大地类。生态红线区地类的划分对今后生态红线的划定具有实践意义,可作为划定的参考依据。     

郯庐断裂带南段韧性剪切带糜棱岩化过程中长石成分和结构状态变化特征的研究

在对郯庐断裂带南段３条韧性剪切带中糜棱岩及围岩进行矿物组合、结构构造观察研究的基础上,对长石矿物进行了多项分析测试,发现长石成分及其结构状态参数的变化与构造应力场的构造作用存在明显的对应关系：随剪切变形作用的加强,长石矿物的结构状态参数呈增大趋势,矿物单位晶胞的体积和斜长石中Ｓｉ／Ａｌ比值随之减小;长石的变形指数（Ｉｓｓ）和斜长石中的钙长石分子（Ａｎ）与岩石的变形强度呈明显的正相关关系。这些研究结果为探讨构造变形场中矿物岩石的变形 变质作用提供了一种简捷有效的手段