鲁西峄山花岗岩中粗大钾长石斑晶成因探讨

在鲁西地区新太古代晚期(五台期)峄山花岗岩的黑石查和望子山花岗质岩体的岩石中,钾长石粗大斑晶内有自形程度较高的斜长石等矿物包裹体沿其环带定向排列。根据野外观察及岩石、矿物学特征测试分析,钾长石斑晶属于岩浆结晶形成的原生斑晶,受化学成分及侵位结晶过程中的物理化学条件影响,钾长石的生长速度大于其成核密度,因而形成粗大斑晶。估算岩浆温度>950℃,钾长石斑晶快速生长时岩浆温度为750℃,过冷度ΔT≈150℃,基质结晶时岩浆温度为600℃,ΔT≈300℃。     

Eclipse observations of coronal emission lines. I. [Fex] 6374Å profiles at the eclipse of 16 February 1980

Coronal spectra during the total solar eclipse of 1980 February 16, were obtained in the 6374Å [Fex] line using a multislit spectrograph. These spectra have a dispersion of 2.5 Å mm^-1. The observed line profiles from 1.1 to 1.7 R_⊙ with a spatial resolution of 10 × 22 arcsec², give half-widths that vary between 0.6 Å and 2.4Å. A large number of locations have half-widths around 1.3 Å corresponding to a temperature of 4.6 × 10⁶ K. If temperature of the order of 1.3 × 10⁶ K are typical of the regions that emit [Fex], then turbulent velocities of ~ 30 km s^-1 need to be invoked for the enhanced line broadening. The line-of-sight velocities measured range between +14 km s^-1 to -17 km s^-1. Most of the locations have velocities less than ±5 km s^-1. From these observations we conclude that corona does not show any localized differential mass motion and that it co-rotates with the photospheric layers deeper down.     

钼－氨三乙酸－溴邻苯三酚红－溴化十六烷基三甲基铵体系的显色反应及其应用

在ｐＨ２．５的氯乙酸缓冲介质中，有溴化十六烷基三甲基铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）存在下，Ｍｏ（Ⅵ）与氨三乙酸（ＮＴＡ）及溴邻苯三酚红（ＢＰＲ）形成胶束混配配合物，该配合物最大吸收波长在６００ｎｍ，摩尔吸光系数为７．２７×１０￣４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ￣（－１）·ｃｍ￣（－１），配合物组成为Ｍｏ（Ⅵ）：ＮＴＡ：ＢＰＲ：ＣＴＭＡＢ＝１：１：２：４。Ｍｏ（Ⅵ）量在０～１．０ｇ／ｍｌ范围内符合比尔定律。由于ＮＴＡ的存在，改善了方法的选择性，可直接分光光度测定矿石及钢中微量Ｍｏ。     

湘西铁路沿线红层边坡工程地质研究

地处湘西山区的湘黔、焦柳铁路沿线分布众多的红层边坡。因其工程地质条件的特殊性,边坡灾害时有发生,严重影响了列车的安全运行。文章首先对这一地区红层的工程地质特性进行研究,在此基础上,对边坡破坏形式、规律、机理等进行深入探讨。研究表明:分布在湘西铁路沿线的红层具有岩性多变、软硬互层、浸水崩解、遇水软化、结构面众多及泥化软弱夹层发育等工程特性;红层边坡变形破坏的主要形式有风化剥落、坡面变形、崩塌落石和顺层滑坡等。文章通过湘西湘黔、焦柳铁路沿线12处较大红层路堑滑坡的调查及综合分析,得出这一地区红层路堑滑坡形成的基本规律并根据滑坡体物质及滑动面特征对其进行了分类。分析了该地区红层滑坡的形成机理并提出红层边坡地质灾害的防治措施。     

Paleoecological analyses of lake sediments reveal prehistoric human impact on forests at Anthony Island UNESCO World Heritage Site, Queen Charlotte Islands (Haida Gwaii), Canada

Pollen and plant macrofossil analyses of lake sediments from Anthony Island in the southern Queen Charlotte Islands (Haida Gwaii), British Columbia, reveal 1800 yr of relatively stable temperate rainforest vegetation. Cupressaceae (cedar) pollen percentages and accumulation rates decline about 1000 cal yr BP, coincident with occupation of the island by Haida peoples, who use Thuja plicata (western red cedar) almost exclusively for house construction, dugout canoes, monumental poles, and many other items. Anthropogenic disturbance offers the most likely explanation for the decline of T. plicata.     

利用卢氏县钾长石制备碳酸钾的实验研究

以河南省卢氏县钾长石制备雪硅钙石后的提钾母液为研究对象,成功地制备了电子级碳酸钾.母液经酸化、除杂、浓缩后,当溶液密度增加到1.444 1 g/mL时,通过加入乙醇降低KHCO3溶解度的方法制得了碳酸钾.化学分析结果表明产品达到了GB/T1587-2000Ⅱ型碳酸钾的要求.     

Paleomagnetism of mid-Cretaceous red beds in west-central Kyushu Island, southwest Japan: paleoposition of Cretaceous sedimentary basins along the eastern margin of Asia

A paleomagnetic study was carried out on the mid-Cretaceous sedimentary strata in west-central Kyushu Island, southwest Japan, to elucidate the origin of sedimentary basins along the Asian continental margin in the Cretaceous. We collected paleomagnetic samples from a total of 34 sites of the mid-Cretaceous Goshonoura Group, shallow-marine clastic deposits in west-central Kyushu, and characteristic remanent magnetizations were recognized from 18 horizons of red beds. Thermal demagnetization has revealed that the red beds contain three magnetization components, with low (<240°C), intermediate (240-480°C), and high (480-680°C) unblocking temperatures. The low unblocking temperature component is present-field viscous magnetization, and the intermediate one is interpreted as chemical remanent magnetization carried by maghemite that was presumably formed by post-folding, partial oxidation of detrital magnetite. Rock magnetic and petrographic studies suggest that the high unblocking temperature component resides largely in hematite (martite and pigmentary hematite) and partly in maghemite. Because of the positive fold test, this high temperature component can be regarded as primary, detrital remanent magnetization. The tilt-corrected mean direction of the high temperature component is Dec=65°, Inc=63° with α₉₅=5°, which yields a paleomagnetic pole at 39°N, 186°E and A₉₅=8°. A combination of this pole with those of the Late Cretaceous rocks in southwest Japan defines an apparent polar wander path (APWP), which is featured by a cusp between the Late Cretaceous and the Paleogene. A comparison of this APWP with the coeval paleomagnetic pole from northeast Asia suggests an approximately 50° post-Cretaceous clockwise rotation and 18±8° southward drift with respect to northeast Asia. The southward transport of the Cretaceous basin suggests that the proto-Japanese arc originated north of its present position. We propose that the coast-parallel translation of this landmass was caused by dextral motion of strike-slip faults, which previous geodynamic models interpreted to be sinistral through the Mesozoic. The change in strike-slip motion may have resulted from Mesozoic collision and penetration of exotic terranes, such as the Okhotsk microcontinent, with the northeastern part of Asia.     

碳酸盐岩酸不溶物作为贵州岩溶区红色风化壳主要物质来源的证据

贵州岩溶区红色风化壳是中国南方红色负化壳的重要组成部分，本文根据部分红色风化壳剖面野外特征、矿物学、地球化学及土壤物理学等的研究结果，对其物源及成因进行了探讨。各剖面，尤其邻近剖面显著的矿物学、地球化学差异排除了远程风成沉积物、火山灰、上覆或者高处碎屑岩层作为统一且重要物源的可能。极低的石英含量表明贵州常见的长石石英砂岩不是其主要物源，具有中稀土（MREE）富集的特征也排除了粘土岩、页岩作为主要物源的可能。风化壳剖面间的差异性均可从基岩酸不溶物的差异性得到很好解释，表明它们是下伏碳酸盐岩风化、酸不溶物（准）原地堆积的结果。部分剖面甚至显示了典型风化壳剖面的一些特征，具有正常风化序列的剖面结构特征。     

贵州红粘土工程地质特征探讨

贵州为典型的喀斯特地貌，广泛分布的碳酸盐岩，亚热带的温湿季风气候，为红粘土的形成提供了良好条件，在地表除基岩裸露地段外，普遍分布着一层棕红、褐黄色高塑性红粘土。红粘土是一种区域性特殊土，具有表面收缩、上硬下软、裂隙发育的特征。这类土虽然具有较高的天然含水率及孔隙比大的弱点，但也具朋较高的地基强度与较低的地基压缩性，是良好的建筑基础。