基于SVM方法的航空高光谱赤潮信息提取与分析

从仪器到外业数据采集再到内业数据处理,较全面的阐述了航空高光谱赤潮监测的工作流程,并着重讨论了航空高光谱赤潮信息提取这一关键技术.采用专门针对小样本高维度的支持向量机模式识别方法,以2013年7月4日浙江舟山东福山赤潮高光谱数据为例,通过采集7个点位的赤潮海水和正常海水波谱曲线,研究分析赤潮海水的差异性特征,开展赤潮信息提取技术的研究,并对相同样本不同的提取方法进行了对比,通过分析,进一步证明了支持向量机方法的准确性和优越性.航空高光谱赤潮信息提取技术的研究可为航空赤潮业务化监测提供必要的技术基础.     

Estimation of Surface Temperature and Rainfall in Ghana

Geografisk Tidsskrift, Danish Journal of Geography 97: 76–85, 1997.

Daily Meteosat images for 1989 have been analysed for the purpose of mapping surface temperature and rainfall in Ghana. The images in the time-series are georeferenced and the maximum value composite (MVC) technique is applied to the temperature calibrated IR-channel images after a cloud screening of the images. The cloud covered areas are outlined and traced using the Meteosat visible channels. Stratiform clouds are detected using surface albedo while cumuliform clouds are detected based on a technique calculating the spatial variability within a 5 pixel by 5 pixel window around each point in the image. The cloud covered parts of the scene are then delimitated by comparing the normal albedo values and the spatial variance in albedo.

The paper then discusses how the outlined procedure can be applied in an environmental monitoring context. For each of the months June to November 1989 the mean monthly rainfall amounts at 35 meteorological stations are plotted against the mean surface temperature. It is found that apart from the month of June statistical significant linear relationships are obtained and that the scattering around the line is decreasing for increasing sampling length.     

Transport process of sand grains from fluvial to deep marine regions estimated by luminescence of feldspar: example from the Kumano area,central Japan

Using the concept of bleaching in optical dating, a new index of sediment sample bleaching percentage (BLP‐2) was developed and applied to evaluate sand grain transport from riverine to deep‐marine environments. As bleached grains in modern sediments have no optically stimulated luminescence (OSL)/infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) signal, bleached and unbleached feldspar grains are distinguished by IRSL intensity. The BLP‐2 distribution of present deposits around the Kumano area, on the Pacific coast of central Japan, suggests that sand grains in surface turbidites obtained from the bottom of the Kumano Trough are of flood/storm origin rather than seismogenic origin. The distribution of BLP‐2 tentatively suggests sand grain erosion–transport–depositional processes; for example, origin and transport agencies of shelf sand, and influence of coastal erosion on the beach deposit. Although the present BLP analysis is not yet supported by a rigorous statistical test, it is useful to distinguish recent deposition and remobilization of sand grains. Furthermore, if the depositional age and the luminescence age of sand grains are accurately estimated, sand grain transport processes of old (late Quaternary) sediments may be estimated by the methodology similar to that of the present study.     

河南省钙红土风化壳型铝土矿沉积规律及找矿远景概论

河南省是我国第二产铝大省,采用目前已查明的75个大中型铝土矿床勘查资料和样品测试结果,通过铝土矿成矿物质来源;矿床沉积环境及形成方式;矿床成矿规律等三方面对河南省铝土矿沉积规律进行全面阐述.然后应用所得成果总结了河南省铝土矿的分布规律,运用六个影响铝土矿找矿的因素:①成矿时代找矿;②沉积环境找矿③古地理找矿;④古岛边缘的分布规律;⑤沉积盆地内的喀斯特地貌;⑥构造控矿条件.划出了进一步找矿中的三个大的重点找矿远景区.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定长石矿物中钾钠钙镁铝钛铁

样品用HCl-HNO3-HClO4-HF分解,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定长石矿物中的K、Na、Ca、Mg、Al、Ti、Fe。对元素的分析谱线、溶解用酸的量等工作条件进行了优化,选择了各元素的最佳分析谱线及背景校正模式,探讨HF的用量,试验加内标和不加内标两种测定方法对测定结果的影响。结果表明,对于样品中含量较高的Al,选用次灵敏线396.152 nm,用内标法补偿非光谱干扰,以长石中含量极低的Au作为内标元素(测定谱线为242.795 nm)可以获得满意的结果,方法检出限为0.45～3.56μg/g。经国家一级标准物质GBW03134、GBW 3116验证,测定值的相对误差(RE)为-1.32%～10.0%,ICP-AES法与其他测定方法的测定结果无显著性差异,方法精密度(RSD,n=10)为0.55%～7.2%,能够满足长石矿物中相关组分的准确测定。     

Detrital K‐feldspar 40Ar/39Ar Ages: Source Constraints of the Lower Miocene Sandstones in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea

The South China Sea began to outspread in the Oligocene. A great quantity of terraneous detritus was deposited in the northern continental shelf of the sea, mostly in Pearl River Mouth Basin, which constituted the main paleo-Pearl River Delta. The delta developed for a long geological time and formed a superimposed area. Almost all the oil and gas fields of detrital rock reservoir distribute in this delta. Thirty-three oil sandstone core samples in the Zhujiang Formation, lower Miocene (23–16 Ma), were collected from nine wells. The illite samples with detrital K feldspar (Kfs) separated from these sandstone cores in four sub-structural belts were analysed by the high-precision 40Ar/39Ar laser stepwise heating technique. All 33 illite 40Ar/39Ar data consistently yielded gradually rising age spectra at the low-temperature steps until reaching age plateaus at mid-high temperature steps. The youngest ages corresponding to the beginning steps were interpreted as the hydrocarbon accumulation ages and the plateau ages in mid-high temperature steps as the contributions of the detrital feldspar representing the ages of the granitic parent rocks in the provenances. The ages of the detrital feldspar from the Zhujiang Formation in the four sub-structural belts were different: (1) the late Cretaceous ages in the Lufeng 13 fault structural belt; (2) the late Cretaceous and early Cretaceous-Jurassic ages in the Huizhou 21 buried hill-fault belt; (3) the Jurassic and Triassic ages in the Xijiang 24 buried hill-fault belt; and (4) the early Cretaceous – late Jurassic ages in the Panyu 4 oil area. These detrital feldspar 40Ar/39Ar ages become younger and younger from west to east, corresponding to the age distribution of the granites in the adjacent Guangdong Province, Southern China.     

Mesozoic “Red Beds” and its Evolution in the Hefei Basin

The Hefei Basin is the largest basin in the North China landmass with complete and well-preserved Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata. In the basin there developed a suite of extremely thick “red beds” in the Mesozoic. Owing to complex evolution processes and a lack of paleontological traces, there have been controversies regarding the division and correlation of this suite of red beds. Based on results obtained in recent years in drilling, seismic and surface geological investigations and in consideration of relationships between seismic sequences and regional tectonic events, as well as evidence in paleontology, petrology and isotopic dating, this paper preliminarily puts forward the following ideas about the sequence stratigraphic framework of the continental “red beds” in the Hefei Basin. (1) The Zhougongshan Formation and the Yuantongshan Formation have similar lithologic, geophysical and paleontological characteristics, so we incorporate them into a single formation, called the Yuantongshan Formation, and the original Zhougongshan and Yuantongshan Formations are regarded as the upper and the lower parts of the newly defined Yuantongshan Formation. Its age is the Middle Jurassic; (2) the Zhuxiang Formation belongs to the Upper Jurassic Series and (3) the age of the Xiangdaopu Formation is the Lower Cretaceous. Furthermore, signatures of depositional evolution are analyzed in the paper based on features of seismic reflection, outcrops and drilling data. The Early and Middle Jurassic is characterized by a foreland basin, which is influenced mainly by uplift and longitudinal compression of the Dabieshan Mountains; the Lower Jurassic System has a relatively small depositional area; the Middle Jurassic strata are distributed extensively over the whole basin, marking the summit of basin development; a flexure basin is characteristic of the Late Jurassic, manifesting a joint effect of the Dabieshan and Zhangbaling Mountains with the former being more significant. In the Early Cretaceous, the Xiangdaopu Formation was distributed in the Daqiao depression, evidently affected by extension of the Tanlu fault; in the Late Cretaceous, the Hefei Basin was subjected to dismembering and the Zhangqiao Formation was distributed in the east-west direction along the downthrown side of the fault.     

The effect of dislocations on bulk diffusion in feldspars during metamorphism

ABSTRACT There is no significant difference in the diffusion profiles across albite-adularia bicrystals that were simultaneously deformed at a strain rate of 10^-6S^-1 and those from hydrostatic experiments at the same conditions (1500 MPa and 1000°C for 156 h). This indicates that the bulk alkali diffusion rate, which is the sum of lattice diffusion (D, ₁) and dislocation pipe diffusion (Dp), is not significantly enhanced by dislocations at these conditions, and that the maximum value for the ratio of D_p/D₁ is about 10⁵. This is equal to the value previously reported for‘oxygen’diffusion in albite. If this ratio is independent of temperature, the contribution of either static (pre-deformed) or moving (syn-deformed) dislocations to the bulk diffusion rate of alkalis is probably minor at all metamorphic conditions. For Al and Si diffusion the ratio of D_p/D₁ may be larger if D₁ is lower. Thus a significant contribution from dislocations to bulk diffusion cannot be ruled out, especially during simultaneous deformation.     

德日进"亚洲干极"理论的现实意义

"亚洲干极"是德日进总结中国北方中生代以来不断干旱化得出的观点.构造运动驱动气候变干是其主导思想.德日进关于中国新生代古地理演化的基本框架至今仍然适用,当代研究补充和深化了"亚洲干极"的理论,老第三纪行星风系的干热气候逐渐在新第三纪被季风气候取代,代表干旱气候的粉尘沉积逐步扩大空间范围,湖相沉积则逐渐收缩.22MaB.P.,8.5MaB.P.,3.6MaB.P.和1.2MaB.P.是"亚洲于极"逐步加强的关键时段.     

Atmospheric Dry Deposition to Marble and Red Stone

This paper presents dry deposition flux and deposition velocity of atmospheric particles on white marble and red stone at Dayalbagh, a suburban site of semi arid region, which is 10 km away from the industrial sector of the Agra city where due to agricultural practices vegetation predominates. The wind speed at Agra is mostly in the range of 1–2 m s^–1. The atmospheric calm conditions at Agra in summer, monsoon, and winter seasons are 47%, 35%, and 76%, respectively. Industrial areas of the city are away from Dayalbagh and are located in the NE, E, SE, and SW sectors. The main industrial activities, which are in operation in Agra city and its outskirts, are foundry and forging industry. The other industrial activities in Agra are rubber processing, lime oxidation and pulverization, chemicals, engineering and brick refractory kilns. Dry deposition samples were collected on dry days on white marble and red stone (0.224 m × 0.224 m × 0.02 m) using surface washing method. Both slabs were fixed to an iron stand (1.5 m height) at an angle of about 80 from the horizontal and exposed for 24 h on the roof of the faculty building. The order of deposition flux on white marble is NH₄⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Na⁺ > Cl^– > K⁺ > NO₃^– > SO₄^2– > F^– and that on red stone is NH₄⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Ca²⁺ > SO₄^2– > Na⁺ > NO₃^– > K⁺ > F^– > Cl^–. Average dry deposition flux of major ions varies from 3.4 to 128.5 M m^–2 d^–1. The sum of major cations on white marble and red stone are 516.4 and 450.4 eq m^–2 d^–1, respectively while sum of major anions are 425.3 and 400.4 eq m^–2 d^–1 on white marble and red stone, respectively. Higher deposition of all ions was observed when wind blows from NE as most of the Agra Iron foundries and Ferozabad glass industries lie in this direction. The mean values of dry deposition velocity of ions vary between 0.22 cm s^–1 to 1.49 cm s^–1. Deposition velocity for all ions is higher on white marble than red stone inspite of rougher surface of red stone as compared to white marble. This could be due to the chemical nature of white marble, which is made of dolomite and hence adds significant amount of ions by dissolution during washing. Seasonally the deposition velocity was highest in winter.