热水沉积岩及矿物岩石标志

热水沉积物不同于普通沉积物 ,主要与热水流体类型有关。文中把热水流体划分为中高温热水流体与中低温热水流体。中高温热水沉积岩包括钾长石岩、硅质岩、电气石岩、钠长石岩、萤石岩 ;中低温热水沉积岩包括碳酸盐、硫酸盐等岩石。钾长石岩是文中确定的一种标准高温热水沉积岩 ,热水沉积钾长石以冰长石和钡长石为主 ;热水沉积碳酸盐矿物一般为铁、镁、锰、钙碳酸盐 ,碳酸盐的形成与CO2 和H2 O的不混溶温度有关 ,一般在不混溶温度 ,即 2 66℃以下生成 ,或在海水补偿线以上形成。热水沉积岩中有热水交代蚀变岩夹层 ,尤其是在高温热水活动区 ,可以交代泥质、钙泥质沉积物形成热水交代沉积岩 ,包括方柱石黑云母岩、透辉石透闪石岩、夕卡岩、绿泥石岩等。根据对霍各乞铜多金属矿床的研究 ,热水交代透辉石透闪石岩的稀土总量较低 ,表现为轻稀土富集 ,重稀土亏损 ,稀土配分模式表现为正Eu异常     

桐庐杂岩体中共存的两种碱性长石研究

桐庐同熔型火山－侵入杂岩中出现两种碱性长石，一种为无色透明，另一种为微红色，本文利用X射线衍射仪，电子探针，透射电镜对其结构态，成分及出溶微结构进行了对比研究。结果表明，两者成分差别不大，而结构差别较大，无色透明的为透长石，出溶叶片发育；微红色的为正长石或低透长石，出溶结构不发育。而且随着冷却速率的变慢，无色透明碱性长石的Al/Si有序度增大，微红色碱性长石的有序度降低，分析后认为这种共存现象是岩浆混和造成的，从而为桐庐杂岩体的岩浆混合成因提供了有力的证据。     

凯里地区红粘土的工程特性与评价

凯里地区红粘土是一种较好的建筑物地基土，它除具有一般红粘土的通性外，其最大的特点是胀缩性小，塌陷概率低，如果对它做出客观的工程地质评价并加以利用将会产生重大的经济效益。     

pH值对长石溶解度及次生孔隙发育的影响

本文从长石溶解反应的机理及各离子形态在溶液中分布的热力学角度出发 ,论述了pH值对三个长石端员及高岭石在流体中溶解度的影响。在此基础上 ,进一步探讨了流体酸碱度对长石向高岭石转化和次生孔隙发育程度的制约 ,并提出了衡量次生孔隙发育程度的参数———转化系数D。     

Plagioclase dissolution related to biodegradation of oil in Brent Group sandstones (Middle Jurassic) of Gullfaks Field, northern North Sea

Brent Group sandstones from the north side of the Gullfaks Oilfield contain mostly 5–8% albitic plagioclase, whereas plagioclase is almost absent in the same strata in the southern part of the field. Absence of plagioclase throughout the entire vertical extent of the Brent Group in the southern wells seems to rule out provenance as the principal explanation for differing plagioclase content, which is therefore interpreted as the result of diagenesis. Hypotheses for the nature of the inferred leaching event include epigenetic meteoric diagenesis and mesogenetic release of acid components from clay minerals or kerogen, but these explanations are unable to account for the observed spatial distribution of the plagioclase-bearing and plagioclase-free sandstone intervals. However, overall correspondence between the area lacking plagioclase and oil compositions having both anomalously high CO₂ and organic geochemical indications of advanced biodegradation suggest a link between plagioclase dissolution and biodegradation of the present oil column. It is, therefore, proposed that acid components from biodegradation selectively reacted with albitic plagioclase to form kaolin, releasing sodium bicarbonate into the residual water. The plagioclase-free sandstones contain more kaolin than the plagioclase-bearing sandstones, as would be expected due to aluminium conservation. However, the wide and overlapping ranges of kaolin content in both groups suggest that most of the kaolin originated from processes other than biodegradation-driven plagioclase alteration, potentially including both epigenetic and mesogenetic dissolution, as well as deposition of detrital kaolin and kaolin precursors.     

陆相红层盆地1:5万区调中的遥感应用研究

本文采用遥感地质方法,对陆相红层盆地的沉积岩相、沉积体系界面、盆地充填序列、岩相变化以及地层格架影像特征进行了识别研究,取得了较好效果,为遥感在红层盆地1:5万区调中的应用,开辟了新思路。     

白垩纪红层冰筏沉积的古气候及古地理意义

冰筏沉积是负载沉积物的冰块进入海洋或湖泊中，冰块融化沉积物附落所形成的，它们可形成于高海拔具有明显气候垂直分带的低纬度地区或者是高纬度地区。我们在研究松辽盆地白垩纪古气候时，首次在泉头组层中发现冰筏沉积。根据泉头组孢粉组合的研究透明，它们除了具有热带－亚热植物的孢粉以外，还有少量喜冷分子混生现象。     

横断事件:亚洲东部晚新生代的一次重大构造事件

新近研究结果表明,吉尔伯特世与高斯世的界面附近(距今约340万年)存在着一次重大构造事件,主要证据在横断山系,故称横断事件。由它引发我国第四纪断陷盆地的发育与青藏高原的块状隆起,使横断山系新的地貌过程得以起步,从此我国地壳构造演化进入一个崭新的阶段,青藏高原隆起是横断事件以来亚洲大陆新构造运动的代表性显现,建议以该事件为起点的地壳构造运动称为青藏高原运动。     

Surface complexation at hydrous fluorapatite

The adsorption of H⁺, OH^– and ARS (Alizarin Red S) onto hydrous fluorapatite surfaces and Ca²⁺—ARS complexation in solution were studied by means of combined potentiometric and spectrophotometric titrations, as well as zeta potential and FT-IR measurements. Corresponding equilibrium constants of surface and solution reactions are determined. The application in flotation processes is discussed.     

红壤退化中的土壤质量评价指标及评价方法

土壤质量评价与监测是评价土壤退化的重要工作,也是重新设计持续性的土壤管理系统的基础。目前缺乏统一的评价指标以及将各项土壤性质与土壤管理措施结合起来的评价方法。本文首先提出了选择红壤质量评价指标的原则,并从化学、物理学和生物学三个方面初步探讨了评价红壤质量动态变化可资采用的指标体系,综述了国内在南方丘陵区红壤质量演化的研究中应用的指标;最后从土地评价方法中选择了可用于红壤质量评价的方法,并简要综述了国际上最新的土壤质量评价方法。