Fission Track Dating of Authigenic Quartz in Red Weathering Crusts of Carbonate Rocks in Guizhou Province

The Cenozoic evolution history of Guizhou Province, which is located on the southeastern flank of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is unclear because of the lack of sedimentation records. The red weathering crusts widespread on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau may bear critical information about their evolution history. This work firstly determined the ages of four red weathering crusts in eastern, central and northern Guizhou. The material used in fission track dating is well-crystallized quartz occurring in many in-situ weathering crusts of carbonate rocks. The results showed that the fission track ages of quartz vary over a wide range from 1 to 25 Ma in the four profiles, significantly younger than the ages of the Triassic and Cambrian parent rocks. In combination with the evolution history of the regional geology during the period from 25 to 1 Ma, the ages of quartz can exclude the possibility that the origin of quartz has nothing to do with primary clastic minerals in parent rocks, authigenesis during diagenesi     

Variation on Foraminiferal Composition in Cretaceous Black-Gray-Red Bed Sequence of Southern Tibet, China

An Upper Cretaceous black-gray-red bed sequence was deposited in the Tethys-Himalayan Sea where abundant foraminifera, especially planktons, were yielded. In the shallow shelf to the upper slope on the north margin of Indian plate was recorded an extinction-recovery-radiation cycle of foraminiferal fauna highly sensitive to paleoceanographical changes. The black unit, consisting of the Late Cenomanian-earliest Turonian beds, displays a major extinction, with keeled planktonic and many benthic species as the principal victims at the end of the Cenomanian when existed only low diversity, sin-face water-dwelling foraminifera. The gray unit spans a long-term recovery interval from the Turonian to the early Santonian with keeled planktonic foraminifera returning stepwise to the water colunm. The planktonic biota in the red unit, extremely abundant, indicate a biotic radiation during the Late Santonian and the Early Campanian, implying that the high oxygen levels had returned to all the oceanic depth levels,and that the water stratification disappeared, followed by the radiation of all depth-dwellers. The variation on foraminiferal faunas from the whole sequence refers to the extreme warm climate that appeared in the Middle Cretaceous and to the declined temperature toward the late epoch. Substantial deposits for this warming and cooling zones represent the black shales in the Middle Cretaceous and the red beds in the later period of the southern Tibet. The change in the foraminiferal composition corresponded to the formation of dysaerobic facies and to the development of high-oxidized circumstances.     

甘肃临夏盆地新近纪红粘土粒度组成的古环境意义①

临夏盆地十里墩剖面新近纪红粘土粒度组成特征、磁化率值分析表明:8.2Ma以来,临夏盆地经历了干旱化的逐级发展和东亚冬季风的逐渐加强过程。8.2～7.4Ma,东亚冬季风形成,干旱化已经发生,风成红粘土开始在盆地沉积;7.4～6.8Ma,亚洲冬季风逐渐加强,开始影响黄土高原地区,形成大面积的红粘土堆积,盆地为半干旱～半湿润的气候环境;6.8～6.0Ma气候与构造稳定,基本维持了前期的气候特点;5.9～5.3Ma,盆地冬季风强度略有增加,为干湿与干凉交替的气候环境;5.3～4.8Ma盆地冬季风盛行、干旱化程度强烈,气候特征为干凉;4.8～4.0Ma,夏季风开始盛行,气候变的湿润。4.0Ma后,青藏高原开始发生又一次强烈隆升。     

Seasonal variation of CO2 flux and its environmental factors in evergreen coniferous plantation

The effects of environmental factors on carbon flux were analyzed, the spatial and temporal variation of carbon flux was studied at the two heights of 23 m and 39 m with the eddy covariance technique, and the carbon budget was evaluated for evergreen coniferous plantation in the red earth hilly area during the year 2003. The results showed that photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and soil temperature are essential factors strongly affecting the net ecosystem exchange (NEE); in the daytime, the response of NEE to PAR shows a rectangular hyperbola trend, and in the nighttime, the significant correlation was observed between soil temperature and soil respiration which was filtered using friction velocity. This ecosystem appeared as a carbon sink along the whole year of 2003, and the carbon flux showed the obvious seasonal fluctuation and diurnal variability. The seasonal peak of NEE occurred in May and June with the daily sum about 0.61-0.67 mg · CO2 · m-2 · s-1. For the severe drought in the mid-summer, the daily sum was 0.40-0.44 mg · CO2 · m-2 · s-1 in July which was only 2/3 of that in the last two months. For the lasted drought of the year, the nadir of NEE happened in the winder with the daily sum about -0.29 to -0.35 mg · CO2 · m-2 · s-1. The sink intensity of the ecosystem was about -0.553 to -0.645 kg · Cm-2 per year in 2003.     

陕西老高川红粘土剖面粒度磁化率特征及古环境意义

陕西老高川红粘土剖面粒度表现出明显的三峰分布特征，说明它是由多种成因组分所构成，而且每种成因组分对整体的贡献率也不同。其粒度组成主要是以粉土粒级（5-50μm）为主，且10-50μm粒级含量高于5-10μm，〉250μm颗粒少见。除〈2μm粒级含量变化相对稳定外，其余粒级均表现出旋回起伏的特征。〉63μm、〉30μm及中值曲线变幅较大，说明当时冬季风比较盛行，而且变化强度比较大，而〈2μm粒级曲线变化相对稳定，说明当时夏季风很弱，而且没有太大变化。粒度曲线与野外岩性所得结论一致，说明当时气候总体上是以干冷为背景，但也有干冷与暖湿的交替。野外岩性上表现为粘土层与钙结核层相互交替，粒度曲线上表现为峰谷旋回起伏的变化，同时也有古生物与岩石学证据相佐证。磁化率曲线变化说明榆社期较保德期气候暖湿。帕拉提‘     

广西红粘土和膨胀土土热力学特性的比较研究

基于广西膨胀土和红粘土的成因类型、物质成分和结构特征,研究常温(-4℃～60℃)下膨胀土与红粘土的热力学特性,探讨了红粘土与膨胀土的抗剪强度指标与温度之间的相关关系。试验结果表明,两种土在10℃,40℃与室温(28℃)时,主应力差σ1-σ3峰值变化不大,而60℃时有明显增大;在相同条件下,红粘土的主应力差峰值变化更大;红粘土与膨胀土的抗剪强度指标(c,φ)随热状况不同而发生变化,而且红粘土的粘聚力c和膨胀土的内摩擦角φ在室温,环境有较小值。分析结果认为,两种土的热效应影响趋势相似,但红粘土的热力学特性较为敏感,这与红粘土的成因类型及胶结特征密切相关。研究结果为红粘土与膨胀土地区工程建设及减灾防灾提供参考。     

桐庐、黄山花岗岩类岩体中碱性长石的出溶和超微双晶

本文研究了桐庐和黄山两地不同成因花岗岩类岩体中碱性长石的出溶和超微双晶。结果表明,碱性长石的出溶和超微双晶同岩体的成岩温度、冷却速率以及岩体成因类型和碱性长石的化学成份有关,成岩期后的热作用对碱性长石的出溶和超微双晶产生改造和破坏。     

云南西盟小马撒喜山期花岗岩体的岩石学特征及岩石成因

云南省西部西盟小马撒花岗岩体出露于西盟隆起大黑山复背斜西翼,与上元古界西盟群变质岩呈侵入接触。黑云母Rb-Sr年龄为16.7Ma,Rb-Sr全岩等时线年龄为50.5Ma,属喜山期。熔融包体均—温度750—968℃,气液包体均—温度255—405℃。~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr初始比值为0.7121—0.7183、δ~(18)O值为 9.70— 10.24‰。小马撒花岗岩为陆壳部分熔融的花岗岩浆高侵位结晶的产物,属东南亚含锡S型花岗岩之北延部分。     

山东省招远金矿区春季赤松林的植物地球化学和反射光谱特征

本文研究了山东省招远市台上金矿区与背景区赤松林的植物地球化学特征、赤松生长状况和光谱反射率特征的差异。结果表明，赤松对Ａｕ，Ａｇ，Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ等金属元素均呈强积累，赤松针叶中的Ａｕ、Ａｇ元素含量金矿区值和背景区值之比分别可达６和１８。重金属的过量吸收使金矿区赤松的生长状况变差，针叶内叶绿素含量减少，反射光谱特征明显变化。金矿区与背景区对比，赤松的红界蓝移幅度可达８—１２ｎｍ。随重金属污染程度的加重，近红外肩反射率值、叶绿素反射峰值与叶绿素吸收峰值之差均呈下降趋势，一阶导数谱７１０ｎｍ附近平顶斜率由正值变为负值，逐渐变小。反射光谱的这种变化规律可用以遥感探查赤松林下重金属矿藏。