川东红层区巴南广高速公路滑坡高发成因分析

研究目的:巴南广高速公路位于地形地貌平缓、基岩产状近水平、构造相对简单的川东红层地区,线路修建时滑坡病害频发,其中工程造价超过10万元的滑坡达192处,工程治理费用约4亿元,严重影响了高速公路的正常建设。基于此,笔者依据咨询的这192处滑坡建立样本数据库,对滑坡高发的成因进行分析,以期能为今后类似红层区的高速公路的安全、经济修建提供借鉴。研究结论:(1)以富水粉质粘土为主的堆积体滑坡是项目区滑坡主要类型,且以小-中型滑坡为主,滑坡密度大,治理费用高,这是项目区滑坡的主要特征。(2)红层区特殊的地质环境是滑坡高发的基础,主要体现在地表广泛分布的可塑-软塑状粉质粘土和下伏的富水砂泥岩地层对工程扰动敏感,易使坡体在开挖卸荷和填方加载后,利用土岩交界面和最大剪应力形成的同生滑面产生堆积层滑坡、在近水平产状的砂泥岩中形成平推式、错落式和破碎岩质滑坡。(3)欠合理的设计对滑坡高发具有控制作用,主要体现在地质选线贯彻较差,路基填挖规模偏大而使坡体防护工程针对性差,造成大量工程滑坡的出现,且处治设计周期过长,使滑坡范围不断扩大。(4)施工方责任心欠缺,不合理的工程开挖或填方是滑坡高发的重要因素。     

红色地层水工隧洞掘进方法的探索

通过对泥页岩的风化演变规律及其稳定性分析，初步探索了在泥页岩红色地层中的钻眼方法，并介绍采用螺旋肋骨钎头和泡沫冲孔技术，以及对开挖和衬砌工序进行合理安排的情况。     

Fission Track Dating of Authigenic Quartz in Red Weathering Crusts of Carbonate Rocks in Guizhou Province

The Cenozoic evolution history of Guizhou Province, which is located on the southeastern flank of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is unclear because of the lack of sedimentation records. The red weathering crusts widespread on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau may bear critical information about their evolution history. This work firstly determined the ages of four red weathering crusts in eastern, central and northern Guizhou. The material used in fission track dating is well-crystallized quartz occurring in many in-situ weathering crusts of carbonate rocks. The results showed that the fission track ages of quartz vary over a wide range from 1 to 25 Ma in the four profiles, significantly younger than the ages of the Triassic and Cambrian parent rocks. In combination with the evolution history of the regional geology during the period from 25 to 1 Ma, the ages of quartz can exclude the possibility that the origin of quartz has nothing to do with primary clastic minerals in parent rocks, authigenesis during diagenesi     

改良用高液限红粘土作回填土填料性质的方法研究

高液限（ω＞80％）红粘土作为一种特殊的不良地基土体,具有软土、土洞、地面塌陷和胀缩性破坏等不良工程特性,其难排水、难固结的特性原则上是导致其不能作为回填地基材料的主要原因。研究提出在一定的最优含水量范围内,按一定比例掺和碎石并提高压实功等级的改良处理措施,可增大红粘土的最大干密度,提高其压实度,对改良用高液限红粘土作为回填材料增加了可能性。     

江西省东乡红色断陷盆地的水文地质特征及裂隙水资源

本文分析了江西省东乡县红色断陷盆地的水文地质特征,着重研究了红盆外缘含水系统中的地下水顺导水断裂向盆地径流对形成红壤裂隙的补给资源所起的作用,并概括出三种类型的剖面。指出每一种剖面应研究的重点,粗略估算了地下水资源。最后阐述了红层地区裂隙水的找水方向和调查方法。     

Seasonal variation of CO2 flux and its environmental factors in evergreen coniferous plantation

The effects of environmental factors on carbon flux were analyzed, the spatial and temporal variation of carbon flux was studied at the two heights of 23 m and 39 m with the eddy covariance technique, and the carbon budget was evaluated for evergreen coniferous plantation in the red earth hilly area during the year 2003. The results showed that photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and soil temperature are essential factors strongly affecting the net ecosystem exchange (NEE); in the daytime, the response of NEE to PAR shows a rectangular hyperbola trend, and in the nighttime, the significant correlation was observed between soil temperature and soil respiration which was filtered using friction velocity. This ecosystem appeared as a carbon sink along the whole year of 2003, and the carbon flux showed the obvious seasonal fluctuation and diurnal variability. The seasonal peak of NEE occurred in May and June with the daily sum about 0.61-0.67 mg · CO2 · m-2 · s-1. For the severe drought in the mid-summer, the daily sum was 0.40-0.44 mg · CO2 · m-2 · s-1 in July which was only 2/3 of that in the last two months. For the lasted drought of the year, the nadir of NEE happened in the winder with the daily sum about -0.29 to -0.35 mg · CO2 · m-2 · s-1. The sink intensity of the ecosystem was about -0.553 to -0.645 kg · Cm-2 per year in 2003.     

黄土高原黄土．和红粘土10Be地球化学特征

充分认识元素和同位素在不同环境条件下的地球化学行为,是运用元素和同位素示 踪环境变化的前提。对来自于黄土高原的黄土、古土壤和红粘土样品的宇宙成因核素¹⁰Be测量和化学成分分析,以及各种化学淋溶实验表明：¹⁰Be主要以吸附状态赋存于粉尘沉积物粘粒矿物的表面,部分已结合进自生的粘土矿物中;在粉尘沉积物风化过程中¹⁰Be与⁹Be和～的活动性相似,基本没有发生迁移,其原因是连续沉积的粉尘含有大量的碱性物质,阻止了…Be的解吸附和淋滤;沉积和风化作用导致了¹⁰Be浓度与化学指标在黄土-古土壤和红粘土剖面中的协同变化。     

日本沿岸水域的赤潮监测研究及其防治对策

赤潮或有害藻华已越来越成为全球性的海洋环境问题，赤潮的发生不但破坏水域生态系统的平衡，而且给水产养殖业造成了巨大损失。本文概述了日本赤潮监测研究及其防治对策的现状，以便为我国在赤潮调查研究工作中提供一些有益的经验     

四川剑门关侏罗—白垩系红层分子化石的古环境和古气候意义

利用气相色谱－质谱仪从四川剑门关侏罗－白垩系红层中检测出包括正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烃、长链三环萜、霍烷及甾烷等系列分子化石。分析了这些分子化石的分布特征及其来源，利用分子化石的多项参数（如w(C21^-)/w(C22^ ),w(Pr)/w(Ph),w(Pr)/w(nC17),w(Ph)/w(nC18)，伽马蜡烷指数、甾烷等）对沉积环境的盐度、氧化－还原条件、陆相标志等方面作了探讨。这些分子化石参数证实中侏罗世－早白垩世，剑门关－带的沉积环境应为低盐度淡水、弱氧化的陆相沉积环境，所研究的陆相样品高碳数正构烷烃均以本植物有关的C27，C29为主峰，未出现草本植物的C21主峰，反映了研究区总体格局是一种以木本植物占绝对优势、温暖湿润的气候环境，与红盆发育的气候条件吻合，充分体现了分子化石在恢复古环境、古植被和古气候方面有极大潜力。     

真鲷与石莼池塘混养试验

开展南方真鲷Pagrosomus major与石莼Ulva lactuca池塘混养试验。结果显示,在10m×9m×1.6m的池塘里放养150尾真鲷种苗和少量石莼,经1a养殖试验,在不充氧气、不加任何水质改良剂和消毒药物、仅补充少量海水的情况下,依靠石莼自然生长与繁殖,能有效地消除水体的营养盐,净化水质,改良养殖环境,减少污水排放。池水溶解氧周年维持在4.75—6.50mg.L-1,铵氮含量为0.017—0.093mg.L-1,真鲷和石莼在池塘可以忍受高达34.5℃的极端温度和比重低至1.012 0的海水。周年真鲷成活率为87.3%,饵料系数为5.1,体重为355—529g.ind-1,平均427g.ind-1,总产量为55 900g;石莼生长茂密,沥干鲜藻总产量达到358 000g。实验期间未出现任何因养殖环境不适而导致真鲷患病或大量死亡,可见石莼是适合于作为池塘鱼类养殖的环境修复生物。