地质统计学反演在稠油油藏砾岩夹层预测中的应用

随着开发程度加剧,中海油增储上产不断突破下限,越来越走向深层、低渗、深水和稠油。渤海海域探明原油地质储量超60%为稠油,开发难度大。影响稠油油藏热采开发的关键地质因素有油藏类型、含油饱和度、隔夹层、小断层等,其中隔夹层影响最大。D油田为辫状河沉积、储集层非均质性强的厚层块状特超稠油油藏。针对D油田砾岩夹层薄、地震预测精度低的特点,采用高分辨率地质统计学反演技术,进行了测井曲线标准化、概率密度参数、变差函数研究,获得了岩性和厚度定量表征结果,识别了厚度<5 m的砾岩夹层,平面展布符合研究区地质特征,为心滩内部夹层三维地质模型构建提供了依据。     

山区谷底沉陷预测模型及其参数反演

我国西部地区地势复杂,沟壑纵横,地下开采极易导致边坡失稳,引发采动滑坡。在地下采动沉降与滑坡体挤压上升的叠加影响下,谷底区域地表沉降值明显小于类似地质采矿条件下的平原地区。为准确预测山区谷底区域地表沉降值,基于简支梁的弹性变形理论,并借助概率密度函数建立了山区谷底区域地表沉陷预计修正模型,明确模型参数物理意义及其取值方法。依据修正模型,以实测值和预测值之差平方和最小为原则构建适应值函数,基于模拟退火粒子群算法提出新的模型参数反演方法,借助MATLAB语言编制了相应的参数反演程序。最后将研究成果应用于山西某矿,得到谷底区域预测结果中误差为73 mm,与实测值基本一致,取得了较好的工程实践效果。     

青海德尔尼铜钴矿外围综合物探方法应用研究

在分析德尔尼矿区试验剖面的基础上,论述了综合物探方法在调查外围隐伏矿体中的应用。激电扫面可快捷有效圈定异常范围,瞬变电磁法、可控源音频大地电磁法可快速判定异常体的位置、深度、倾向。多种方法相互佐证,结合地质资料排除干扰,可有效降低多解性,为下一步地质重点工程提供资料依据。实践表明,研究成果与钻孔资料、已知矿体基本吻合,在此基础上对德尔尼东、西两区提出了后期工作的重点目标靶区,表明在本区利用这些物探方法来寻找以低阻异常为特征的铜钴矿体是行之有效的。     

Late Tertiary tectonic evolution of northern Iran: A case for simple crustal folding

Here we present a crustal folding or buckling mechanism to explain the rootless 3–5 km high Alborz Mountains in northern Iran as well as  10 km of Late Miocene to recent subsidence in the south Caspian basin and  3–6 km of subsidence in the central Iranian basin in the context of the middle Miocene to recent Arabia–Eurasia collision. A key element of the mechanism is the presence of lateral and vertical lithospheric strength contrasts between the north Iranian continental and south Caspian oceanic crusts: when compression from the collision is applied across the region, the strong south Caspian oceanic crust, buried under > 10 km of premiddle Miocene sediment, interacts with the bottom of the mechanically strong continental upper crust of northern Iran, resulting in upward buckling of the continental crust and downward buckling of the oceanic crust. We test this mechanism using a finite-element numerical model with a Maxwell rheology and obtain results that are consistent with the geological and geophysical observations. The observations compiled here and the model results demonstrate the potential for using this region as a natural laboratory for studying the early stages of continent–oceanic collision, including processes like basin inversion, fault localization and, potentially, subduction initiation.     

Geometric form of Haiyuan fault zone in the crustal interior and dynamics implications

The deep seismic reflection data on profile HY2 are reprocessed by the method of simultaneous inversion of velocity distribution and interface position. By the travel-time inversion with the data of the diving wave Pg and fault plane reflection wave, we determine the geometric form and velocity of Haiyuan fault zone interior and surrounding rock down to 10 km depth. The measured data show that the amplitudes have strong attenuation in the range of stake number 37–39 km, suggesting the fault zone has considerable width in the crustal interior. The results of this paper indicate that to the north of the fault zone the crystalline basement interface upheaves gradually from southwest to northeast and becomes shallow gradually towards northeast, and that to the south of the fault zone, within the basin between Xihua and Nanhua mountains, the folded basement becomes shallow gradually towards southwest. The obliquity of the fault zone is about 70° above the 3 km depth, about 60° in the range of the 3–10 km depths. From the results of this paper and other various citations, we believe that Haiyuan fault zone is in steep state from the Earth’s surface to the depth of 10 km. Foundation item: Joint Seismological Science Foundation of China (201001) and State Key Basic Research Development and Programming Project (95-13-02-02). Contribution No. RCEG200308, Exploration Geophysical Center, China Earthquake Administration.     

Recent tectonic stress field research in Shanxi graben system

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济阳坳陷义和庄凸起东部燕山期构造负反转及层序地层样式响应

通过钻井、测井与地震数据,依据不整合面分析、断层活动速率分析与地层的"负向结构"分析,在义和庄凸起东部燕山期内识别出一期发生于中晚侏罗世之交的构造负反转,并据此将义和庄凸起燕山期划分为早期与晚期两个阶段.通过单井与连井层序地层分析,分别建立了燕山早期与晚期的层序地层样式,两者在层序结构及内部沉积充填等方面表现出巨大差异.早期层序地层不具有显著的沉积厚度分异,且格架内部充填河流相沉积;晚期因构造负反转而形成小型拉张断陷盆地,沉积厚度分异明显,内部以扇三角洲沉积充填为主,呈现出对构造负反转的显著响应.燕山期构造-层序地层学的研究可为中国东部其他具有相似构造背景盆地前新生代的油气勘探提供借鉴.     

重力资料的三维密度反演

分别论述了在空间域与频率域中由重力资料反演三维密度分布的理论及其实现的方法,并提出了一种简便、实用的频率域三维密度反演算法。     

Concealed porphyry delineation based on nonlinear three-dimensional density-difference inversion: An example in the Beiya mine area,Western Yunnan,China

Intermediate acid-complex rock masses with low-density characteristics are the most important prospecting sign in the Beiya area, of western Yunnan province, and provide a physical basis for good gravity exploration. It is usually difficult to obtaining solutions in connection with actual geological situations due to the ambiguity of the conventional gravity-processing results and lack of deep constraints. Thus, the three-dimensional (3D) inversion technology is considered as the main channel for reducing the number of solutions and improving the vertical resolution at the current stage. The current study starts from a model test and performs nonlinear 3D density-difference inversion called “model likelihood exploration”, which performs 3D inversion imaging and inversion of the known model while considering the topographic effects. The inversion results are highly consistent with those of the known models. Simultaneously, we consider the Beiya gold mine in Yunnan as an example. The nonlinear 3D density-difference inversion technology, which is restricted by geological information, is explored to obtain the 3D density body structure below 5 km in the mine area, and the 3D structure of the deep and concealed rock masses are obtained using the density constraints of the intermediate-acid-complex rock masses. The results are well consistent with the surface geological masses and drilling-controlled deep geological masses. The model test and examples both show that the 3D density-difference nonlinear inversion technology can reduce inversion ambiguity, improve resolution, optimize the inversion results, and realize “transparency” in deeply concealed rock masses in ore-concentrated areas,which is useful in guiding the deep ore prospecting.     

鄱阳盆地构造—沉积特征及其演化史

 鄱阳盆地是发育在江南—九岭和怀玉—官帽基底拆离造山带上的白垩-古近纪张扭性断陷盆地,明显受近南北走向的赣江走滑断裂系和前白垩系逆冲断裂系晚期反转的双重因素控制,呈“两坳夹一隆”的区域构造格局。受赣江、进贤—石门街走滑断裂夹持的南昌凹陷,呈近南北向凹凸相间展布格局。进贤—石门街走滑断裂以东地区,“南断北超”型断陷自南而北由北东走向渐转为北北东向展布,其源于晚印支-燕山期北东向逆冲断裂在晚期的反转作用,西缘和北部受赣江断裂系东枝走滑断裂影响明显而发生转向。鄱阳盆地经历了早白垩世晚期(冷水坞组沉积期)拉分盆地、晚白垩世早-中期(周家店组—南雄组沉积早期)走滑张扭断(坳)陷盆地、晚白垩世晚期(南雄组沉积中-晚期)走滑伸展盆地和古近纪坳陷盆地等演化阶段,东南部断陷区(江埠—二甲村凹陷)由于喜马拉雅期的隆升剥蚀而只残存周家店组早期坳陷和周家店组中期—南雄组中期断陷两个发育阶段的沉积。