甘宁蒙陕农牧交错区不宜大规模开垦

通过对甘宁蒙陕农牧交错区的自然特征和生态功能、人类活动对该区环境的影响、水资源状况、国内外开垦草原的教训等方面的分析、论证,说明该区不宜大规模开垦,并提出该区生态保护与建设的对策。     

基于多源卫星遥感的珠江口围填海生命周期分析

围填海是区域社会经济发展到一定阶段向海洋谋求发展空间的一种基本手段。珠江三角洲是我国社会经济发展的热点区域之一,探索其近岸河口区域围填海时空过程并对其未来趋势进行分析对海岸带综合开发具有重要的意义。本研究以多源陆地资源卫星Landsat为数据源,通过影像数据处理分析探讨了珠江口围填海历史变迁过程,并对其围填海生命周期进行了估计。结果表明,珠江口围填海主要发生在改革开放后,其中1978—1988年围填海面积为18 572hm2,1988—1996年间围填海面积为25 528hm2,1996—2005年间围填海面积为13 911hm2,2005—2015年间围填海面积6 723hm2。截至2015年,珠江口共围填海面积64 753hm2,空间上主要集中分布于西部岸段。基于历史围填海时空演变过程,通过围填海生命周期图进一步对珠江口未来的围填海工程实施潜力进行形式预判。结果显示,珠海岸段和深圳前海岸段是珠江口今后实施围填海热点区域,其他区域围填海速度会相对减缓,但随着珠江口海岛逐渐与陆地海岸带相接,该区域围填海过程也将会终止。围填海生命周期分析可为海岸带实施围填海工程规划提供相关决策依据。     

温州市填海海域出让市场指导价评估方法的探讨

温州市土地资源奇缺,填海规模较大,测算温州市填海海域出让市场指导价对于真实反映填海海域市场水平,保护国家的资源性资产有着重要的现实意义。文章结合温州市填海海域市场现状,按照资料收集和整理、划分均质区片、测算样点价格、确定各区片出让市场指导价、编制修正体系的技术路线,对温州市填海海域出让市场指导价的评估方法进行了探讨。     

未来大规模海岸工程对渤海湾潮动力环境影响的模拟研究

利用FVCOM海洋数值模型,建立渤海湾,尤其针对天津近海的水动力和水交换模型,经潮汐和潮流实测资料验证,模拟结果可信。通过模拟,研究了海岸工程对渤海湾内潮动力环境和水交换能力的影响,模拟显示,未来海岸工程建设后,天津近海最大局部海域流速变化可达0.25 m/s,纳潮量减少3.2×10~8m~3。水体半交换周期延长10天,建议在未来的海岸工程建设时,事先考虑其对水动力环境和水体交换能力的影响,避免造成不可逆转的后果。     

围海工程对邻近港区泥沙回淤的影响研究—以漳州港招商局中银码头区为例

针对港区附近围海造地造成的港区泥沙回淤量增大问题，以漳州港招商局中银码头区为例，全面分析了漳州港海域的地形地貌、水动力特征、泥沙特性和岸滩自然演变。根据工程建设前后地形变化，结合岸线回填量和九龙江输沙资料，分析了围海造地对岸滩演变及港区码头回淤的影响。研究表明，围海工程实施后，邻近港区的泥沙回淤由自然回淤、滩地抬高和回填引起的浑水回淤三部分组成。当围海工程结束，新岸滩调整达平衡后，泊位及港池的回淤将逐渐降至正常自然回淤强度。     

Studies on the Ecology of Fouling Community in Daguanban Reclamation Area of Luoyuan Bay

The test panels have been set for one year in the waters of Daguanban reclamation area of Luoyuan Bay to investigate the ecology of fouling community. 39 species of animals and 8 species of algae have been recorded during the investigation. The main period of settlement extends from May to October. The peak periods of biomass and covered area rate of the panels have been observed from Juneto September Balanus reticulatus, Bugula neritina, Molgula manhattensis, Tubularia mesembryanthemun and Enteromopha interstinalis are the dominant species in the fouling community. Species diversity index, species richness, species evenness and environmental factors are determined, the results of which indicate that water flow speed is the most important factor influencing the species and quantity composition of the fouling community.As to the mariculture production in the reclamation area, the main harmful period ranges from June to September.     

太湖围湖利用与网围养殖的遥感调查与研究

太湖的生态环境一直倍受关注。本文采用遥感方法,结合实地考察和文献资料,利用GIS技术,对太湖1988~2003年期间的围湖利用面积和东太湖1990~2003年期间网围养殖面积的动态变化进行了研究。结果表明,1988~2003年期间,太湖围湖利用面积8.3258km2;1990~2003年期间,东太湖网围养殖的面积增加94.0129km2,2003年网围养殖面积达106.4702km2,已占东太湖水面面积79.3%。对大规模围湖利用和过度网围养殖引起的环境效应进行了分析,并且针对当前太湖资源开发利用存在的问题,提出了若干对策与建议。     

Speciation and mobility of heavy metals in mud in coastal reclamation areas in Shenzhen,China

Coastal reclamation has been carried out along the coastal areas near Shenzhen, China in a large scale since 1980s by dumping fill materials over the marine mud at the sea bottom. Usually the area to be reclaimed is drained first and some of the mud is air-dried for a few weeks before it is buried by fill. After reclamation, the terrestrial groundwater, which is relatively acidic and with high dissolved oxygen, gradually displaces the seawater, which is alkaline with high salinity. The changes in the burial conditions of mud and the properties of the pore water in the mud may induce the release of some heavy metals into the mud. Field survey confirms that the pH and salinity of the groundwater in the reclamation site are much lower than the seawater. Chemical analyses of mud and groundwater samples collected from the reclamation sites reclaimed in different years indicate that most of the heavy metals in the mud decrease gradually with time, but the heavy metals in the groundwater are increased. The release of heavy metals into pore water due to reactivation of heavy metals in the mud is of environmental concern. To understand why some of the heavy metals can be released from the mud more easily than others, a sequential extraction method was used to study the operationally determined chemical forms of five heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Cd) in the mud samples. Heavy metals can be presented in five chemical forms: exchangeable, carbonate, Fe–Mn oxide, organic, and residual. Ni and Pb were mainly associated with the Fe–Mn oxide fraction and carbonate fraction; Zn was mainly associated with organic fraction and Fe–Mn oxide fraction, while Cu and Cd were associated with organic fraction and carbonate fraction, respectively. If the residual fraction can be considered as an inert phase of the metal that cannot be mobilized, it is the other four forms of heavy metal that cause the noticeable changes in the concentration of heavy metals in the mud. On the basis of the speciation of heavy metals, the mobility of metals have the following order: Pb (36.63%) > Cu (31.11%) > Zn (20.49%) > Ni (18.37%) > Cd (13.46%). The measured metal mobility fits reasonably well with the degree of concentration reduction of the metals with time of burial observed in the reclamation site.     

澳大利亚西澳州2004-2005年度矿产勘探综述

介绍了澳大利亚西澳州2004—2005年度金、镍、铁、钛、锆、金刚石矿床的勘探情况和取得的找矿成果。简述了2004—2005年度西澳州矿产勘探(包括石油勘探)消费支出、不同矿产品所占勘探支出的份额、钻探、矿山土地复垦及环境保护的情况。     

最小二乘法在土地复垦场平整中的应用

在满足土地复垦用途要求的前提下,设计场地平整参数,提高平整土方量计算精度。研究方法:采用最小二乘法。研究结果:用最小二乘法设计场地平整参数的法方程、土方量计算公式及其精度分析公式。研究结论:用最小二乘法进行场地平整参数设计及土方量计算,适用范围广,计算精度高,而且易于计算机实现。