Current status and ecological roles of Zostera marina after recovery from large-scale reclamation in the Nakdong River estuary,Korea

Large Zostera marina meadows (covering 13.6 km²) existed in the Nakdong River estuary on the south coast of Korea until the mid-1980s, but these Z. marina beds nearly disappeared due to reclamation of adjacent mud flats for the construction of a port and industrial complex during the late 1980s. Partial recovery of Z. marina meadows occurred recently, and Z. marina coverage of about 0.3 km² was observed in this estuary. In this study, shoot morphology, density, biomass, productivity, and tissue nutrient content were measured to evaluate the current status of the Z. marina meadows by comparing these data to those for persistent seagrass meadows in similar geographical areas. Additionally, we examined the ecological roles of Z. marina in this estuary after recovery from the large-scale disturbance. Shoot density (151 shoots m⁻²) and total biomass (141 g DW m⁻²) in the estuary were similar to those reported from other Z. marina meadows in Korea. Annual leaf production (1726 g DW m⁻² y⁻¹) was higher than generally observed for Z. marina in other geographical areas. These results imply that the existing Z. marina meadows in this estuary have adjusted to local environmental conditions that changed after large-scale reclamation. Estimated annual whole plant carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) incorporations based on shoot production and tissue C and N content were 810.0 g C m⁻² y⁻¹ and 59.7 g N m⁻² y⁻¹, respectively. These values were equivalent to 2.4 × 10⁵ kg C y⁻¹ and 1.8 × 10⁴ kg N y⁻¹ for all Z. marina beds in the Nakdong River estuary. This high C and N incorporation into Z. marina tissues suggests that existing Z. marina meadows play important roles in C and N cycles in this estuary. Although the currently existing Z. marina beds in this estuary are persisting and play an important ecological role, anthropogenic factors that cause seagrass declines still affect the estuary. Thus, effective management and monitoring of Z. marina beds and environmental factors are critical to protecting and conserving this invaluable component of the Nakdong River estuary.     

Analysis and Prediction of Influence Imposed on Jiaozhou Bay Tidal Currents and Tidal Energy of M_2 Tidal System by Jiaozhou Bay Reclamation

The 3-D ECOMSED ocean model was applied to establish a time-dependent boundary model for Jiaozhou Bay (JZB), in which the operator-splitting technique was used and the ‘dry and wet’ method was introduced. The influence caused by JZB reclamation on the surface level, residual currents, tidal system and tidal energy of M2 tidal system were predicted and analyzed. The results show that JZB reclamation has slight impact on the M2 tidal system, in which the variation of amplitude and phase is less than 1%.The ch...     

衍生化气相色谱-质谱法测定复垦土地样品中19种酚类污染物

近年来国家对自然环境的保护愈加重视,更多被破坏或污染的土地需要进行复垦整治.在评价效果时,需要检测酚类等多项污染物指标.采用气相色谱与气相色谱-质谱联用等方法对酚类化合物直接测定时,存在色谱响应值低、稳定性差、检出限高等问题.本文针对复垦土地样品基质复杂、干扰因素多、前处理困难等特点,对该类样品的提取与净化方法进行筛选...     

Sand barrier morphological evolution based on time series remote sensing images: a case study of Anhaiao,Pingtan

The morphological evolution of the sand barrier in the Anhaiao coastal zone of Pingtan from 1996 to 2018 was studied. Tidal correction was used to refine the location of the coastline. A standard deviation ellipse method was applied to further analyze the movement of the barrier head with the axis and rotation angle. A natural neighbor interpolation (NNI) method was carried out to calculate the terrain of the intertidal area, and the erosion and deposition characteristics were illustrated based on the terrain. The results showed that the northern part of the sand barrier facing the lagoon area was deposited over the whole studied period, while erosion has always occurred in the southern part of the sand barrier facing the open sea. The erosion and deposition were slightly different on both sides of the barrier head due to hydrodynamic turbulence. The middle sand barrier moved 102.60 m away from its original location in 1996, and the end of the barrier moved 65.45 m. The head of the sand barrier continued moving 379 m to the northwest. Consequently, the preliminary morphological evolution of the sand barrier corresponding to the distance and direction of movement was detected.     

拉格朗日拟序结构分析渤海湾岸线变化对物质输运的影响

科学评估围填海对海洋中物质输运的影响,对海洋环境保护和管理具有重要的意义。本文采用非结构网格有限体积海洋模型 （FVCOM） 模拟渤海湾 2004 年和 2018 年岸线变化前后水动力场,通过拉格朗日拟序结构的方法,评估岸线变化 对物质输运的影响。结果表明：岸线变化后,物质自近岸向湾内的扩散加强,且物质的输运通道和聚集区发生改变。曹妃甸附近原有清晰输运和聚集区域消失,物质向湾内输运;黄骅港阻碍了西部水体沿岸的南下路径,并在防沙堤顶部形成新的聚集区;渤海湾东南区域的物质输运通道向东延伸,输运能力加强,且聚集面积减小。     

江苏沿海滩涂围垦现状及其对环境的影响

江苏沿海滩涂土地资源丰富,围垦活动较为频繁,了解围垦状况及其对环境的影响具有重要的现实意义。通过对江苏沿海围垦资料的统计,分析了建国后江苏沿海滩涂围垦的特点、目的和差异,并将之分为4个阶段;讨论了江苏沿海滩涂围垦的地区分布是以盐城为中心的不平衡状况,分析了围垦对江苏沿海自然环境及经济发展的影响;预测了江苏沿海滩涂围垦的发展方向,提出条子泥等地区是江苏沿海滩涂未来围垦的潜力地区。     

长江口南汇咀岸滩围垦工程潮流数值模拟研究

南汇咀岸滩地处长江河口最大浑浊带,是长江河口淤涨速度最快的岸滩,是上海市规划围垦的重点区域。目前上海在南汇咀岸滩上已实施了围垦工程,围垦工程改变了长江口南汇岸线,也改变了南汇咀的水动力条件。为了解围垦工程实施后的水动力条件的变化,本文利用Delft3D-flow建立了长江口-杭州湾垂向平均的二维水动力模型,在对现场实测资料验证良好的基础上,对南汇咀海域围垦工程前后的潮流场进行了数值模拟,就围垦工程对周边海域的影响进行了分析研究。同时,对比南汇咀围垦前后的海图,采用GIS方法分析地形变化,利用地形变化来进一步验证海域的水动力变化。结果表明:工程后,杭州湾北岸流速增强,地形冲刷加剧;南汇东滩流速减弱,地形淤涨。     

近30a来胶州湾潮间带动态变化分析

本研究基于1984~2016年间的3个时期遥感影像及潮汐潮位资料,利用相同潮位对比法,分析了胶州湾潮间带的面积及质心的空间分布特征和动态演变规律.结果表明,近30a来胶州湾潮间带减少明显.1984~2001年潮间带面积减少了52.80 km~2,2001~2016年潮间带面积减少了8.10km~2.潮间带质心偏移最明显的区域为黄岛地区.1984~2001年该区域质心向东南方向偏移量达1 061.48 m;2001~2016年该区域质心向东北方向偏移达2 881.64 m.在不同时间段内,引起潮间带面积和质心变化的原因并不相同.1984~2001年潮间带面积的减少和潮间带质心位置的偏移主要是由海水养殖规模的扩大和盐田的建造引起的;而2001~2016年潮间带面积的减少和潮间带质心的偏移主要是由于盐田、养殖池废弃,代之以大规模的填海造陆活动引起的;除此之外,河口泥沙淤积、冲刷等现象也对潮间带面积的变化和潮间带质心位置的偏移产生了一定的影响.     

基于淤涨速率的潮滩围垦适宜性评价

潮滩既具有重要的生态服务功能,亦是潜在的土地资源。过去几十年来,中国沿海潮间带的开发以围垦为主要驱动力,表现为海岸线主体向海推进。随着围垦规模和速度加快加大,出现了一系列生态、环境及土地利用问题,因此对于围垦适宜性的研究具有现实意义。本文以浙江省为例,利用遥感技术首先获取了大陆海岸线阶段性变化特征。接着从地貌均衡的角度,依据潮滩垂向淤涨速率和垂直岸线的潮滩剖面形态估算适宜的潮滩围垦速率。最后,比较海岸线实际推进速率与估算所得的围垦适宜速率,进行围垦适宜性分级评价。研究表明,1985-2015年间,围垦活动是浙江省大陆海岸线向海推进的主要原因。从时间进程来看,1985-1995年浙江省大陆海岸线向海推进缓慢,受围垦活动影响较小;1995-2015年间围垦活动频繁,人工岸线比例增加较多。围垦适宜速率的估算显示,杭州湾南岸围垦1 km后所需恢复时间最短,围垦适宜速率为12.5～64.3 m/a,其次为象山港和台州湾,围垦适宜速率分别为2.0～38.3 m/a和6.0～22.2 m/a;三门湾和温州湾围垦后所需恢复时间最长,围垦适宜速率分别为1.2～18.5 m/a和1.7～3.8 m/a。基于潮滩淤涨速率的围垦适宜性评价表明,1985-2015年间,浙江省主要围垦区域中围垦速率过快的是三门湾的下洋涂、蛇蟠岛和温州湾岸段,围垦速率较快区域为杭州湾南岸庵东浅滩部分岸段和象山港的莼湖镇、涂茨镇岸段以及台州湾的南洋涂,围垦速率略快的是庵东浅滩以及台州湾的北洋涂,围垦速率适宜的岸段仅有象山港的高湖塘和蒲门村岸段。浙江省过去30年的围垦进程和岸线变化启示,围垦活动应充分考虑潮滩环境的地貌动力均衡和自然恢复潜力。     

矿山地质环境遥感监测方法初探

针对中国矿山地质环境监管的需求,分别就重要矿集区矿山地质环境监测、矿区滑坡危险性评估、矿区土地复垦可行性研 究、尾矿库监测与安全性评估4个目标提出了遥感监测与综合评价方法,为矿山地质环境监管提供了新的技术手段,能够进一 步加强中国矿山地质环境监管的时效性,并以此促进遥感技术在矿山地质环境监测中发挥更大的作用.