济宁市采煤塌陷地土地复垦工程水资源配置研究

由于采煤塌陷造成大面积耕地损毁,为恢复农业生产和改善生态环境,应实施采煤塌陷地土地复垦工程,而水资源配置是顺利实施复垦工程的重要前提。该文以济宁市采煤塌陷地土地复垦工程项目为例,分析了工程实施前后取水水源、用水量变化、水源配置和供需平衡,提出了"因地制宜、分质供水"的原则,为在其他采煤塌陷土地复垦区做好水资源保障提供了借鉴。     

Forest water use in the initial stages of reclamation in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region

Following large‐scale surface oil sands mining, large tracts of the boreal forest in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region of Western Canada are legally required to be reclaimed. A greater understanding of how these novel ecosystems function and develop with regard to water use is crucial to aid in the development of regulatory practices and protocols based on information from ecosystem recovery. In this paper, a 12‐year (2003–2014) eddy covariance measurement record of latent and sensible heat fluxes and gross ecosystem productivity of carbon dioxide is analysed to evaluate how a reclaimed boreal forest has developed during its initial growth period. The study site is a reclaimed oil sands saline‐sodic clay shale overburden deposit that was topped with 100 cm of glacial till and 20 cm of peat mineral mix. The site was seeded with barley (Hordeum spp.) in 2001 to reduce erosion of the soil cover whereas aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) boreal tree species were planted in 2004. Changes in structure and function corresponded to the transition of dominant vegetation cover from early successional species to forest. Leaf area index increased from a growing season peak of 0.9 in 2003 to 4.0 in 2014 and was associated with an increased growing season gross ecosystem productivity (4.9 to 8.9 g C m^?2 day^?1), an increased evapotranspiration (1.6 to 3.4 mm day^?1), and a decreased partitioning of energy to sensible heat (Bowen's ratio decreased from 1.1 to 0.4). Although canopy conductance increased throughout the 12 years, the shift from early successional species to trees with more conservative water use resulted in a decrease in conductance normalized by leaf area. Water use efficiency has increased slightly since 2008 with an average of 10.0 g CO₂ kg^?1 H₂O for the last 6 years. No prolonged dry periods were observed during the study period. The functioning of this novel ecosystem is evolving as expected on the basis of the trends observed for other natural and disturbed boreal forests.     

矿山生态环境的保护、预防及治理

分别对采矿项目可能造成的生态破坏从保护、预防、治理三个方面对矿山生态环境保护和污染防治,介绍了相关的法律法规,以及工作中的建议,着重介绍了有关土地复垦和景观重建方面的一些新思路.     

Ethnic politics and ambivalent imaginaries of the future at the Melaka Straits

This article examines the ambivalent relationship between members of the Portuguese-Melakan Kristang minority and the state from the 1940s to the present day through the lens of ethnic politics. It reveals how ambivalent imaginaries of the future have shaped the politics of community members and what strategies they have used to assert their place. Moreover, it analyses how partly contradictory, partly converging imaginaries of the future of the Melaka coastline fuelled the failure of the Melaka Gateway land reclamation project. Grounded in ethnographic fieldwork in Melaka in 2018 and 2019, it focuses on the Melaka Gateway, a large-scale land reclamation project located in the Melaka Straits where three man-made islands and one natural island with high-rise buildings, a cruise terminal and a deep sea port have been planned.     

矿区土地复垦与生态重建

随着矿产资源大量开采导致的土地资源破坏、景观破碎化和生态系统退化等生态问题日益突出,矿山土地复垦和生态重建越来越受到专家学者和政府部门的重视。运用文献资料法、归纳分析法和比较分析法,探讨土地复垦与生态重建的关系,总结国内外土地复垦与生态重建的发展,分析土地复垦与生态重建的土壤重构、地貌重塑、植被重建、景观再造、生物多样性重现和生态功能维持等关键技术;借鉴国外发达国家土地复垦与生态重建的经验,提出强化土地复垦与生态重建的关键技术研发、加强土地复垦与生态重建的学科发展、打造土地复垦与生态重建的技术创新平台、加强土地复垦与生态重建的配套政策制定等相关措施,以期促进矿区的社会经济和生态协调发展。     

莱芜市煤矿区土地复垦的现状及策略研究

在人地矛盾日益紧张的大环境下,土地后备资源的开发显得愈来愈重要。作为煤炭主产区的莱芜市,煤矿区的土地复垦还处在起步阶段。该文从分析莱芜市煤矿区土地复垦的现状入手,对今后莱芜市煤矿区的土地复垦提出了建议。     

象山港多年围填海工程对水动力影响的累积效应

由于土地资源开发和围塘养殖等需要,多年以来象山港实施了大量的围填海工程.单个的小面积围填海工程对海湾的影响并不大,但是在较长时间段内,多个围填海工程的累积效应却比较明显.本文在POM(Princeton Ocean Model)模型的基础上,利用动边界处理技术,针对1963,2003和2010年3个不同时期的岸线与地形...     

肥城煤田白庄煤矿土地复垦适宜性评价方法探讨

土地复垦适宜性评价是土地复垦方案编制过程中至关重要的环节,该文以白庄煤矿为例,在分析土地复垦相关因素的前提下,遵循一定的评价原则,制定了土地复垦适宜性评价的方法和步骤,并最终确定了复垦区各单元的复垦方向,对同类地区土地复垦方案的编制具有一定的参考价值。     

胜利油田土壤污染范围分析及复垦技术研究

通过实地采样和室内分析,对石油污染土壤的范围进行了研究。对土壤含油量指标与距离进行指数函数的拟合,经计算得到距油井周边160 m范围内是受石油污染的区域,160 m之外的土壤含油量可以认为低于临界值。并根据该数值,对东营市胜利油田10个采油厂的废弃工矿区进行计算,周边污染土壤可达到2025．67 hm2;此外,还对石油污染土壤的复垦技术进行了探讨;可以为东营市及其他类似区域土地整治过程中污染土壤的治理提供参考。     

海洋本体论及其视角下的南海海洋国土治理研究

长期以来海洋位于社会边缘,海洋治理不可避免地陷入陆地中心主义。本文在批判海洋国土治理背后的陆地本体及其领土化逻辑的基础上,将海洋重新概念化为体积空间与动态时间邂逅的四维时空,指出海洋具有多维性、流动性、非线性和非客体的特点,并以此构建了以体积国土、流动国土、能动国土为特征的海洋国土分析框架,进而将其运用于南海海洋国土治理的理论和政策认知,重构了长期桎梏于陆地规范的“时间、空间和运动”观念,回应了文化和政治地理学的新唯物主义取向。研究认为：① 在南海的体积管控上,岛礁扩建是有效的策略。岛礁扩建使体积海洋折叠为二维领土,以偏平化控制三维空间,改变了南海的地理和空间性质;② 在南海的流动性管控上,因海洋的流体、尺度和深度特征,以及法律边界模糊性,加剧了维护南海海上安全的复杂性,需要考虑与之匹配的管控非法流动性的监管策略;③ 在南海的能动管控上,需要关注渔民独特的生态伦理思想,海洋保护需要考虑不同本体间的对话和信息转译,使保护行为更加紧密地融入到本土社会文化情境中。本文为海洋国土治理提供了来自政治地理学的批判性视角,同时对人文地理学的人海关系研究亦是积极的推动。