Correcting Black Carbon Absorption Measurements with Micro-aethalometer Model 200: Insights from Comparative Analysis

Black carbon (BC) is the strongest visible-light-absorbing aerosol component in the atmosphere, with a sig-nificant impact on Earth’s radiative budget. Accurate measurement of BC light absorption is crucial for estimating its radiative effect. The micro-aethalometer model 200 (MA200) by AethLabs, USA, offers high-time-resolution measurement of the multi-wavelength absorption coefficient (σab) within 1 s, making it widely used in aerial measurement due to its compact size and light weight. However, the reliability of the measured σab has not been extensively studied in previous research. In this study, we evaluate the performance of MA200 by comparing σab measurements obtained from MA200 with those from the aethalometer model 33 (AE33) by Magee, USA. Our results revealed a significant variation in the determinant coefficient (R2 ) between σab measurements from MA200 and AE33, depending on the time resolution. The R2 increases from 0.1 to 0.5 and further to 0.97 as the time resolution of σab increases from 1 s to 30 s and 60 s, respectively. We recommend a minimum time resolution of 30 s for stable σab measurements using MA200. Moreover, we determine σab from attenuation coefficient (σATN) measured by MA200 as σab = (σATN – σ0)/CMA, where σ0 ranges from – 15.3 Mm–1 to – 6.4 Mm–1 and CMA ranges from 2.65 to 3.21. Correcting the measured σab based on the findings of this study can provide reliable results for estimating the radiative effects of BC.     

Chronology of Early to Mid-Pleistocene sediments in the northern North Sea: New evidence from amino acid and strontium isotope analyses

Sediments deposited during glacial-interglacial cycles through the Early to Mid-Pleistocene in the North Sea are chronologically poorly constrained. To contribute to the chronology of these units, amino acid racemization (AAR) and strontium (Sr) isotope analyses have been performed on samples from four shallow borings and one oil well along a transect in the northern North Sea. D/L Asp (aspartic acid) values obtained through reverse-phase liquid chromatography in the benthic foraminiferal species Elphidium excavatum is focused on because of consistent results and a good stratigraphic distribution of this benthic species. For the Early Pleistocene, an age model for the well 16/1–8, from the central part of the northern North Sea based on Sr ages allows for dating of the prograding wedges filling the pre-Quaternary central basin. A regional calibration curve for the racemization of Asp in Elphidium excavatum is developed using published ages of radiocarbon-dated samples and samples associated with the previously identified Bruhnes/Matuyama (B/M) paleomagnetic boundary and a Sr age from this study. Based on all the available geochronological evidence, samples were assigned to marine oxygen isotope stages (MIS) with uncertainties on the order of 10–70 ka.Sr ages suggest a hiatus of <2 million years (Ma) possibly due to non-deposition or low sedimentation between the Utsira Formation (Pliocene) and the Early Pleistocene. An increase in sedimentation rates around 1.5 ± 0.07 Ma (∼MIS 51) may partly be due to sediment supply from rivers from the south-east and partly due to the extension of ice sheet around 1.36 ± 0.07 Ma from the Norwegian coast to the central North Sea. A possible basin-wide glaciation occurred around 1.1 Ma (∼ MIS 32) (upper regional unconformity/top of unit Q4 in this study), resulting in erosion and regional unconformity. Two interglacials in the Norwegian Channel have been dated: the Radøy Interglacial to 1.07 ± 0.01 Ma (possibly MIS 31, the ‘super interglacial’), and the Norwegian Trench Interglacial to 0.50 ± 0.02 Ma (possibly MIS 13). A massive till unit identified at the same stratigraphic level in all shallow borings may partly represent an extensive MIS 12 glaciation. This study shows that the combined use of amino acid racemization data and Sr isotope chronology can refine the chronological ambiguities of Quaternary North Sea sediments related partly to the impact of glacial processes.     

与遥感发展同行——纪念《遥感学报》更名25周年

《环境遥感》杂志更名为《遥感学报》已有25个年头,25年来中国经济社会发生了根本性的变化,中国的遥感科技也经历了从弱到强的转变过程.《遥感学报》正是这一变革的参与者、见证者和同行者.本文首先论述了自《遥感学报》更名后国内外遥感科技发展的历史背景以及国际遥感科技发展方向性的重大改变,全球变化已成为遥感的重大研究课题.文中...     

北方盛夏台风暴雨的天气型及其年际变率

１９４９－１９９６年的４８个盛夏期间，我国北方地区共有１０次过程雨量最大值大于４００ｍｍ的台风暴雨实例。从台风与西风槽相互作用的观点对这１０例进行分类。根据实践经验可以把台风槽、可套西风槽、日本海渤海高压、上海地区８５０ｈＰａ东南风急流以及弱冷空气入侵台风等５因子作为分型的判据。结果指出，１０例中只有发生于１９５０、１９６３、１９７５、１９８４和１９９６年８月上旬的５例属于相互作用型，其他５例不是     

The Response of Anomalous Vertically Integrated Moisture Flux Patterns Related to Drought and Flood in Southern China to Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly

With the extreme drought (flood) event in southern China from July to August in 2022 (1999) as the research object, based on the comprehensive diagnosis and composite analysis on the anomalous drought and flood years from July to August in 1961-2022, it is found that there are significant differences in the characteristics of the vertically integrated moisture flux (VIMF) anomaly circulation pattern and the VIMF convergence (VIMFC) anomaly in southern China in drought and flood years, and the VIMFC, a physical quantity, can be regarded as an indicative physical factor for the "strong signal" of drought and flood in southern China. Specifically, in drought years, the VIMF anomaly in southern China is an anticyclonic circulation pattern and the divergence characteristics of the VIMFC are prominent, while those are opposite in flood years. Based on the SST anomaly in the typical draught year of 2022 in southern China and the SST deviation distribution characteristics of abnormal draught and flood years from 1961 to 2022, five SST high impact areas (i.e., the North Pacific Ocean, Northwest Pacific Ocean, Southwest Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and East Pacific Ocean) are selected via the correlation analysis of VIMFC and the global SST in the preceding months (May and June) and in the study period (July and August) in 1961-2022, and their contributions to drought and flood in southern China are quantified. Our study reveals not only the persistent anomalous variation of SST in the Pacific and the Indian Ocean but also its impact on the pattern of moisture transport. Furthermore, it can be discovered from the positive and negative phase fitting of SST that the SST composite flow field in high impact areas can exhibit two types of anomalous moisture transport structures that are opposite to each other, namely an anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation pattern anomaly in southern China and the coastal areas of east China. These two types of opposite anomalous moisture transport structures can not only drive the formation of drought (flood) in southern China but also exert its influence on the persistent development of the extreme weather.