X射线荧光光谱法测定锌铝硅合金中硅和铁

采用岛津MXF-2400型多道X荧光光谱仪测定锌铝硅合金中硅及铁的含量,对样品分析面进行了选择,考察了分析面光洁度、样品放置时间对测定的影响条件.方法样品前期处理简便,分析速度快,灵敏度高,硅和铁的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)分别为1.15%和0.44%.与其他方法对照,结果相符.     

氮、磷、铁、硅对简单双眉藻生长的影响

用单因子对比实验和正交实验的方法研究了氮、磷、铁和硅对简单双眉藻生长的影响。结果表明:简单双眉藻对于硝酸钠和尿素均能很好地利用,其相对生长常数无显著差异,对柠檬酸铁和三氯化铁的利用亦无显著差异,FeC6H5O7-Fe的适宜浓度为0.1～0.5mg/L;Na2SiO3-Si的适宜浓度为0.8～1.6mg/L。正交实验表明,简单双眉藻氮、磷、铁、硅的最佳浓度(mg/L)配比为6.6∶0.66∶0.1∶0.4。     

西秦岭大桥金矿硅质岩硅氧同位素特征及成因探讨

西秦岭大桥金矿床位于岷县-宕昌和舟曲-成县大断裂之间,金矿体赋存于三叠系下部灰岩、泥质板岩岩性不整合界面处的硅质角砾岩中。硅质角砾岩呈似层状、板状和透镜状产出,倾向于断裂带分布两侧,矿石构造以角砾状、被膜状、皮壳状、细脉-网脉状、孔隙状构造为主。矿石矿物主要为黄铁矿、白铁矿、磁黄铁矿、毒砂、闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿,蚀变以硅化、绢云母、方解石为主,矿化元素组合为Au、Sb、Ag、As、Hg、W。利用氧同位素地质温度计估算的硅质岩形成温度为142~218℃,硅质岩δ30Si值为-0.7‰~0.4‰,δ18O为12.8‰~17.9‰,与热水-热泉华型金矿床地质特征及同位素特征一致。综合研究认为,大桥金矿硅质岩为热水-热泉形成,硅质角砾岩是在断裂带的周期性破裂-自封闭条件下,由流体超压引发的岩石破裂形成。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定铝矾土中的硅

通过对照硅在热解石墨管、涂钼及涂钨石墨管中的原子化行为,选用涂钼石墨管和Ｌａ做基体改进剂,石墨炉原子吸收法测定铝矾土中的硅。经铝矾土管理样分析验证,方法可靠。实际样品分析结果与重量法和钼蓝法相符,对质量分数ｗ（ＳｉＯ２）在４％水平的铝矾土进行分析（ｎ＝５）,其ＲＳＤ在１２％～１７％。     

黔北瓜德鲁普世—乐平世转换时期大规模成硅事件硅质来源厘定

联合古陆(Pangea)大陆边缘及泛大洋和古特提斯洋的广大地区在二叠纪时期出现大规模硅质富集事件,被称之为"全球二叠纪硅质沉积事件".黔北遵义地区二叠纪瓜德鲁普世—乐平世转换时期成硅事件为该事件重要组成部分,呈现出"白泥塘层"层状炭硅质灰岩、层状硅质岩和硅质条带或燧石结核三种不同类型硅质富集岩石.遵义地区硅质来源的研究能够深入认识全球性"二叠纪硅质沉积事件",同时为研究该时期遵义盆地的结构和演化提供了重要窗口,对遵义锰矿成矿作用也有重要指示意义.文中采用岩石学和地球化学方法并通过硅同位素的协同指示意义对硅质来源进行厘定,并对硅质岩成因与沉积环境进行归纳总结,在研究区建立系统完整的硅质富集沉积体系.实验测试结果显示:"白泥塘层"炭硅质灰岩中δ30Si值介于–0.09~ –0.67之间,层状硅质岩中δ30Si值介于0.03~1.47之间.结合主、微量元素特征和岩石学特征表明:"白泥塘层"炭硅质灰岩形成于深水盆地缺氧还原环境,硅质来源于海底热液,沉积中心位于热液喷口的附近,沉积过程中受陆源硅质输入影响显著.层状硅质岩形成于浅海台地正常沉积氧化环境,硅质来源于海底热液,沉积远离热液喷口,热液沿构造裂隙通道经过了一定的迁移距离,与茅口组浅海台地相正常沉积的块状-厚层状灰岩发生交代作用,从而形成硅质岩;硅质条带或结核形成于浅海台地正常沉积氧化环境,硅质主要来源于海底热液,沉积过程中有陆源硅质的输入,由长时间多期次的海底热液喷流作用带来的硅质迁移至盆地外围浅海台地形成.     

210Pb in the ocean: A pilot tracer for modeling particle reactive elements

We discuss the basic requirements for a successful modeling of²¹⁰Pb in the ocean as a test tracer for at least other lead isotopes, but also of other elements that behave similarly to lead. With the aid of realistic models of the oceanic circulation and the major biogeochemical cycles in it, the result is a dynamically consistent model of lead cycling that reproduces observed profiles within 10%.     

浙江遂昌治岭头金银矿床硅同位素研究

通过对浙江遂昌治岭头金银矿床的硅同位素组成特征研究,得出以下结论：（１）不同成因类型金矿床（化）中载金石英的δ（＾３０Ｓｉ）值具有一定的差异,其中变质热液型金矿化中的弱黄铁矿含金石英脉的δ（＾３０Ｓｉ）值为－０．１‰,叠加成因的硅化蚀变岩型和石英脉型第一成矿阶段的δ（＾３０Ｓｉ）值为－０．２‰,岩浆热液型含金石英脉为－０．４‰;（２）不同成因类型的围岩中石英的δ（＾３０Ｓｉ）值,差异也十分明显,其     

同位素示踪技术在地质研究中的某些应用

文中介绍了同位素示踪技术的基本原理,回顾了利用氢氧同位素示踪成矿溶液来源,研究水岩反应所取得的重要成果和最新进展;提出水岩相互作用是一个连续的演化过程,可分三个阶段,不同阶段的交换温度、水／岩比及体系的平衡、封闭情况是不一样的。以太古宙条带状硅铁建造为例,介绍了硅同位素示踪技术的新进展,证明了太古宙条带状硅铁建造为海底喷气成因,条带状构造与海底热液的周期性喷发有关。文中还介绍了氦同位素在示踪幔源组份方面的最新进展,指出我国东部油气区天然气中的氦、氩、二氧化碳等有相当一部分来自地幔;根据太平洋中部多金属结核的氦同位素组成和分布特征,提出成矿物质主要来源于海底热液活动,结核的一个圈层可能代表了一次大的海底热液活动。     

Factors affecting seasonality of lithogenic and biogenic particle flux in a large estuarine ecosystem

Seasonal patterns of vertical flux over two years (2001–2003) at two stations in the Bras d'Or Lakes, a large estuary in Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, were determined using aluminum and organic carbon in settled particles collected in moored traps to calculate lithogenic (terrigenous) and marine biogenic fractions. On an annual basis, lithogenic material comprised 53% and 81% of dry weight and 48% and 66% of organic carbon in settled particles at the deep- (128 m) and shallow-water (41 m) locations, respectively. Peaks in runoff, inferred from rain and snowfall precipitation, ice cover and possible horizontal transport of resuspended sediment coincided with maximum sedimentation rates of lithogenic material during unstratified periods between October and March. Biological factors correlated with phytoplankton and ice algal primary production and seasonal changes in zooplankton grazing inferred from phaeopigments controlled biogenic particle fluxes under stratified conditions between June and September and during winter. Year-to-year variations in deposition of lithogenic and marine biogenic material depended on seasonal differences in stratification, precipitation, freeze/melt conditions and the extent of ice cover.     

The Western North Pacific Playing a Key Role in Global Biogeochemical Fluxes

The oceanic biogeochemical fluxes in the North Pacific, especially its northwestern part, are discussed to prove their importance on a global scale. First, the air-sea exchange processes of chemical substances are considered quantitatively. The topics discussed are sea salt particles transported to land, sporadic transport of soil dust to the ocean and its role in the marine ecosystem, the larger gas transfer velocity of CO₂ indicating the effect of bubbles, and DMS and greenhouse gases other than CO₂. Next, chemical tracers are utilized to reveal the water circulation systems in the region, which are the Pacific Deep Water including its vertical eddy diffusivity, the North Pacific Intermediate Water and the Japan Sea Deep Water. Thirdly, the particulate transport process of chemical substances through the water column is clarified by analyzing the distribution of insoluble radionuclides and the results obtained from sediment trap experiments. Fourthly, the northern North Pacific is characterized by stating the site decomposing organic matter and Si playing a key role in the marine ecosystem. Both are induced by the upwelled Pacific Deep Water. Fifthly, the oceanic CO₂ system related to global warming is presented by clarifying the distribution of anthropogenic CO₂ in the western North Pacific, and roles of the upwelled Pacific Deep Water and the continental shelf zone in the absorption of atmospheric CO₂. Finally, Mn and other chemical substances in sediments are discussed as recorders of the early diagenesis and indicators of low biological productivity during glacial ages in the northwestern North Pacific. It is concluded that the western North Pacific is characterized mainly by the Pacific Deep Water bringing nutrients to the northern North Pacific, located at the exit of the global deep water circulation and, therefore, the region plays a key role in the global biogeochemical fluxes. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.