煤矿近水平定向钻孔测斜技术

在进行煤矿近水平钻孔的测量时，对于测斜仪的选型及输送方法都有别于垂直钻孔。以ZJS-1型钻孔监测系统和CQ-1A型单点测斜仪为例，介绍了煤矿近水平孔测斜技术。     

Depositional Record of Tidal-Flat Sedimentation in the Permian Coal Measures of Central India: Barakar Formation, Mohpani Coalfield, Satpura Gondwana Basin

The Permian Barakar Formation in the Mohpani coalfield, Satpura Gondwana basin, is composed of three broad lithologies that occur repetitively and are iterdigitated: (1) several metres thick coarse- to medium-grained sandstone bodies with scoured bases, (2) 5-20 m thick medium- to fine-grained sandstone bodies and (3) 5-20 m thick mudstone-dominated packages with variable proportions of centimetre- to decimetre-scale, fine- to medium-grained sandstone, carbonaceous shale and coal. The Barakar strata were previously interpreted as deposits of braided rivers and associated inter-channel flood basin in a continental setting. However, this study recognizes signatures of tidal current from the mudstone-dominated packages implying marine influence during Barakar sedimentation.

The mudstone-dominated sediment bodies are the focus of this paper and comprise of three lithofacies that bear imprints of tidal processes during Barakar sedimentation: (1) heterolith, (2) sandstone, and (3) coal-carbonaceous shale, which alternate with one another within individual bodies. The heterolithic facies show interlayering of sandstone and claystone resembling flaser, wavy and lenticular bedding, as well as pinstripe stratification. Successive sandstone-mudstone couplets indicate periodic waxing and waning of flows. Within individual heterolithic packages, the sandstone:claystone ratio along with the bedding style, varies cyclically upwards giving rise to alternate sandstone-dominated and claystone-dominated intervals suggesting tidal velocity fluctuation reflective of spring-neap lunar cycle. Thickness plots of successive sand-mud couplets also reveal cyclic variation with a conspicuous periodicity of around 12 couplets per cycle, which corroborates the spring-neap-spring (or neap-spring-neap) lunar cycle. Presence of abundant desiccation cracks indicates periodic emergence and points towards an intertidal setting. The sandstone facies is characterized by a variety of wave-generated features such as bundled and chevron upbuilding of lamina, bi-directional foreset orientations, offshooting and draping laminae, scour-and-drape feature, swollen lens-like geometries suggesting their emplacement under storm-induced combined-flow on the tidal-flat. The coal-carbonaceous shale facies represent supratidal marsh environment.     

利用高铁砂岩质煤矸石制备瓷质砖的研究

以湖北黄石高铁砂岩质煤矸石为主要原料，进行了制备瓷质砖的实验研究，并对不同配方、不同烧成温度瓷坯的吸水率、断裂模数等进行了测试分析。各项性能指标的综合分析表明，产品的吸水率低于0．3％，断裂模数高于35MPa，符合国家有关质量标准，颜色呈浅红-暗红-紫砂系列，其中煤矸石最高配比可达80％。     

大型化综放开采煤层注水方案及参数确定

强调在大型化综放开采煤层中开设抬高中间巷进行煤层注水，其注水效率高，可一巷多用，防灾效果全面。结合算例，用有限元数值模拟方法模拟了在厚煤层中注水的过程，得到最小湿润范围准则为煤层厚度的1．5倍。分析了综放开采煤层注水工艺参数中注水压力、时间和钻孔间距与湿润范围的动态变化关系，给出了选取合理的注水工艺参数的方法。指出在大型化综放开采进行煤层注水，湿润时间充裕，同时，考虑到压裂并软化煤体，应采用较高的压力注水，此时，钻孔间距可扩大至35m。     

煤与瓦斯突出预报的模糊聚类相似分析法

影响煤与瓦斯突出的因素多数是定性的或是模糊相似，采用模糊聚类分析方法对煤炭与瓦斯突出程度进行分析，建立模糊模式；应用模糊相似选择原理进行评价，以模糊模式为评价对象，以待预报样本为参考对象，根据模糊模式与以待预报样本的相似程度进行预测预报。哪一模式与预报样本最相近，等待预报样本即属于那一突出类型。采用模糊聚类及模糊相似原理2种方法结合分析预测，不仅克服了模糊聚类单一分析方法的不确定性，使定性预报转为定量预报，而且提高了预报效果的准确程度。实例分析表明，这是预报煤与瓦斯突出危险程度的一种较好的方法。     

An investigation on dewatering kinetics of ultrafine coal

Ultrafine coal dewatering is of great importance to the coal industry due to its impacts on the handling and utilization characteristics of coal products. Commercially available filtration techniques are either ineffective or costly for dewatering of ultrafine coal to the desired moisture level of about 20%. Considerable efforts have been devoted to understanding the dewatering process and developing new technologies for applications in the coal industry. Most of the previous work on ultrafine coal filtration was focused on the final filter cake moisture and few studies have been conducted to investigate the filtration kinetics. The present investigation was undertaken to better understand the kinetics of vacuum filtration of ultrafine coal under various conditions. The filtrate weight was continuously monitored using a precise load cell during the entire filtration process. Operating parameters such as vacuum pressure and reagent conditioning time were examined for their impacts on filtration kinetics. Use of cationic and anionic flocculants showed significant improvement in filtration kinetics. Kinetic data obtained from the study were used to determine the fundamental parameters of filtration such as cake permeability, specific cake resistance, and filter medium resistance using the integrated form of the Darcy's law.     

生油煤形成的环境制约

通过对不同沉积环境下形成煤系源岩生烃潜力的对比研究，揭示出成煤古环境对煤成烃生成具有控制作用，并根据煤系源岩中赋存大分子有机质裂解产物分子的组成特征，提出了识别有利成烃煤相的分子有机地球化学方法——氢指数-苯酚/辛烷图解判识法。结果表明，沼泽环境覆水越深，煤中有机质富氢程度越高，生油气性能越好，裂解产物表现为正构烷烃和正构烯烃相对含量增加，以低本酚/辛烷值和高氢指数为特征；反之，沼泽环境覆水越浅，煤中有机质氢含量越低，裂解产物以高含量酚类化合物和芳香烃为特征，生油气性能关。由此表明，覆水型沼泽应是煤在烃，特别是煤成油生成的有利相带。     

中国西南煤中的稀土元素

在对西南地区各含煤时代煤中稀土元素含量测试的基础上,结合煤田地质特征,分析了煤中稀土元素分布特征及分布模式,讨论了稀土元素的主要赋存状态。研究区煤中的稀土元素含量较高,为13.53～810.94ppm;稀土元素的赋存状态主要以独立矿物的形式存在。     

煤、气一体化开采煤层气方法的探讨

我国煤层气资源量为31.46×1012m3,开发煤层气具有重要的意义。本文在系统地分析我国煤层气藏低压、低渗、低饱和及构造煤发育等主要特点的基础上,指出了阻碍我国煤层气开发的主要因素是煤储层的低渗透率,针对我国煤层气藏特点提出了充分利用采动影响区的应力场释放开发煤层气的煤、气一体化开发方案。     

陕北侏罗纪煤田煤厚解释方法研究及应用效果

陕北侏罗纪煤田煤层厚度变化范围大(0～14m),而其调谐厚度为8m,故以往基于薄层理论的煤厚解释方法对其不完全适用。本次研究选用的九种参数的物理含义,并且通过楔型模型正演,得出不同参数适用于不同煤厚度变化范围,以便于对于不同地区有针对性地选用合适的参数来解释煤厚。文章还介绍了模型正演程序及反演程序的结构和流程,并介绍了其主要功能。最后用煤厚反演程序对大保当区实际资料进行了煤厚预测,其结果经钻孔验证,精度较高。