黄河北煤田10号煤煤层气储层物性及特征研究

煤层气是一种备受国家重视和开发利用的非常规清洁能源,煤层气储层物性的研究对煤层气资源的评价与开发具有重要意义。以黄河北煤田煤层气开发资料为基础,结合区域地质特征,应用煤层气地质理论对煤田内10号煤煤层气储层物性特征进行了研究。研究发现:10号煤层宏观煤岩类型以半亮煤为主,煤中有机显微组分以镜质组为主,无机显微组分以黏土为主;煤的变质程度比较高,整体进入成熟阶段;10号煤层储层孔裂隙发育、渗透率较低;10煤层对甲烷的吸附能力较强;10号煤层储层压力为2.16~4.20MPa,压力梯度为0.418~0.797MPa/100m,为低压储层至常压储层;黄河北煤田呈单斜构造,10号煤层埋藏深度较深,含水性较好,有利于煤层气保存。     

沁水煤田15号煤中氟的赋存状态及其沉积环境分析

氟是煤中有害元素之一,燃煤型氟排放造成的污染已经对人类的健康安全构成威胁。研究煤中氟赋存状态及其沉积环境,对掌握高氟煤分布规律及控制燃煤造成的氟排放具有重要意义。通过对沁水煤田内6座煤矿15号煤样品的分析发现:煤中氟含量与灰分显著相关,与黄铁矿硫、有机硫无相关关系,表明煤中氟主要以无机物形式赋存,且与含硫矿物无关;与钾、镁、硅、铝等元素含量具有显著的相关关系,表明氟有可能的主要赋存形式为金云母、氟金云母等矿物,以及以吸附存在于高岭石、勃姆石、伊蒙混层等黏土矿物中;与钙、磷元素含量无显著相关性,表明氟不以氟磷灰石、含氟羟基磷灰石等矿物大量赋存。此外,通过对沁水煤田15号煤的沉积环境分析发现,弱还原环境、较低盐度、偏酸性、较强的水动力条件有利于该区域煤中氟的富集。     

煤炭地质勘查产业转型发展的思考与探讨

煤炭地质勘查工作关系国家能源安全,在国民经济发展中具有重要的战略地位。伴随煤炭行业绿色转型和新能源革命新形势,及时调整产业结构,向大地质、大资源、大生态方向拓展服务领域,为国家生态文明建设和煤炭产业绿色安全高效发展提供坚实的地质技术保障,成为煤炭地质勘查产业转型发展必然趋势和未来发展方向。结合煤田地质勘查工作发展历程及现状、发展趋势,对煤炭地质勘查产业转型发展方向进行深入剖析和探讨。     

Quantitative characterization of different coal rank reservoirs permeability based on NMR and X-CT technology

With the increasing development of coalbed methane (CBM) field, the quantitative characterization and evaluation of coal reservoir physical properties is becoming more and more important to CBM scale development. In order to solve the limitations of conventional methods for testing coal reservoir physical properties, the authors used the high-tech technologies such as nuclear magnetic resonance technology and CT scanning technology to effectively solve the problems of in-situ and integrity of rock samples and acquire the porosity and permeability. Nuclear magnetic resonance and CT scanning experiments of coal samples were carried out to rapidly obtain the pore type, pore size distribution and connectivity, effective porosity, spatial distribution of pore fissures and other refined coal reservoir physical parameters, based on the samples of middle and low rank coal in Shenfu block and high rank coal in Shizhuangnan block. So a set of quantitative characterization analysis technology that can be applied to coal reservoirs with different coal rank was formed.     

中国西北侏罗纪煤系显微组分生烃潜力、产物地球化学特征及其意义

从吐哈盆地侏罗纪煤中分离富集了藻类体、孢子体、角质体、镜质体、基质镜质体和丝质体6种主要显微组分,进行了热解及热模拟实验,并对各显微组分热模拟生成的产物热解油进行了碳同位素组成等分析。各显微组分热解生烃潜力及其热解产物热解油的碳同位素组成表明,煤系有机质中藻类体的生油潜力最高,生成的液态烃类的碳同位素组成最轻;孢子体、角质体等陆源富氢组分生烃潜力低于藻类体,生成的液态烃类的碳同位素组成重于藻类体生成的液态烃类,与煤系含油气盆地中原油的碳同位素组成基本一致。这些富氢显微组分应该是煤系有机质中主要的生油显微组分。镜质体和基质镜质体的生油潜力相对较低,其生成的液态烃类的碳同位素组成比一般煤系原油重得多,而且这些组分本身对液态烃具有较强的吸附力,尽管其在煤系有机质中所占的比例很大,仍然难以成为生成液态石油的主要显微组分,只能在高成熟演化阶段成为良好的生气显微组分。丝质体等惰性组分生烃潜力极低,不可能成为生油组分。此外,结合原煤的显微组分组成、生烃潜力和元素分析,提出仅仅以壳质组的含量高低来评价煤的生烃潜力不完全可靠,热解是经济、快速、有效的评价方法。     

石煤钒矿成分分析标准物质的研制

石煤钒矿资源的开发和合理利用需要对其成分进行准确的分析测试和质量控制.目前,国内外尚未有石煤钒矿成分分析的标准物质,现有钒成分分析标准物质无论是其五氧化二钒含量,还是定值成分都无法满足我国对石煤钒矿勘查、开发和研究需要.本文对采自湖北省崇阳县小源冲钒矿、湖南省芷江县牛牯坪钒矿、湖南省古丈县岩头寨钒矿和湖南省凤凰县黑冲钒...     

中国内蒙古下白垩统白彦华群胜利组的首个同位素年龄

由于丰富的煤炭资源,内蒙古的下白垩统地层具有重要的经济价值.但长期以来相关地层一直缺乏同位素测年研究,影响了区域地层对比工作的开展.本文对内蒙古锡林浩特下白垩统胜利组煤层夹层中的火山灰锆石应用LA-ICP-MS进行U-Pb法测年,结果显示胜利组5煤(层)和6煤(层)形成于大约109-107 Ma(早白垩世阿尔布期).这...     

Modelling the Shimokita deep coalbed biosphere over deep geological time: Starvation,stimulation, material balance and population models

Basin models can simulate geological, geochemical and geophysical processes and potentially also the deep biosphere, starting from a burial curve, assuming a thermal history and utilizing other experimentally obtained data. Here, we apply basin modelling techniques to model cell abundances within the deep coalbed biosphere off Shimokita Peninsula, Japan, drilled during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 337. Two approaches were used to simulate the deep coalbed biosphere: (a) In the first approach, the deep biosphere was modelled using a material balance approach that treats the deep biosphere as a carbon reservoir, in which fluxes are governed by temperature-controlled metabolic processes that retain carbon via cell-growth and cell-repair and pass it back via cell-damaging reactions. (b) In the second approach, the deep biosphere was modelled as a microbial community with a temperature-controlled growth ratio and carrying capacity (a limit on the size of the deep biosphere) modulated by diagenetic-processes. In all cases, the biosphere in the coalbeds and adjacent habitat are best modelled as a carbon-limited community undergoing starvation because labile sedimentary organic matter is no longer present and petroleum generation is yet to occur. This state of starvation was represented by the conversion of organic carbon to authigenic carbonate and the formation of kerogen. The potential for the biosphere to be stimulated by the generation of carbon-dioxide from the coal during its transition from brown to sub-bituminous coal was evaluated and a net thickness of 20 m of lignite was found sufficient to support an order of magnitude greater number of cells within a low-total organic carbon (TOC) horizon. By comparison, the stimulation of microbial populations in a coalbed or high-TOC horizon would be harder to detect because the increase in population size would be proportionally very small.     

载波/多普勒平滑伪距在Android手机中的定位实现

针对Android手机GNSS伪距定位精度较低的问题,利用手机端观测信息,通过载波相位/多普勒平滑伪距改善手机端伪距观测值的质量,从而达到提高定位精度的效果。首先给出了Android手机GNSS原始观测量的获取方法,然后推导了载波相位平滑伪距和多普勒平滑伪距算法模型,并设计合理有效的试验对算法的精度进行评定。试验结果表明：在手机端静态定位中载波相位和多普勒平滑算法均可提高原始伪距的定位精度,且多普勒平滑算法表现更优;在手机端动态定位中多普勒平滑算法可获得比原始伪距更优的定位精度,但是载波相位平滑算法较原始伪距更差;由于硬件的制约手机端周跳和信号失锁严重,占比超过50%,载波相位在手机端的可用性较低;多普勒平滑算法的最优平滑时间常数小于等于10 s,具有实时动态定位的巨大潜力。     

激光钻进煤岩技术的研究进展

激光钻进技术是一种极具潜力的创新技术,也是钻探领域的研究热点。作为一种非接触式钻进技术,对破碎松软岩层扰动破坏小,将激光钻进应用于煤层气定向钻进中可发挥出非常明显的优势。梳理和总结了激光用于煤岩钻进的成孔机制、钻进效果的影响因素。在激光钻进过程中,激光与煤岩相互作用伴随着复杂的理化作用,指出激光钻进煤岩主要的成孔机制是烧蚀成孔。从激光参数、岩石性质、外部环境等方面阐述了影响激光钻进煤岩效果的因素,论述了激光钻进用于煤岩这一特定钻进对象的特殊现象和问题,指出煤岩在激光照射下,组分的挥发、热解、升华、烧结和氧化构成了煤岩在高温下主要的热烧蚀机制。从钻进机理、工艺、装置等方面着手,建议加强激光钻进煤岩的多物理场耦合作用机制、钻进工艺、钻进装置研制等适应性研究,为激光用于煤岩的高质高效钻进研究提供参考。