北京云蒙山浅色花岗岩脉及韧性剪切变形的地球化学特征

对云蒙山地区的花岗岩、糜棱岩化花岗岩及周围太古宙花岗片麻岩中的浅色花岗岩脉的主要及稀土元素地球化学研究结果表明：与未糜棱岩化花岗岩相比，浅色花岗岩脉具有较低的LREE和P2O5含量及（La／Gd）N比值，Sm／Nd比值较高，而剪切应变岩石的LREE相对富集；糜棱岩化花岗岩具有近平行于未糜棱岩化花岗岩的稀土元素配分模式；浅色花岗岩脉BH-2-5和BH-2-6具有和未糜棱岩化花岗岩相似的重稀土元素配分模式；浅色花岗岩脉BH-2-3的稀土元素配分模式和所有分析的样品都不一样，推断BH-2-3有可能是古老变质岩部分熔融的产物。在部分熔融过程中，诸如独居石这样的富含轻稀土元素的副矿物以残留体的形式出现，不参与部分熔融，导致BH-2-3具有很低的LREE和P2O5含量及高达0．4122的Sm／Nd比值。而其他两条浅色花岗岩脉有可能是云蒙山花岗岩后期岩浆分异的产物，随分异程度的增强和富含轻稀土元素的副矿物的分离结晶作用，导致最后岩浆的SiO2增高、LREE含量减少及Sm／Nd比值发生变化。     

利用重力资料检测日本9.0级地震激发的地球自由振荡

利用格尔木基准地震台重力观测资料,检测到2011年3月11日日本东海岸9.0级特大地震激发0S0 ～0S40之间的球型自由振荡,其中有0S0、0S13、0S22、0S26、0S30共5个振型的观测频率值与理论频率值偏差近似为0.同时发现0S2、0S3振型有明显的谱线分裂现象,但是0S32、0S37振型未与周围噪音区分开,观测效果不明显.整体平均偏差约为0.10％,观测频率值与理论频率值有很好的相符,这不但说明了PREM模型理论的正确性,也说明了格尔木基准地震台重力资料质量的优良,研究结果对了解地球内部结构有一定的帮助.     

广西大宁花岗闪长岩体中暗色微粒包体的地球化学及成因模式

本文通过对广西大宁花岗闪长岩体及其中的暗色微粒包体的岩石学、微量元素及稀土元素地球化学、Rb—Sr同位素及微量元素初始比值等研究,认为该岩体中的暗色微粒包体属于幔源物质,同时提出了包体与主体花岗岩成因的上地幔—地壳相互作用模式,强调了花岗岩浆形成过程中系统的开放性及上地幔基性岩浆参与的重要性。     

Experimental investigation of three-dimensional earth pressure according to aspect ratio of retaining wall

The purpose of this study is to investigate the scale and load distribution of three-dimensional active earth pressure and the load transferred to the adjacent soil by changing the aspect ratio of a retaining wall through a series of model tests. In this research, 42 earth pressure plates of different heights and widths were installed to evaluate the earth pressures by considering the wall aspect ratio and the change of earth pressure. The test results showed that the active earth pressures were uniformly converged when the percentage of limit displacement against wall height was 0.12%. The distribution of active earth pressure on the wall showed a parabola shape for most aspect ratios while the wedge shape identified by the model test was similar to the shell-shaped model. In this paper, two diagrams were proposed regarding the active earth pressure according to the aspect ratio of a retaining wall; (1) a diagram of earth pressure conversion against the aspect ratio based on evaluated three-dimensional active earth pressures with traditional two-dimensional earth pressures, (2) a load transfer diagram based on the horizontal distance by analyzing the horizontal and vertical load transfer ranges with the relevant increasing rates.     

Origins of yttrium and rare earth element distributions in metamorphic garnet

Highly variable distributions of yttrium and rare earth elements (Y+REEs) are documented in pelitic garnet from the Picuris Mountains, New Mexico, and from Passo del Sole, Switzerland, and in mafic garnet from the Franciscan Complex, California. The wide variety of these Y+REE zoning patterns, and those described previously in other occurrences, imply diverse origins linked to differing degrees of mobility of these elements through the intergranular medium during garnet growth. In the Picuris Mountains, large, early‐nucleating crystals have radial profiles of Y+REE dominated by central peaks and annular maxima, in patterns that vary systematically with atomic number. Superimposed on these features are narrow spikes in HREEs and MREEs, located progressively rimward with decreasing atomic number. In contrast, profiles in small, late‐nucleating crystals contain only broad central maxima for all Y+REEs. In garnet from Passo del Sole, Y+REE zoning varies radically from sample to sample: in some rocks, crystals of all sizes display only central peaks for all Y+REEs; in others, profiles exhibit irregular fluctuations in Y+REE contents that match up with small‐scale patchy zoning in Y and Ca X‐ray maps. In the Franciscan Complex, Y+REE in garnet cores fluctuate unsystematically, but mantles and rims display concentric oscillatory zoning for both major elements and Y+REEs. Our interpretation of the complexity of Y+REE distributions in metamorphic garnet centres on the concept that these distributions vary primarily in response to the length scales over which these elements can equilibrate during garnet growth. Very short length scales of equilibration, due to low intergranular mobility, produce overprint zoning characterized by small‐scale irregularities. Higher but still restricted mobility yields diffusion‐controlled uptake, characterized by patterns of central peaks and annular maxima that vary with atomic number and are strongly influenced by T–t paths during garnet growth. Still greater mobility permits progressively greater, potentially rock‐wide, equilibration with major‐ and accessory‐phase assemblages, leading to mineralogical controls: an unchanging mineral assemblage during garnet growth produces bell‐shaped profiles resembling those produced by Rayleigh fractionation, whereas changes in major‐ and/or accessory‐phase assemblages produce profiles with distinct annuli and sharp discontinuities in concentration. The very high mobility associated with influxes of Y+REE‐bearing fluids can cause these element distributions to be dominated by factors external to the rock, yielding profiles characterized by abrupt shifts or oscillations that are not correlated to changes in mineral assemblages.     

Relationship between light rare earth deposits and mantle processes in Panxi rift, China

Many light rare earth deposits, such as Maoniuping, Dalucao, Panzhihua deposits, are collectively distributed in Panxi rift of Sichuan Province, China, and closely associated with the aegirine quartz syenite-carbonatite complex. Carbon and oxygen isotope studies demonstrate that the carbonatites in the complex are of typical igneous origin related to mantle processes. Electronic microprobe studies show that the fluid-melt inclusions found in the complex are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE), which suggests that the magma was rich in LREE and could serve as the ore source for the regional LREE mineralization. Both the aegirine quartz syenite-carbonatite complex and the LREE mineralization found therein were derived from the mantle. The rare gas isotope analyses also support that there is a genetic association between the LREE mineralization and mantle processes.     

利用积谱研究气压对SGC053超导重力仪的影响

利用中国地震局武汉九峰地震台SGC053超导重力仪超过13 000小时的重力固体潮和气压观测数据进行相关分析和积谱分析。结果表明：重力残差信号主要是由气压变化引起的,相关分析的气压导纳值为-3.116 nms ^-2/mbar;气压导纳值和频率之间具有依赖性,气压导纳绝对值频率依赖方程为y=7.036x+2.524;利用固定气压导纳值和导纳值频率依赖的方程进行气压改正结果几乎一致,相差不超过±(1~2) nms^-2_。     

基于地理定位的星载InSAR去平地效应方法

介绍了一种基于地理定位原理的方法。试验结果表明，该方法可以有效的实现去平地效应处理。     

搜索简单土坡潜在滑动面的一种新方法

圆弧条分法是分析土坡稳定性的一种简单而有效的方法,但在确定潜在滑动面时较为繁琐,需反复试算。在圆弧条分法的基础上,将匀质简单土坡的稳定安全系数转化为一个一元函数,求稳定系数的极小值及其所对应的滑动圆弧的位置,由此可以快速搜索到最危险滑动面,并得到相应的稳定系数。     

边坡堆积体锚索防腐及注浆工艺探讨

通过在海南石碌铁矿采场边坡地质灾害治理工程施工实例,探讨在堆积体预应力锚索防腐及注浆工艺的施工方法。为今后在堆积体锚索防腐及注浆的施工提供参考。