金川矿区尾矿库排水对地下水水质影响：现状及预测分析

处于甘肃河西干旱区的金川公司在生产过程中产生了大量含有重金属离子的工业废水、废渣,废水排放会对地下水水质产生影响,其重金属离子会对人体有危害.重点对尾矿库排水对当地地下水水质影响进行了研究分析,对库区地下水污染现状进行了调查.绘制了尾矿库排水影响区的地下水中Ni、Cu、Zn和Cr四种主要元素平面分布等值线图,分析了重金属离子污染来源;通过建立物理、数学模型,对尾矿排出废水中主要污染物(Ni、As、Cu、Cr、Cd、SO24-等组分)分布进行了模拟预测,对各类污染物可能造成的危害进行了分析,建议加强地下水质监测和处理排放.     

东太湖钻孔揭示的重金属污染历史

2009年在东太湖运用重力采样器采集得到岩芯钻孔(DJZ和DQG)。运用核素210Pb和137Cs对沉积物钻孔进行定年,同时分析了沉积物金属元素,并研究近代东太湖重金属污染以及人类活动对其的影响。本文运用Fe元素作为粒度的代用指标对重金属进行标准化,并获取了重金属富集系数和人为污染的重金属通量。研究表明,除了钻孔的表层样以外,东太湖DQG和DJZ钻孔的Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr和Ni的富集系数都不超过2,并且Cr、Ni的富集系数接近1。结果表明最近几十年来的重金属铅、铜、锌在不断富集,尤其是在20世纪70年代以来。20世纪70年代至90年代,东太湖来源于人为污染的Pb、Zn、Cu的通量维持在一定的水平,90年代以来,东太湖来源于人为污染的Pb、Zn、Cu的通量在不断增加,这与区域污染工业类型及经济发展阶段相吻合。东太湖2000s初以来Pb通量特别是人为污染的Pb的通量出现下降,这可能部分与含铅汽油的禁用有关,另外也与该阶段流域工业结构的调整有关。     

Types,features, and prospecting potential for Mesozoic metal ore deposits in Zhejiang Province,southeast China

The geotectonic units of Zhejiang Province include the Yangtze Plate in the northwest juxtaposed against the South China fold system in the southeast along the Jiangshan–Shaoxing fault. The South China fold system is further divided into the Chencai–Suichang uplift belt and the Wenzhou–Linhai geotectogene belt, whose boundary is the Yuyao–Lishui fault. The corresponding metallogenic belts are the Mo–Au(–Pb–Zn–Cu) metallogenic belt in northwest Zhejiang, the Chencai–Suichang Au–Ag–Pb–Zn–Mo metallogenic belt, and the coastal Ag–Pb–Zn–Mo–Au metallogenic belt. The main Mesozoic metal ore deposits include epithermal Au–Ag(Ag), hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn(Cu), and porphyry–skarn-type Mo and vein-type Mo deposits. These ore bodies are related to the Mesozoic volcanic-intrusive structure: the epithermal Au–Ag(Ag) deposits are represented by the Zhilingtou Au–Ag deposit and Houan Ag deposit and their veins are controlled by volcanic structure; the hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn deposits are represented by the Dalingkou Ag–Pb–Zn deposit and also controlled by volcanic structure; and the porphyry–skarn-type Mo deposits are represented by the Tongcun Mo deposit and the vein-type Mo deposits are represented by the Shipingchuan Mo deposit, all of which are related to granite porphyries. These metal ore deposits have close spatio-temporal relationships with each other; both the epithermal Au–Ag(Ag) deposits and the hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn deposits exhibit vertical zonations of the metallic elements and form a Mo–Pb–Zn–Au–Ag metallogenetic system. These Jurassic–Cretaceous deposits may be products of tectonic-volcanic-intrusive magmatic activities during the westward subduction of the Pacific Plate. Favourable metallogenetic conditions and breakthroughs in the recent prospecting show that there is great resource potential for porphyry-type deposits (Mo, Cu) in Zhejiang Province.     

The Mazarrón basin,SE Spain: a study of mineralization processes,evolving magmatic series,and geothermal activity

The Miocene to Present Mazarrón basin provides a window on the metallogenic role of an evolving magmatic series. High-K calc–alkaline magmas gave rise to an important cluster of Pb–Zn–Ag–Cu vein and stockwork deposits emplaced in dacitic to rhyodacitic domes, part of a complex volcanic–metallogenic province (Au, Hg, Pb–Zn–Cu–Ag, Sn) stretching for ～150 km along the Mediterranean coast of SE Spain. By Pliocene time the former magmatic series had been replaced by intraplate alkaline basaltic volcanism, thus becoming the southern branch of the Western/Central Europe alkaline province. In terms of base metal sulphide deposits, this European province is barren, although it triggered widespread, CO₂-rich geothermal activity. Modern geothermal activity at El Saladillo (Mazarrón) resulted in the deposition of carbonate sinter deposits and formation of microbial mats. Proximal facies consist of millimetric to centimetric multicoloured layers of microbial mats, including yellow-orange thin bands of calcified bacteria and mineral growths of aragonite and calcite; green layers of live thermophilic Lyngbya-type cyanobacteria; black, degraded organic matter; and pyrite as the sole sulphide phase. Except for arsenic (37–63 μg g^?1), all of the studied trace elements (Ag, Ba, Bi, Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb, Se, and Sn) appear in remarkably low concentrations in the geothermal sinters. This is consistent with compositional data for the El Saladillo waters, with no significant metal concentrations. We present the first conceptual model (Miocene to Present) for the ore-forming processes, magmatism, CO₂ degasification, and geothermal activity for this realm. We argue that the time- and space-limited character of this volcanism (small, scattered outcrops), the deep magma emplacement level, the metal sulphide behaviour in alkaline basaltic magmatic chambers, and the dry character of these magmas prevented any metallogenic interaction between the chambers and the much shallower meteoric waters that drove the El Saladillo geothermal system and others of the same kind in Spain and elsewhere in Europe.     

Melt and fluid inclusion evidence for a genetic relationship between magmatism in the Shuangliao volcanic field and inorganic CO2 gas reservoirs in the southern Songliao Basin,China

We have studied melt and fluid inclusions in minerals from alkali basalts, mantle xenoliths, and dawsonite-bearing sandstones from the Shuangliao volcanic field in southern Songliao Basin, Northeast China. The inclusions have been investigated using petrographic, geochemical, and laser Raman spectroscopic techniques. Volcanic rocks of the Shuangliao field are predominantly alkali olivine basalts that contain rare mantle xenoliths. Silicate melt and fluid inclusions are common in both olivine phenocrysts and the mantle xenoliths. The fluid inclusions are mainly composed of CO₂ with small amounts of CO, CH₄, N₂, and H₂O, which is consistent with an upper mantle origin. CO₂ gas reservoirs in the southern Songliao Basin are mostly derived from a mantle–magmatic source. Coeval fluid-inclusion homogenization temperatures, coupled with the thermal burial history, show that the CO₂ gas reservoirs in the southern Songliao Basin are Cenozoic (40–63 Ma) and coeval with the magmatism in the Shuangliao volcanic field. Despite the relatively small scale of this volcanic activity, it released large amounts of CO₂. Much of the magma was not erupted, and CO₂- and H₂O-rich magma was probably intruded into the basin along deep faults, acting as a major source of inorganic CO₂ gas in the southern Songliao Basin.     

Geochronology and geochemistry of the Cambrian (~518 Ma) Chagantaolegai ophiolite in northern West Junggar (NW China): constraints on spatiotemporal characteristics of the Chingiz–Tarbagatai megazone

The Chingiz–Tarbagatai megazone is a well-known early Palaeozoic unit in eastern Kazakhstan that extends into northern West Junggar along the Tarbagatai–Xiemisitai–Sharbuti Mountains. Here, we report new geochronological and geochemical data for the Chagantaolegai ophiolite, discovered in the south Xiemisitai Mountains, north of the Heshituoluogai Valley in West Junggar. The laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry zircon U–Pb ages of a gabbro in the Chagantaolegai ophiolite are 517 ± 3 and 519 ± 3 Ma, corresponding to the early to middle Cambrian. Serpentinized peridotites in the ophiolite show low rare earth element (REE) abundances (0.61–0.94 μg/g) and slight loss of middle REEs. Chagantaolegai metagabbro samples have flat to very slightly depleted patterns in light REEs, with a narrow range of REE abundances. The Chagantaolegai spilites and metagabbros display similar flat patterns, which show a geochemical signature similar to mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) between Yb and Zr, and diverge from MORB towards the most incompatible elements in MORB-normalized multi-element diagrams. The Th/Yb vs. Nb/Yb diagram for the spilite samples also suggests a mid-ocean ridge (MOR) setting. To summarize, all the geochemical characteristics of the Chagantaolegai ophiolite point to MOR ophiolite. The positive ε_Nd(t) values (0.78 to +9.85) suggest that the gabbros and spilites were derived from a depleted mantle source with chemical inhomogeneity. The Chagantaolegai ophiolite spatiotemporal characteristics correlate well with the Kujibai and Hongguleleng ophiolites in the northern part of West Junggar, and the Zhaur and Balkybek ophiolites in eastern Kazakhstan. These data show that early Palaeozoic oceanic crust started to develop in the early to middle Cambrian in northern West Junggar. Stratigraphic correlations also suggest that the South Saur Fault and an inferred fault buried in the Heshituoluogai depression are the northern and southern boundary of the Chingiz–Tarbagatai megazone, respectively.     

云南羊拉铜矿床矿物组成、地球化学特征及其地质意义

云南羊拉铜矿床位于金沙江构造带中部,是三江地区一个十分典型的大型铜矿床。羊拉铜矿床的金属矿物为黄铜矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、方铅矿、自然铋、辉铋矿、毒砂、辉砷钴矿、辉钼矿等,根据金属矿物的共生组合,推测羊拉铜矿床为中高温热液矿床。羊拉铜矿床与羊拉花岗闪长岩体具有密切的成因联系,通过对羊拉铜矿床铜矿石稀土元素、微量元素的分布特征和羊拉花岗闪长岩的对比及S、Pb同位素组成的研究,表明成矿物质主要来源于地幔,部分来源于岩浆。早二叠世晚期金沙江洋盆向西俯冲形成了一系列逆断层。同时,金沙江洋盆向西低角度俯冲导致下地壳部分熔融,引发大规模的火山岩浆作用。在晚三叠世早期,构造背景由挤压环境到伸展环境的转折期,这些逆断层具有张性的特点,为后期的成矿热液提供了有利的容矿构造。持续上升的岩浆为地幔楔内的成矿流体提供了通道,岩浆内的部分成矿流体进入羊拉花岗闪长岩体附近的逆断层富集成矿。     

时域多时宽双极性脉冲电磁感应地雷探测系统的设计和实现

基于电磁感应原理的金属探测技术在探雷领域一直都占有主导地位。介绍了脉冲式电磁感应的基本原理,并在此基础上提出了一种基于时域多时宽双极性脉冲电磁感应的金属探测方法,同时给出了部分实验结果。该方法不仅保留了传统的电磁感应金属探测方法的高灵敏度特性,同时又具有良好的土壤抑制特性,可适用于不同的探测环境,是地雷探测技术一个新的发展。     

甘肃省白银市区土壤环境质量评价

对白银市区土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg的分布、存在形式和在水体中的含量进行分析,认为该区土壤、水体已受到Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg等重金属污染.按国家土壤环境质量标准,白银市土壤中Cd的环境质量均未达到Ⅰ级标准,Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级污染面积占研究区面积的82.39％,污染比较严重;Hg、Pb、Zn、Cu的Ⅲ级及其以上污染区面积分别占研究区的7.35％、5.59％、14.67％、5.71％.通过2000年与2007年白银市土壤重金属元素背景值对比发现,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg的污染增速明显,并有逐渐扩大的趋势.对Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg的成因来源进行了初步探讨,认为有色金属冶炼、加工和重化工是主要污染源,其次为燃煤、生活垃圾及汽车尾气排放.     

含稀土磷矿石捕收剂研究进展

文章在介绍当前含稀土磷矿石综合利用现状的基础上,总结了近年来国内外含稀土磷矿浮选捕收剂的研究进展,并指出了今后含稀土磷矿石捕收剂的研发趋势。