The Cambrian metamorphic history of Tasmania: The Metapelites

The metamorphic complexes of Tasmania formed during the Cambrian (ca 510 Ma) as a result of rapid compression in a subduction zone setting followed by rapid exhumation, which brought various fault-bounded metamorphic complexes back to the surface in less than 5 Ma. The two highest grade complexes, the Franklin Metamorphic Complex, and the Port Davey Metamorphic Complex, experienced initial growth of metamorphic garnets at ～560°C, ～0.56 GPa. However, their subsequent metamorphic histories diverge, with the FMC displaying a marked increase in pressure (to 1.4 GPa at peak P/T), while the PDMC shows only a slight increase in pressure (to ～0.7 GPa). Both complexes show only a minor increase in temperature (～100°C) between initial garnet growth and peak metamorphic conditions. Rapid exhumation of these complexes can be accounted for by a slab-breakoff model. However, the difference in peak pressure between these complexes requires either continued subduction of the FMC while the PDMC had already begun its return towards the surface or that the subduction zone geometry resulted in significantly different pressures occurring contemporaneously within portions of the channel, which are not far removed from one another.     

Real-time seismology for the 05/12/2008 Wenchuan earthquake of China: A retrospective view

The devastating 05/12/2008 Wenchuan earthquake (M_w7.9) in Sichuan Province of China showed very few precursory phenomena and occurred on a fault system once assigned to be of moderate long term seismic risk. Given the existing coverage of seismograph stations in Sichuan Province, real-time seismology could have been effective in avoiding some earthquake damage and helping post-earthquake emergency response. In a retrospective view, we demonstrated that the epicenter can be located with 20 km accuracy using just two broadband stations with three-component, which takes only about 10 s after the onset of the earthquake. Initial magnitude is estimated to be M7 with the Tc measurement over first 4 seconds of P waves. Better magnitude estimate can be obtained within 2 min by modeling Pnl waves for stations about 500 km away where the S waveforms are clipped. The rupture area is well revealed by teleseismically-recorded >M5 early aftershocks within two hours after the mainshock. Within a few hours, teleseismic body waves were inverted to derive a more detailed rupture process and the finite fault model can be readily used to calculate ground motions, thus providing vital information for rescue efforts in the case where no real-time strong motion records are available. Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-YW-116-1) and National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2006BAC03B00)     

长江漫滩低路堤基底浅层固化层工作性状数值分析

低路堤可以节约不可再生的土地资源, 浅层固化处置是低路堤软基处理科学、经济的方法。采用现场孔隙水压力静力触探（CPTU）对长江河漫滩相典型非均质性天然沉积软土层进行原位试验。应用二维有限差分方法对平面应变条件路堤荷载作用下有无浅层固化层的软土地基固结排水与沉降进行了仿真模拟,并应用三维有限差分方法对路面车辆重载作用下有无浅层固化层的路基及基底变形进行了三维数值仿真。结果表明：地基浅层固化层的设置改变了地基应力场的分布,通过应力扩散作用减小地基土体的附加应力,进而减小了地基土体的沉降量。基底固化层通过增强路基基底的刚度来增强路基的整体刚度,减小路基的变形,提高路基整体稳定性。     

港湾深槽骤淤的条件探讨

深槽骤淤指深槽底部在特定条件下产生的快速淤积,通常以浮泥形式出现.综合分析杭州湾、三门湾和象山港的地形地貌、水文泥沙及深槽固定剖面风暴前后或大、小潮期间的地形变化得出港湾深槽产生骤淤的基本条件:(1)有丰富的细颗粒物质的供应源;(2)迅速衰减的动力条件;(3)存在明显的负地形.三个条件必须同时得到满足,深槽才能产生骤淤.杭州湾泥沙来源丰富,终年悬沙浓度高,东试挖槽附近受长江冲淡水次级锋面和钱塘江冲淡水锋面影响较大,因此在一个大小潮周期内水动力条件减弱时挖槽处可产生骤淤.三门湾泥沙来源较丰富,正常天气的年份内潮滩处于缓慢淤积状态,而深槽处于冲淤基本平衡状态,但在风暴等灾害性天气下发生强烈的滩、槽泥沙交换,若风暴后处于中小潮汛期则深槽发生骤淤.象山港由于环境隐蔽,水清沙少,沿岸潮滩狭窄,缺少骤淤的物源,即使风暴作用后鹰龙山深槽也没有产生骤淤.     

高分子材料固化滨海盐渍土的强度与微结构研究

高分子材料SH固土剂与生石灰粉共同固化滨海盐渍土具有很高的抗压强度、抗拉强度和水稳性。由于SH固土剂对土颗粒的包裹作用及在土颗粒间和孔隙内形成的丝网状联接结构,使得固化土的强度和水稳性较单一石灰固化土提高很多,正弦波压缩疲劳作用降低了固化土的抗压强度。在一定的荷载值及幅值条件下,随疲劳次数的增加,抗压强度下降。30×103疲劳次数是强度下降的另一个起始点。固化土的微结构形貌照片显示,SH固土剂在两周固化龄期时形成了稳固的丝网状联接结构,四周龄期时结构已相当稳定。浸水后丝网状联接结构依然存在,表明SH固土剂的固化反应具有不可逆性。     

渤中坳陷超压-构造活动联控型流体流动与油气快速成藏

渤中坳陷是东营组沉积期及其之后渤海湾盆地沉降-沉积速率最高的地区, 亦是晚期断裂活动最强烈的地区.较高的沉降-沉积速率产生了重要的成藏物质效应: (1) 持续的较快速沉降-沉积使东营组发育较深湖-深湖相泥岩并成熟, 从而使渤中坳陷发育沙河街组和东营组2套有效源岩; (2) 较高的沉降-沉积速率引起的压实不均衡及伴生的源岩快速生烃引起较强的超压, 超压对有机质热演化的抑制作用使沙河街组源岩生、排烃滞后, 从而使沙河街组和东营组在晚期同时保持在较有利的生、排油阶段, 这是渤中坳陷油气资源丰富和油气晚期快速成藏的物质基础.较强的超压和强烈的断裂活动决定了超压-构造活动联控型流体流动, 进而决定了油气幕式快速成藏过程和油气分布: 油气主要富集于新近系, 新构造运动控制油气分布      

城市快速轨道交通走出地面的思考

自世界上拥有第一条地铁以来,人们对城市快速轨道地上线特别是高架线存在着偏见,主要是在对城市环境和城市景观影响方面。文中从快速轨道的高架线对城市环境和景观方面的影响进行分析,阐明了城市快速轨道走出地面不仅仅是由于经济方面的原因,其对城市环境的影响可以控制在人们接受的水平,其高架线路也可以对城市景观起到强化的作用,城市快速轨道走出地面节省建设资金有利于快速轨道交通网络的形成,对解决城市交通问题和改善城     

涨潮急流引发断桩的分析

河口水动力因素复杂,涨潮急流造成施工困难,引发断桩事故,应该引起工程界的足够重视,本文进行了流速实测资料分析和基桩动力特性的计算,得出的结论,可供有关河口及近海工程建设时参考。     

Cloning and characterization of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase encoding gene inGracilaria/Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase （GAPDH） plays important roles in various cellular processes. A cytosolic GAPDH encoding gene （gpd） of Gracilaria/Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis was cloned and characterized. Deduced amino acid sequence of the enzyme of G. lemaneiformis had high homology with those of seven red algae. The 5＇-untranslated regions of the GAPDHs encoding genes of these red algae varied greatly. GAPDHs of these red algae shared the highly conserved glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase active site ASCTTNCL. However, such active site of Cyanidium caldarium was different from those of the other six algae at the last two residues （CL to LF）, thus the spatial structure of its GAPDH active center may be different from those of the other six. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that GAPDH of G. lemaneiformis might have undergone an evolution similar to those of Porphyra yezoensis, Chondrus crispus, and Gracilaria verrucosa. C. caldarium had a closer evolutionary relationship with Cyanidioschyzon merolae than with Cyanidium sp. Virtual Northern blot analysis revealed that gpd of G. lemaneiformis expressed constitutively, which suggested that it might be house-keeping and could be adapted as an inner control in gene expression analysis of G. lemaneiformis.     

南海西部浮游有孔虫记录的MIS 3期表层海洋环境变化

对南海西部越南岸外上升流区17954-2站浮游有孔虫属种组合变化、浮游有孔虫氧同位素、AMS14C测年的分析以及浮游有孔虫表层海水温度、温跃层转换函数的研究结果表明:在MIS3期,南海西部表层海水温度大体呈现暖-冷-暖的变化趋势;温跃层深度由浅到深阶段性变化;短时间尺度上温度与温跃层发生幅度较大的快速变化。暖事件（IS）对应于浮游有孔虫暖水种、混合层属种含量的增加,冷水种、温跃层属种含量的减少以及冬夏SST的升高;冷事件则与之相反。表层海水生产力亦大致呈现3个阶段（61～51ka,51～42ka和42～32ka）的变化,在千年尺度的快速气候事件中,暖事件对应浮游有孔虫生产力属种含量降低,冷事件对应升高。此外,在MIS3内部分暖事件（IS6和IS11～13）表现出表层海水温度降低,温跃层深度变浅和表层海水生产力升高的状况,表明该区此时上升流的存在,其形成原因推测是由于东亚夏季风加强的结果。