Large scale failure of the external waste dump at the “South Field” lignite mine, Northern Greece

This paper presents the failure process of the external waste dump of the South Field Mine, the major open pit mine in Greece. The waste materials of the mine were deposited in three phases, forming an average inclination slope 10% and a total height of 110 m from the ground surface. The failure occurred when the third phase of the deposit was initiated. The high moisture content of the waste materials and their deposition over a spring, choking its flow, had as a result the development of high pore water pressure in clayey and marly materials in the base of the deposit. As a consequence, a large scale slope failure incident occurred. The landslide involved the mobilization of waste material in the order of 40 Mm³, while the material that moved outside the boundaries of the waste dump was in the order of 2.5 Mm³. The stability of the waste dump was investigated using the limit equilibrium analysis and different types of models.Limit equilibrium analyses were performed using different methods and considering the clay layer of small shear resistance that exists in the base of the deposit. They do not indicate activation of failure mechanism, only that there is a combination of high pore water pressure that developed in the deposit because the covering of the spring with the clayey materials of the dump.     

高放废物地质处置库花岗岩体预选研究

简要介绍了应用遥感技术结合地质研究,优选高放废物地质处置库花岗岩体的思路和方法。以北山外围地区为例,通过遥感数据处理,遥感影像解译,岩体地质特征分析,岩体预选准则的建立,在野外勘查的基础上,预选了若干有利的花岗岩体。为优选高放废物地质处置库场址提供决策依据。     

基于卷积神经网络与条件随机场方法提取乡镇非正规固体废弃物

随着村镇经济建设发展,生活垃圾和工业固体废弃物造成的污染问题日益突出,已经成为制约新农村建设发展和生态文明建设的关键问题,而目前针对乡镇非正规固体废弃物的调查与统计主要依赖全国各乡镇相关部门逐级调查上报,工作量较大。本文基于高分辨率遥感影像,将深度学习模型和条件随机场模型相结合引入到乡镇固体废弃物的提取研究中,探索一种基于深度卷积神经网络的乡镇固体废弃物提取模型。由于固体废弃物在影像上表现为面积小,分布破碎等特点,为了提高工作效率,将模型特分为识别和提取2个部分：① 通过全连接卷积网络（CNN）对固体废弃物进行快速识别判断,筛选感兴趣区域影像块;② 在传统的全卷积神经网络(FCN)的基础上加入条件随机场模型(CRF)提取固体废弃物边界,提高整体分割精度。根据安徽、山西等地区相关部门上报固体废弃物堆放点以及住房与城乡建设部城乡规划管理中心进行野外检查的结果,实验最终识别精度达到86.87%以上;形状提取精度为89.84%,Kappa系数为0.7851,识别与提取精度均优于传统分类方法。同时,该方法已经逐步应用于住房和城乡建设部有关成都、兰州、河北等部分乡镇非正规固体废弃物的核查工作,取得了较为满意的结果。     

某核废物填埋区土壤对Sr吸附的动态模拟实验研究

目前,我国处理极低放废物采用的是就近地质填埋的方法,通过选择合适的吸附材料及添加剂,建立人工屏障,以最大限度地阻滞核素进入与人类生活有关的自然环境中。这里通过研究某地土壤对Sr的吸附,做了动态模拟试验,建立了动态模型,进行不同高度柱体的对比实验。经实验表明：填埋区土壤TY29＋1％人造沸石作为填埋场屏障材料,可营造“碱性～还原”氛围,对阻滞Sr迁移非常有效。不同高度柱体对比实验表明：当柱高度之比为1：2：3,C／C0=0．5时,其累计输出的流量之比为1：1．96：2．16,平均渗透系数分别为：0．62、0．52、0．54。由此可见,随高度增加,吸附性能呈增高的趋势,且柱体渗透性降低。在柱体吸附一段时间后,三个柱的吸附能力都出现了减小的突越,这与在吸附过程中前期为物理吸附进行的较快,后期为化学吸附进行的较慢有关。     

新型土体固化剂加固海底淤泥力学特性研究

海底淤泥具有特殊的土性特点,其固化研究尚处于起步阶段。GS固化剂是一种以工业固废为主要原料的适用于软土加固的绿色固化材料。本文开展了GS固化剂加固海底淤泥的应用研究。以香港某工程海底淤泥为加固对象,对比分析了GS固化剂和水泥的掺量、龄期对固化土无侧限抗压强度的影响。研究结果表明,相比于普通水泥,GS固化土的早期强度更高、强度增长更快,强度提高比在2.03~2.91。同时,建立了回归模型,提出了GS固化剂加固海底淤泥的强度预测方法。研究成果有助于指导工业固废的资源化处置和建筑行业绿色发展。     

煤炭产业经济走势及煤炭企业对策研究

煤基固体废弃物的清洁利用是矿区生态建设亟待解决的问题,重金属的结构形态是煤基固废清洁利用的关键。以安徽淮南矿区潘一矿煤矸石、粉煤灰为研究对象,利用XRF、XRD、SEM和FTIR等微区方法对煤基固废进行表征分析,探讨其精细化学结构及重金属嵌布方式,并结合RAC(Risk Assessment Code)生态风险评价对重金属潜在风险进行评估。结果表明,煤矸石主要粒径以黏粒(0~5 μm)和粗粉砂(10~50 μm)为主,粒度不规则,空间分布间距较大,主要矿物为石英(SiO₂),IR谱线辅助验证了AlO₄和SiO₄的弯曲振动。粉煤灰粒径以粗粉砂(10~50 μm)和砂砾石(50~250 μm)为主,表面以球状包裹体和多孔颗粒组成,粒径大小不一,主要矿物相是莫来石(Al₆Si₂O₁₃),IR谱线发现其存在有机硅Si-O-Si对称伸缩和反对称伸缩。煤矸石中Ni、Pb以有机结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态为主,Cr、Cd、As的赋存形态主要是残渣态;粉煤灰中As主要以残渣态和有机结合态存在,其余重金属元素均以残渣态存在。RAC生态风险评价结果表明,煤矸石和粉煤灰中Cr、As属于低风险水平,其余重金属均无风险。研究结果对煤基固废资源化利用及矿区生态环境保护具有重要的现实意义。

     

Estimating Climate-Change Impacts on Colorado Plateau Snowpack Using Downscaling Methods

This study develops observed climate-based downscaling transfer functions that are used with general circulation model (GCM) output to assess potential global-change impacts on Upper Colorado Plateau, USA, water resources. Daily automated snow water equivalent stations are used with 700 mb atmospheric circulation to determine empirical transfer functions. Downscaling methodologies using multiple regression and neural networks are evaluated, with the neural network results explaining approximately 70%of the daily snowfall variance. The neural network-based transfer functions are used with the GENESIS GCM to simulate snowfall characteristics in both a 1xCO₂ and a 2xCO₂ climate. While the total precipitation simulated by the 2xCO₂ analysis remains nearly the same as today, less will fall as snow; specifically, snow water equivalence shows significant reduction (except in the Green River Basin) as the snow season is reduced by 58 days on average.     

Ground magnetic survey of a municipal solid waste landfill: pilot study in Argentina

This paper shows the results of a ground magnetic survey carried out to study solid waste landfills. The area located southward of Gualeguaychú town was chosen as a pilot case. This zone was selected considering the available knowledge about the cessation of operations, and the interest of the local authorities in verifying the existence of anomalies indicative of possible dangerous pollutants. The total magnetic field was measured along six profiles, and the corresponding anomalies were calculated. The profiles were modelled in 2.5 D, and along them Eulers deconvolution was used to estimate the depth to the sources. The first and the second derivatives of the residual magnetic field were calculated, in order to sharpen the anomalies. Our interpretation suggests that the characteristics of the modelled bodies and the magnitudes of the detected anomalies do not indicate the presence of drums in the sanitary infill.     

高放废物地质处置北山预选区旧井和新场花岗岩填隙方解石同位素地球化学

为了探讨高放废物地质处置甘肃北山预选区旧井和新场预选地段的古地下流体来源、成因、化学演化历史以及水-岩相互作用,文章系统研究了该地段花岗岩填隙方解石的产出特征及其碳、氧、锶同位素的组成特征。测试结果表明,旧井和新场方解石的δ13 C组成均较稳定且为负值(分别为-11.6‰~-5.7‰和-9.9‰~-5.1‰);δ18 O分别为-0.7‰~19.7‰和10.9‰~21.9‰,旧井方解石具有更宽的δ18 O取值范围。87 Sr/86 Sr也略有差异,旧井为0.708584~0.718749,新场为0.708838~0.732967,二者随深度增加而呈明显的降低趋势。研究表明,北山预选区地下流体来源及成因较复杂,浅部地下水受大气降水的影响较大,深部流体则主要源于地下咸水,为低温流体蚀变成因。花岗岩裂隙中的水-岩反应强度总体较弱,地下水环境相对稳定。相比较而言,新场岩体深部的地球化学环境更稳定,更有利于高放废物的长期处置。     

城市固体废弃物填埋场的岩土工程问题

论述了国内外城市卫生填埋场相关的岩土工程问题及其研究现状,包括卫生填埋场填埋体物理力学性质、卫生填埋场的防渗系统和边坡稳定等一系列岩土工程问题,在此基础上初步探讨了我国城市卫生填埋场相关岩土工程问题的发展前景。