论γ射线的点放射源和非点放射源的辐射研究

本文讨论点放射源和非点放射源的辐射，为简化理论模型，暂不考虑二次γ射线，只讨论点源和线源和柱状源的辐射，本文的讨论有助于工业ＣＴ的设计及系统的优化。     

利用铀矿床进行天然类似物研究

天然类似物研究是国际上新兴起的一门边缘科学。本文结合我国实际情况，综述研究的意义以及我国开展这项研究的有利条件、课题优选和具体开发内容。     

Environmental Properties of Minerals and Contaminants Purified by the Mineralogical Method

The investigation of the environmental properties of minerals, i.e., environmental mineralogy, is a branch of science dealing with interactions between natural minerals and spheres of the Earth surface as well as a reflection of global change, prevention of ecological destruction, participation in biomineralogy, and remediation of environmental pollution. Pollutant treatment by natural minerals is based on the natural law and reflects natural self-purification functions in the inorganic world, similar to that of the organic world - a biological treatment. A series of case studies related to natural self-purification, which were mostly completed by our group, are discussed in this paper. In natural cryptomelane there is a larger pseudotetragonal tunnel than that formed by [MnO6] octahedral double chains, with an aperture of 0.462-0.466 nm2, filled with K cations. Cryptomelane might be a real naturally-occurring mineral of the active octahedral molecular sieve (OMS-2). CrⅥ-bearing wastewater can be treate     

废弃放射源贮存池的综合地球物理勘查

采用综合地球物理勘查技术,包括高精度磁测、高密度电法和地质雷达(GPR)对某处遗留于地下的铅封放射源进行了系统探查,对所获得的各类异常数据进行了分析处理,并指出了放射源所在的具体空间位置.开挖验证结果与解释结果完全吻合,显示了地球物理勘查技术在环境调查中具有快速、准确和非破坏性的优势.     

Characteristics, threats and opportunities of landfill scavenging: The case of Gaborone-Botswana

In Gaborone, as in other large cities in the developing world, individuals try to make a living by engaging in novel occupations such as landfill scavenging. This paper reports on a research conducted in the Gaborone landfill, the largest in Botswana. The study content-analyzed available literature from other countries. It also relied mainly on direct field observations. The discussions on and answers to closed and interview schedules by stakeholders, affected- and- interested – persons, provided the information on the threats and opportunities related to the landfill site and its informal management activities. This on-going case study lends credence to the potential of scavenging in sustaining livelihoods among those who cannot secure employment in the formal urban market. Scavenging tends to be useful although it may hazardous to the informal entrepreneurs. Taking all the threats into consideration, the decommissioning and closure of the landfill seems inevitable, in spite of the apparent short-term livelihood opportunities it provides to the informal sector.     

Effect of some additives on synthesis of zeolite from coal fly ash

Hydrothermal conversion of fly ash into zeolites was conducted and the effects of the addition of sodium halide and waste solutions produced after zeolitization of fly ash, as well as the adjustment of the Si/Al ratio prior to synthesis process on the formation and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of zeolite product were evaluated. Both the addition of NaCl and NaF ameliorated the crystallinity and CEC of synthesized zeolite, but NaF had a better improvement effect. Na⁺ was considered to enhance the crystallization of zeolite, while F⁻ favored the dissolution of fly ash. The type of zeolite formed depended on the Si/Al ratio of the starting material prior to the nucleation and crystallization of zeolite. The adjustment of the Si/Al ratio of fly ash by addition of Na₂SiO₄ and Al(OH)₃ changed the type and CEC of zeolite. Waste solutions contained large amount of Si and little Al due to the formation of a zeolite named NaP1 in zeolite terminology with the Joint Committee of Powder Diffraction Standard (JCPDS) code of 39-0219. The alkalinity decreased largely. As a result, the CEC value of zeolite products synthesized with waste solution as alkali source decreased. The supplementation of new alkali to adjust the alkalinity of waste solution could enhance the CEC of synthesized product. It was concluded that: (1) addition of sodium halide and adjustment of the Si/Al ratio prior to synthesis can improve the quality of zeolite; (2) waste solutions produced following the zeolitization of fly ash can be reused as an alkali source in the activation of fly ash; zero-emission of waste solution in the synthesis of zeolite from fly ash is possible.     

特长隧道高压大流量突涌水治理施工和技术探讨

结合工程实例,介绍了长大隧道施工中高压大流量突涌水治理所采用的超前地质预报、突涌水的预防及帷幕注浆封堵等主要施工技术。并对岩溶发育富含水地区隧道工程的施工进行了分析和探讨,并提出了可行性施工方案。     

一种适用于高放废物地质处置数据管理的多源信息分类与编码体系

综合考虑高放废物地质处置多源信息的数据特点,按照学科专题领域划分原则,同时兼顾GIS等信息技术在新兴领域中的应用,形成了一套适用于高放废物地质处置数据管理的多源信息分类与编码体系。该体系遵循相关国际或国家基础信息标准及废物处置等行业标准,同时采用面向对象程序设计与兼顾GIS分析的思想,有利于更大程度地满足核技术领域信息共享需求。     

盛源盆地南部铀成矿水文地球化学条件分析

本文阐述了盛源盆地南部铀成矿的地质、水文地质和水文地球化学条件 ,分析了区内放射性水异常的产出、分布特征和控制因素 ,认为坝口等地段水的循环深度大 ,深部氧化 还原过渡带发育 ,大面积、交互叠加的放射性水异常是寻找大型隐伏铀矿床的重要标志。     

矿物法--环境污染治理的第四类方法

总结介绍了近10年开展环境矿物材料研究所取得的较为系统的研究成果。新提出环境矿物材料基本性能,包括矿物表面效应、孔道效应、结构效应、离子交换效应、结晶效应、溶解效应、水合效应、氧化还原效应、半导体效应、纳米效应及矿物生物交互效应等。展示环境矿物材料开发应用方面的崭新成就,包括利用天然铁的硫化物矿物强还原性,发明一步法还原Cr(Ⅵ)与沉淀Cr(Ⅲ)废水处理新工艺;利用天然锰的氧化物矿物强氧化性,发明处理高浓度与强污染的印染和酚类废水新方法;利用天然钛的氧化物矿物日光催化性,发明光催化降解卤代有机污染物新方法;利用天然蛭石高温脱水膨胀热效应,发明能大幅度提高型煤固硫率与除尘新方法;利用天然钙基蒙脱石低成本制备出同时防止水体与无机和有机污染物渗漏的自愈性强的填埋场衬层建造用新型防渗材料,发明生活垃圾尤其是危险废物填埋场衬层建造新工艺;发现凝灰岩与花岗岩中长石类矿物发育有良好的孔道结构,核素进入可发生固定化作用,成为有效阻滞核素迁移的天然屏障;利用天然纳米管状纤蛇纹石成功制备二氧化硅纳米管,接枝有机物可由亲水性变为疏水性;利用黄钾铁矾的胶体特征作为多金属矿山废石堆隔离防渗层,防止金属硫化物矿物氧化分解与矿山酸性废水污染等。着重指出今后环境矿物?