对流层传播延迟改正

介绍了流层大气折射对GPS信息的影响及修正方法，着重讨论了各种天顶延迟计算方法和投影函数模型；通过试算，并分析比较这些模型的差异，得出了一些有益的结果。     

Atmospheric Corrections Using MODTRAN for TOA and Surface BRDF Characteristics from High Resolution Spectroradiometric/ Angular Measurements from a Helicopter Platform

l. IntroductionThe cIassicaI definition of bi--directional reflectance--distribution function (BRDF) is aderivative, distribution function, relatlng the irradiance incident from one given direction tolts contribution to the radiance renected in another direct1on (N1codemus et al., l977).f r (0,, rp,; 0,, rp, )= dL, (0,, P,; 0,, 9,; E, )/ dE, (0,, 9,) [sr-- 1 ], (l)where 0 (zenith angle) and 9 (azimuth angle) together indicate a direction, the subscr1pt i indi-cates quantities associated wi…     

Crustal model of the Bransfield Rift, West Antarctica, from detailed OBS refraction experiments

The first detailed deep seismic refraction study in the Bransfield Strait, West Antarctica, using sensitive OBSs (ocean bottom seismographs) was carried out successfully during the Antarctic summer of 1990/1991. The experiment focused on the deep crustal structure beneath the axis of the Bransfield Rift. Seismic profile DSS-20 was located exactly in the Bransfield Trough, which is suspected to be a young rift system. Along the profile, five OBSs were deployed at spacings of 50-70 km. 51 shots were fired along the 310 km profile. This paper gives the first presentation of the results. A detailed model of the crustal structure was obtained by modelling the observed traveltimes and amplitudes using a 2-D ray-tracing technique. The uppermost (sedimentary?) cover, with velocities of 2.0-5.5 km s⁻¹, reaches a depth of up to 8 km. Below this, a complex with velocities of 6.4-6.8 km s⁻¹ is observed. The presence of a high-velocity body, with V _p= 7.3-7.7 km s⁻¹, was detected in the 14-32 km depth range in the central part of the profile. These inhomogeneities can be interpreted as a stage of back-arc spreading and stretching of the continental crust, coinciding with the Deception-Bridgeman volcanic line. Velocities of 8.1 km s⁻¹, characteristic of the Moho, are observed along the profile at a depth of 30-32 km.     

溶液结构的X射线衍射──3.粉末衍射仪液体样品池窗口强度校正的相对透明因子

从衍射几何学出发，推导出0－2θ型X射线衍射仪液体样品池窗口强度校正的相对透明因子，解释了由于超厚液体样品池上的窗口的吸收，反射法引起的低角强度损失和透射法引起的高角强度损失，获得了令人满意的的校正结果。     

位置线及其定位导航软件系统

本文对位置线的基本理论和应用进行了较系统的研究,对一些理论问题的深化和系统化做了有成效的工作;并结合军事和新技术,探讨了位置线理论在电子地图定位导航软件系统中的应用问题,编制了内容丰富的软件(包括:基础计算软件、地图投影变换软件、专题数学要素软件、无线电定位导航软件、GPS定位导航软件),成为《位置线定位导航软件系统》的重要组成部分。     

地震折射波资料解释中射线方法应用的进一步探讨

开鲁陆家堡凹陷内断裂发育、构造复杂,垂直于构造走向跨度30km,凹陷边缘和凹陷内古生界基底顶板埋深分别为1km和5km,在此开展了基底折射波地震勘探。在已知资料基础上,我们用多段倾斜单界面折射波正演理论计算作指导,设计了野外试验和初步的生产观测系统,t_0和差异时距曲线解释方法对于应用于如此复杂的构造地区其准确性和精度受到了限制。因此,我们在解释方法上试做了如下工作:①多段倾斜单界面折射波理论正演走时拟合,给出较有益的反演解释结果;②二维非均匀介质中射线追踪解释方法,提供准确的射线途径给出基底面上下详尽的更为符合实际的二维速度分布信息。     

根据LF天波的相位和振幅变化监测中层大气扰动

LF无线电波,白天在70-80km的区域被反射,夜间在90-100km的区域被反射.本文根据武昌电离层观象台长期连续的地面LF传播的实验记录,分析研究了上中层大气压力的变化、行星尺度波扰动、冬季异常等上中层大气的特性,并对其中的冬季异常的机理作了简要讨论,从理论上分析了造成冬季异常的原因,除通常所述的因素外,上中层大气中气压下降或温度降低可能也是一个重要因素.并指出地面LF无线电波传播实验是监测和研究上中层大气的某些特性和扰动的一个重要手段,也可以为进一步探索平流层一中层耦合提供某些实验依据.     

地震通信电台架设最佳方法的初探

本文着重讨论了地震通信电台的合理布网,电台天线和电台架设中的问题。并提出了电台架设中应该注意解决的一些共性问题,其目的是为了对地震通信用电台架设的最佳方法进行一次试验性的初探。     

On terrain corrections in terrestrial heat flow

The theory of heat-flow variation over a Lees-type hill is well known for evaluating terrain effects on terrestrial heat flow. However, a hill cannot be converted into a valley by simply changing the sign of one of the terrain-defining parameters, nor can several Lees' hills be superposed to simulate a series of hills and valleys for correcting a terrain-induced disturbance of heat flow. The proper derivations for a Lees-type valley are presented and the superposition is compared with analytic solutions for two parallel semi-cylindrical valleys and two semi-spherical basins embedded in an otherwise planar ground. Generally, heat flux climaxes over central valleys or basins, and dips toward their margins where rapid change in topography occurs. Variation of heat flux induced by a three-dimensional terrain is relatively large, as compared to two-dimensional features, but its areal extent is relatively limited. The two-dimensional effects also extend relatively deeper. In applying two-dimensional algorithms to a three-dimensional terrain, the correction may be over- or underestimated depending on the distance from a borehole to prominent terrain features in the surrounding area.     

大连地震台面波震级偏差及其校正

文章采用大连地震台1983年到1986年四年间所记录的面波震级Ms≥4.0级的地震一千余例与《中国地震台临时报告》中所给定的面波震级进行比较,算出大连地震台的台基校正值,以及不同震中距,不同震中方位,不同震级的震级偏差及其校正值.