盐藻的室温光抑制

实验用盐藻取自天津塘沽轻工业部制盐研究所,采用ＡＳＰ２培养液为培养基,研究了盐藻的室温光抑制现象,并探讨了盐藻的光保护反应机理,结果表明,盐藻对高辐照有很强的忍耐力,且光合能力的恢复也很强,氯霉素（ＣＡＰ）或二硫苏糖醇（ＤＴＴ）在高光下强烈地加深了对ＰＳＩＩ光化学效率（Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ）和光合量子效率（Φｉ）的抑制,但ＣＡＰ或ＤＴＴ单独作用并不抑制盐藻的光化学系统在低光下的可逆恢复;盐藻在ＣＡＰ＋ＤＴＴ     

液闪法测量断裂带水中3H计数效率的标定

文中介绍了如何使用无氚水作为猝灭剂制备系列猝灭源,建立猝灭校正曲线,从而精确标定Quantulus1220液闪仪测量3H的计数效率。实验结果表明,直线拟合校正曲线计算的效率与测量值的偏差小,计数效率变动范围在21.59%～22.68%之间,系列猝灭源刻度仪器计数效率具有快速可靠等优点     

Mean Field Dynamos with Algebraic and Dynamic α-Quenchings

Calculations for mean field dynamo models (in both full spheres and spherical shells), with both algebraic and dynamic -quenchings, show qualitative as well as quantitative differences and similarities in the dynamical behaviour of these models. We summarise and enhance recent results with extra examples. Overall, the effect of using a dynamic appears to be complicated and is affected by the region of parameter space examined.     

快速光响应曲线的优化及在底栖甲藻光适应特性研究中的应用

利用快速光响应曲线(RLCs)技术研究了不同光背景下的底栖甲藻Cooliatropicalis的光合作用特性,比较了RLCs的不同序列(正序、反序和非序)和不同光照时间(10, 30和60 s)对光合参数的影响。结果表明:正序RLCs由于序列内非光化学淬灭(NPQ)的快速累积,造成曲线的不饱以及光合参数最大相对电子传递速率(rETRmax)和半饱和光强(Ek)的高估。反序和非序RLCs均出现光饱和或光抑制,步长30s和60s的光合参数在不同光背景下的趋势基本一致。在底栖甲藻的光合生理研究中,可考虑采用步长30 s的反序RLCs进行测定。     

荧光熄灭法测定煤矸石中微量锌

在pH8.6的Na2B4O7-HCl缓冲介质中,基于微量Zn^2 对5－溴水杨基荧光酮体系的荧光熄灭效应,建立了测定微量Zn^2 的荧光分析方法。结果表明,当激发波长λex=365nm,荧光发射波长λem=538nm时,Zn^2 量在0.0-400.0μg/L内与体系的荧光熄灭程度呈线性关系,方法的检出限为0.38μg/L。方法用于煤矸石中微量Zn^2 的测定,结果与极谱法结果一致,6次测定的RSD＜3．0％。     

盐藻的低温光抑制

将盐藻（Ｄｕｎａｌｉｅｌｌａｓａｌｉｎａ１００９）置于低温（１０℃）下并同时给予强光照,以比较它在低温诱导下的光抑制以及从光抑制了恢复的能力,实验还检测了蛋白质抑制剂氯霉素（ＣＡＰ）与低温光抑制的关系,结果表明,单独使用低温和ＣＡＰ均加深盐藻对光抑制的敏感属性,但ＣＡＰ和低温的共同作用并不影响这种敏感性,与对照（２５℃）相比,低温下的盐藻有更高的ＱＡ（ＰＳⅡ反应中心的原初受体）还原态和ｑ＾Ｎ（非光     

Diel tuning of photosynthetic systems in ice algae at Saroma-ko Lagoon, Hokkaido, Japan

Ice algae are the major primary producers in seasonally ice-covered oceans during the cold season. Diurnal change in solar radiation is inevitable for ice algae, even beneath seasonal sea ice in lower-latitude regions. In this work, we focused on the photosynthetic response of ice algae under diurnally changing irradiance in Saroma-ko Lagoon, Japan. Photosynthetic properties were assessed by pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry. The species composition remained almost the same throughout the investigation. The maximum electron transport rate (rETR_max), which indicates the capacity of photosynthetic electron transport, increased from sunrise until around noon and decreased toward sunset, with no sign of the afternoon depression commonly observed in other photosynthetic organisms. The level of non-photochemical quenching, which indicates photoprotection activity by dissipating excess light energy via thermal processes, changed with diurnal variations in irradiance. The pigment composition appeared constant, except for xanthophyll cycle pigments, which changed irrespective of irradiance. These results indicate that ice algae tune their photosynthetic system harmonically to achieve efficient photosynthesis under diurnally changing irradiance, while avoiding damage to photosystems. This regulation system may be essential for productive photosynthesis in ice algae.     

光质对三角褐指藻光保护过程的影响

光能一方面驱动光合作用固定二氧化碳,另一方面当光能过剩就会对光合细胞产生氧化性损伤,甚至导致细胞死亡。硅藻等光合生物通过叶绿素荧光非光化学淬灭(NPQ)把过剩的光能转化为无害的热,达到保护细胞的目的。硅藻NPQ的诱导受硅甲藻黄素循环调节,并且与众多环境因子密切相关。作者通过对海洋环境的模拟,研究了不同光质下三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)受到的影响测定并比较了红、绿、蓝3种单色光处理的三角褐指藻响应高光胁迫时的NPQ及硅甲藻黄素循环的差异。叶绿素荧光的结果显示,在相同的胁迫性强光和胁迫时间内,蓝光下处理的三角褐指藻形成的NPQ更高,而且胁迫阶段淬灭的荧光在低光阶段恢复的更快。色素测定的结果显示,3种单色光下处理的三角褐指藻的硅甲藻黄素循环的环脱氧比(DEPS)与对照组没有显著差异。实验结果表明,蓝光对三角褐指藻响应高光、形成NPQ至关重要。     

Short-term and diurnal temperature changes alter the response of harmful algal blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia pungens to solar ultraviolet radiation

In this study, we explored the interactive effects of temperature and solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on the growth, pigment contents, photochemical efficiency and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, which forms harmful algal blooms globally. Cells were first pre-acclimated to temperatures of 20°C, 25°C or 28°C for 10 days. They were then exposed to three different types of solar radiation for 60?min. We then measured the photochemical efficiency of the cells during the 60-min exposure and a 360-min recovery period under dim light (20?μmol?photons?m^?2?s^?1). In addition, we analysed the diural change in photochemical efficiency and NPQ over a 10-h period. We found that P. pungens that were exposed to higher temperatures in the short term (i.e. 20–25°C, 20–28°C and 25–28°C) or long term (i.e. 25–25°C and 28–28°C) exhibited lower levels of photoinhibition and faster recovery rates than samples exposed to a lower temperature (i.e. 20–20°C). This indicated that the deleterious effects of UVR can be minimised by both chronic and acute exposure to higher temperatures within the tolerated temperature range for P. pungens.     

SAF—CTMAB荧光猝灭法测定痕量铌

本文研究了铌对水杨基荧光酮(SAF)-OTMAB体系荧光的熄灭效应,建立了痕量铌的荧光测定新方法。经纸色层分离,用于矿样中痕量铌的测定,结果满意。