The quasi－static solutions of two kinds of the thermo－elastic problem and the time spacedistributionfeatureoftheseismicprecursorfields

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GPS高程测量中粗差的分析

随着GPS技术在测量领域的应用更加广泛,GPS高程拟合方法的选择、模型的建立,对提高GPS高程拟合的精度起到关键性作用。本文通过对XX矿区GPS高程的粗差进行分析,提出解决问题的具体措施,以建立适合矿区实际的拟合似大地水准面,满足矿区工程测量的需要。     

Effect of forest recovery on summer streamflow in small forested watersheds,Northeastern China

The hydrological effect of forest recovery is receiving renewed interest globally because information on forest carbon–water relationship is critically needed to support carbon management through reforestation and sustainable water management. In Northeastern China, summer (June to August) streamflow accounts for about 50% of total annual streamflow and is vital to water supply and management in the region. Understanding how forest recovery may affect streamflow is important to both reforestation campaign and long‐term water sustainability. In this study, we analysed 33 years of summer hydrologic data (1970–2002) from two comparable small‐scale watersheds located in the Xiaoxing'anling, Northeastern China. Time series analysis and two graphic methods (double mass curve and flow duration curve) with statistical testing as well as long‐term data on forest cover changes and climate were used. Our results show that the significant streamflow reduction as a result of reforestation occurred when forest cover reached 70% or 10 years after planting. After forest cover reached 85%, water reduction became stabilized. The accumulative streamflow reduction in 2002 reached 8·61% of the total accumulative streamflow. Among those water reduced, high flows (from 5 to 25 percentiles) were mostly affected, demonstrating that northeastern forests have an important role in reducing high flows. Implications of these results are discussed in the context of climate change, reforestation and water resource management. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非均匀P\|偏振电磁波在导电界面的反射系数曲线

基于非均匀电磁波在导电媒质中传播时其相移常数和振幅衰减常数方向的不一致性，利用电磁波在导电媒质界面的边界条件，导出了非均匀P\|偏振电磁波的反射系数. 反射系数随入射角的变化曲线显示：当电磁波由电导率大的介质射向电导率小的介质时，在相移常数临界角和衰减常数临界角附近存在峰值，且反射系数的数值小于1，这一结果与全反射光的结果有明显的差异.     

A quasi three-dimensional model for flow and transport in unsaturated and saturated zones: 1. Implementation of the quasi two-dimensional case

A quasi three-dimensional (QUASI 3-D) model is presented for simulating the subsurface water flow and solute transport in the unsaturated and in the saturated zones of soil. The model is based on the assumptions of vertical flow in the unsaturated zone and essentially horizontal groundwater flow. The 1-D Richards equation for the unsaturated zone is coupled at the phreatic surface with the 2-D flow equation for the saturated zone. The latter was obtained by averaging 3-D flow equation in the saturated zone over the aquifer thickness. Unlike the Boussinesq equation for a leaky-phreatic aquifer, the developed model does not contain a storage term with specific yield and a source term for natural replenishment. Instead it includes a water flux term at the phreatic surface through which the Richards equation is linked with the groundwater flow equation. The vertical water flux in the saturated zone is evaluated on the basis of the fluid mass balance equation while the horizontal fluxes, in that equation, are prescribed by Darcy law. A 3-D transport equation is used to simulate the solute migration. A numerical algorithm to solve the problem for the general quasi 3-D case was developed. The developed methodology was exemplified for the quasi 2-D cross-sectional case (QUASI2D). Simulations for three synthetic problems demonstrate good agreement between the results obtained by QUASI2D and two fully 2-D flow and transport codes (SUTRA and 2DSOIL). Yet, simulations with the QUASI2D code were several times faster than those by the SUTRA and the 2DSOIL codes.     

几种优化方法在频率域全波形反演中的应用效果及对比分析研究

全波形反演方法是一个有效求解参数重建问题的方法,其本质是一个寻找最优解的优化问题,目前多用局部最优方法求解,如最速下降法、共轭梯度法、高斯-牛顿法、拟牛顿法等.文中给出了常用的优化方法,基于二雏声波方程,将这些方法应用于部分overthrust模型的反演,通过对各方法所得反演模型的精度和计算时间的对比分析,对各个方法的优缺点进行总结,为后续多参数反演或高维方程参数反演提供方法选择上的参考;针对所要求解的反问题,选用的优化方法需要在收敛速率、计算存储量和算法的稳定性之间进行权衡,以得到一个最优的反演结果.     

姑咱地震台张应变异常信号与修路施工间关系探讨

与2008年5月12日汶川MS 8.0地震时记录到的大量压应变异常信号不同,2013年4月芦山MS 7.0地震前后姑咱地震台钻孔应变仪记录到的却是显著张应变异常,特别是临震前几日信号大幅度突升,而该时段恰巧台站大门前进行修路施工,这究竟是地球物理异常还是干扰,一直有很大争议.研究发现,这些异常信号在时间上具有高度的准同...     

Seismic fragility of plasterboard partitions via in‐plane quasi‐static tests

The seismic damage of internal partitions may cause significant earthquake loss; this phenomenon is caused by (a) their tendency to exhibit damage for low demand levels and (b) the consequent loss of inventory and breakdown that their collapse can cause. Quasi‐static tests are performed on six 5‐m‐high plasterboard internal partitions, which represent typical partitions in industrial and commercial buildings in the European area. A steel test setup is designed to transfer the load, which is provided by the actuator, to the partition. The testing protocol provided by Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 461 is adopted for the quasi‐static tests. The typical failure mode of the specimens is the buckling of a steel stud, which involves the boards that are attached to the buckled stud. The buckling failure usually concentrates across the plasterboard horizontal joints. A frictional behavior is exhibited for low demand levels, whereas a pinched behavior is shown for moderate‐to‐high demand levels. The interstory drift ratios required to reach a given damage limit state are evaluated using a predefined damage scheme. Based on the experimental data, the fragility curves for three different damage states (DS1, DS2, and DS3) are estimated. The fragility curve yields median interstory drift ratio values of 0.28%, 0.81%, and 2.05% and logarithmic standard deviations of 0.39, 0.42, and 0.46 for DS1, DS2, and DS3, respectively. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

洱海沉积物粒度记录与气候干湿变迁

通过对洱海现代沉积物的精细采样,将放射性核素精确计年与沉积物粒度研究相结合,重建了600多年来洱海区域气候的干湿变迁,为恢复百年尺度的气候干湿变化提供了一条新途径。研究结果表明,15世纪是洱海地区最为湿润的一个世纪;洱海区域存在100a、200a两种时间尺度的气候干湿准周期波动;自19世纪末以来洱海区域气候整体上向干旱化方向发展,目前正处于干旱期末期,预计气候将由干旱转向湿润。     

Kirchhoff 叠前偏移在天然气水合物准三维地震资料处理中的应用

在针对天然气水合物的准三维地震资料处理中,由于受观测系统不规则、横向覆盖次数变化剧烈以及空间假频的影响,叠后偏移难以取得良好的效果。本研究从目前天然气水合物准三维地震资料偏移成像研究现状入手,总结了叠后偏移成像存在的问题,对比分析了Kirchhoff叠前偏移和波动方程叠前偏移的原理和特点,认为Kirchhoff积分法受观测系统不规则和横向覆盖次数变化剧烈的影响较小,适合于天然气水合物准三维地震资料叠前偏移处理。并将Kirchhoff积分法叠前偏移应用到南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物准三维地震资料处理中,同叠后偏移处理相比,Kirchhoff叠前偏移处理获得了更好的效果。