大别山东部超高太变质带北侧的花岗片麻岩及其构造背景

大别山东部超高压变质带北侧的花岗片麻岩有下列特征。（１）化学成分富硅、富碱,一般ＳｉＯ２＜７５％,Ｋ２Ｏ＋Ｎａ２Ｏ＞８％,且Ｋ２Ｏ＞Ｎａ２Ｏ。（２）与变质表壳岩有侵入接触关系,有异源、深源包体。（３）主要为鳞片花岗变晶结构,有残留的岩浆结构,普遍具片麻状构造,钾长石常以眼球状巨晶出现,剪切带中发育Ｌ＞Ｓ型变形组构。（４）变质作用为角闪岩相,变质矿物为黑云母、角闪石以及少量石榴石、白云母、绿帘石等。。（５）锆石的乙—Ｐ６同位素年龄值为６２９Ｍａ。上述特征与超高压变质带中的含霓石变质花岗岩有明显的区别,因此,它可能是杨子大陆板块的俯冲基底。     

Early Paleozoic Magmatism in Himalayan Orogen: The Geochronological Study on Augen Gneisses from Gyirongand Nyalam Areas,Southern Tibet

In the Gyirong and Nyalam areas, a massive amount of augen gneisses are extensively exposed in the middle Himalayan orogen. They consist of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, biotite and minor muscovite. Zircons from augen gneisses have magmatic rims indicated by concentric oscillatory zoning. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating gave weighted mean ages of (488.5±1.1) Ma (MSWD=0.6)、(475.1±0.7) Ma (MSWD=1.5) and (468.1±2.5) Ma (MSWD=4.2), hinting early Paleozoic magmatism in the Greater Himalayan Crystalline complex (GHC). The data in this study and other published geochronological results of Cambrian-Ordovician magmatites demonstrated that early Paleozoic orogenesis existed in the Himalayas. Early Paleozoic tectonic events preserved in Himalayas are well compared with the contemporaneous ones in the Lhasa terrane, Qiangtang terrane, Baoshan terrane and Tengchong terrane located in the south and southeast of Tibet Plateau. Integrating previous studies, we suggested an Andean-type orogeny corresponding to dynamic adjusting of the plates by subduction of the Proto-Tethys Ocean lithosphere along the northern margin of Gondwana, instead of Pan-African orogeny that was characterized by the continent-continent collisions during Gondwana assembly.     

Age and geotectonic setting of Late Neoproterozoic juvenile mafic gneisses and associated paragneisses from the Ribeira belt (SE Brazil) based on geochemistry and Sm–Nd data — Implications on Gondwana assembly

Mafic gneisses and associated paragneisses from the Cabo Frio Tectonic Domain in the southeastern part of the Ribeira Belt, along the coast of Rio de Janeiro State in southeast Brazil, were subjected to a geochemical and Sm–Nd isotope study. Four lithotypes are distinguished: aluminous paragneisses (mainly sillimanite–kyanite–garnet–biotite gneiss), calcsilicate lenses, quartzo–feldspathic metasedimentary gneisses and mafic–ultramafic lenses. The whole-rock major and trace, including rare earth element distributions in the mafic–ultramafic intercalations indicate that derivation from subalkaline basalt/gabbro of tholeiitic affinity with E-MORB signature from a non-subduction environment. These mafic rocks have positive ε_Nd(t) and T_DM of 1.1 Ga. The metasedimentary rocks have negative ε_Nd(t) and T_DM of 1.7 Ga. A Sm–Nd whole rock isochron of mafic rocks yielded an age of 604 ± 38 Ma for the crystallization. This matches with the age of some detrital zircon grains from the paragneisses. The depositional basin, named Buzios–Palmital, was active at least until 620 Ma (age of the youngest detrital zircon) and was subsequently deformed and metamorphosed at ca. 525 Ma (age of metamorphic zircons) during the Buzios Orogeny. It is interpreted as a back arc basin with relation to the 630 Ma magmatic arc of the Oriental Terrane in the Ribeira Belt to the NW. However, after 600 Ma, the Buzios–Palmital basin changed to an active margin setting because the arc collided with the continental margin and the subduction shifted to the back arc environment. By 610 Ma, most of the Brasiliano belts registered collisional events related to multiple convergent blocks. The stress fields and paleocontinent shapes would have allowed the occurrence of extensional areas with not only sedimentary deposition but also ocean floor spreading. Its remnants are preserved in this Brazilian coastal region as an ancient suture, reworked intensively during the Mesozoic rifting events. The reconnaissance of Late Neoproterozoic basins in the Brasiliano–Pan-African belts is of major importance to partially unravel the final amalgamation events of SW Gondwana. Considering that the Buzios–Palmital basin rock units are mostly covered by the marginal Atlantic basins, it is possible that other evidence could be preserved in the coastal regions of SW-Africa and SE-South America.     

苏鲁地体南缘超高压变质带朐山二云花岗片麻岩的地球化学特征及其构造意义

二云花岗片麻岩是组成苏鲁地体南缘超高压变质带朐山杂岩体的重要岩石类型,虽然经历了超高压变质作用,但仍保留了花岗岩的岩石学特征。常量元素和微量元素分析结果表明该片麻岩具有高w(K₂O)、低w(CaO)、高w(TFeO)/w(MgO)比值、铝饱和指数偏高的A型花岗岩的特征,岩石类型为高钾碱性过铝质A型花岗岩。稀土元素中轻稀土富集、分馏程度高、Eu强烈亏损,微量元素中Ba、P、Ti、Sc具有明显的负异常,w(Sr)/ w(Y)、w(La)/ w(Yb)和w(Rb)/ w(Sr)、w(Rb)/ w(Ba)较高,尤其是w(TiO₂)＜0.2％和w(Y)/ w(Nb)＞1.2的特征,以及在w(Rb)-w(Yb+Ta）和w(Rb)-w(Y+Nb）判别图解上样品投点位于板内环境区等,表明该片麻岩的原岩形成于板内与裂谷有关的非造山环境。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年结果揭示其侵位时代为新元古代中晚期((722±32）Ma）,与杂岩体中早期侵位的二长花岗片麻岩及杂岩体上覆地层中的变质火山岩同为Rodinia大陆裂解、扬子地块陆内裂谷形成过程中伴随的岩浆活动的产物。     

星星峡石英闪长质片麻岩的锆石年代学:对天山造山带构造演化及基底归属的意义

天山造山带是中亚造山带(CAOB)的主要组成部分,对于其前寒武纪古老基底的起源、古生代构造单元划分和造山作用过程的认识还存在很大分歧。本文对分布在星星峡镇西的石英闪长质片麻岩开展了系统地岩相学观察和锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素及全岩地球化学分析。根据矿物组成推测它们的原岩为石英闪长岩,两个样品中的锆石具有基本一致的内部结构特征,均发育黑色、均一的边部和具震荡环带的核部,部分保留有更早的继承锆石核。分析结果表明,它们的原岩形成于～425Ma,变质作用年龄为约320～360Ma,继承锆石的年龄为1381～1743Ma。原岩结晶锆石具有正的且变化较大的εHf(t)值(0.9～17.8),继承锆石的tDM2模式年龄变化于1.54～2.44Ga。在全岩地球化学组成上,石英闪长质片麻岩具有明显富集Rb、Ba、Th、K等大离子亲石元素和Pb、U元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素的特点。结合区域上已有的前寒武纪基底、高级变质岩、蛇绿混杂岩、岩浆岩的研究资料,获得以下认识:中天山地块的前寒武纪基底的起源与塔里木板块没有明显的相关性,可能是中元古代时期,由东欧板块边缘的弧增生造山作用形成;中天山地块东部在早古生代为大陆边缘弧的构造环境,可能形成于南天山洋向中天山板块的俯冲作用;南天山洋在天山造山带的东部和西部可能具有一致的闭合时间。     

滇西腾冲地块东南缘高黎贡山群片麻岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

分布于腾冲地块东南缘的高黎贡山群片麻岩经历了多期变质作用,深熔和糜棱岩化作用表现得十分明显,片麻岩中的锆石具有深熔锆石的特征。在取得的15个锆石年龄数据中,14个数据的206Pb/238U年龄为454.4~546.7Ma,平均年龄为489Ma±16Ma,仅1个数据为261.9Ma。测试结果表明,腾冲地块东南缘的高黎贡山群岩石在早古生代遭受强烈的区域变质作用（包括混合岩化）,而这正是泛非事件在腾冲地块上的反映。     

早三叠世北澜沧江结合带碰撞作用:类乌齐花岗质片麻岩年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素证据

西藏东部类乌齐一带吉塘岩群中新识别出一套花岗质片麻岩,其Cameca锆石U-Pb年龄为246.3±0.8Ma,表明该变质花岗岩形成于早三叠世。该套变质侵入体具高SiO₂(68.21%~74.82%)、富K₂O(K₂O/Na₂O>1)和低P₂O₅(<0.26%)特征,铝饱和指数(ACNK)为1.01~1.19,属准铝质到过铝质岩石;富集Rb、Th和U,亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、P和Eu等;并具不均一的锆石ε_Hf(t)值(-1.3~+3.7)和古老的锆石Hf同位素地壳模式年龄(1.0~1.4Ga),具有碰撞型花岗岩的地球化学特征。类乌齐变质侵入体很可能形成于澜沧江结合带所代表的洋盆闭合后碰撞的地球动力学背景,可能是幔源岩浆诱发古老地壳物质重熔并与之混合形成母岩浆,再经历高程度分离结晶作用而形成,为北澜沧江结合带碰撞造山过程的产物,暗示澜沧江结合带在早三叠世存在岩浆增生事件,藏东类乌齐地区在246Ma之前己进入陆-陆碰撞时期。     

扬子克拉通崆岭杂岩新太古代花岗片麻岩成因及其构造意义

以崆岭杂岩中新太古代花岗片麻岩为研究对象,系统研究了其锆石U-Pb年代学和全岩地球化学特征,并对其岩石成因和扬子陆核～3.0～2.6Ga构造演化过程进行了初步探讨.锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测年结果表明,花岗片麻岩形成年龄为2 673±39Ma,且遭受了古元古代(2 042±27Ma)的高压麻粒岩相变质作用.地球化学研究表明,该套花岗片麻岩富Si,贫Mg、Cr、Ni,具有Eu、Sr和高场强元素的负异常.花岗片麻岩的εNd(t)值在-1.9～-0.1之间变化,对应两阶段Nd同位素模式年龄为3.15～3.01Ga,锆石饱和温度为789～825℃,显示岩体可能形成于初生长英质地壳物质在后碰撞伸展构造背景高温条件下部分熔融.结合前人已有的研究成果,认为以崆岭杂岩为代表的扬子陆核可能完整记录了～2.9～2.6Ga板块俯冲-碰撞-后碰撞与造山作用相关的完整过程.     

Petrology of sapphirine granulite and associated sodic gneisses from the Indian Head Range, Newfoundland

Migmatitic granulites from the Indian Head Range (IHR) are dominated by granoblastic, Opx-bearing (quartz) dioritic gneiss with subordinate garnet+orthopyroxene+biotite+albite (±quartz±microcline±cordierite±sillimanite) gneiss and comparatively biotite-rich, sapphirine+cordierite+orthopyroxene+albite (±microcline±sillimanite±corundum) gneiss. The latter contains at least two generations of sapphirine and cordierite, one apparently predating migmatization, the other associated with or following this event. Mineral thermobarometers yield temperatures up to 800 °C at 8 kbar. The IHR granulites have very high δ¹⁸O values (+10.8 to +14.5) which most likely indicate a sedimentary precursor. Their REE and HFSE contents resemble the trace element signature of post-Archean Australian shale (PAAS). Lithological analogues from other Grenvillian inliers in western Newfoundland have similar oxygen isotopic and immobile-element signatures. They too are interpreted as metasedimentary rocks. The IHR rocks, however, have unusually sodic compositions (e.g., Na₂O/CaO and Na₂O/K₂O=2.1–22.5 and 0.93–13.8, respectively) and contain albite or sodic oligoclase despite their high metamorphic grade. The geochemical data indicate that these rocks were albitized prior to high-grade metamorphism. No counterpart of this event is recorded in granulites from the other inliers, indicating that the IHR may be highly allochthonous with respect to these other Grenvillian terranes.     

冀北单塔子杂岩的地质学和锆石U-Pb年代学

冀北单塔子杂岩位于华北克拉通北缘中段隆化-赤城断裂以南,主要由高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相变质的英云闪长质、奥长花岗质、花岗闪长质片麻岩(TTG岩套)和铁镁质二辉麻粒岩、辉石斜长角闪岩、石榴石斜长变粒岩、石榴石夕线石黑云母片岩及少量的大理岩等表壳岩残留体组成。详细的SHRIMP和LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb同位素地质年代学研究表明,冀北单塔子杂岩的形成主要经历了7个演化阶段:(1)2600～2530Ma之间形成了单塔子杂岩中英云闪长质和奥长花岗质片麻岩的围岩,其中一部分铁镁质表壳岩,即铁镁质二辉麻粒岩,可能为英云闪长质—奥长花岗质岩浆的源岩;(2)2517～2505Ma主要为英云闪长质岩浆的侵位结晶阶段;(3)2494～2473Ma,奥长花岗质片麻岩侵位结晶;(4)2427～2404Ma,发生了早期麻粒岩相变形变质作用和深溶混合岩化作用,使这一杂岩经历了强烈的改造;(5)～1859Ma,铁镁质岩浆侵位,形成一些铁镁质岩株和岩脉;(6)～1834Ma到1793Ma,单塔子杂岩经历了最强烈的变质作用改造,形成了晚期麻粒岩相变质作用;(7)～1730Ma经历了强烈的流体活动,使得一些锆石发生了流体交代和改造。但是总体上单塔子杂岩没有经历～300Ma的古生代的变质作用。