Meteor Streams and Comets

Recent progress on the interrelation between meteor streams and comets is reviewed both on dynamical and physical aspects. The topics include the recent concept of the structure of meteor streams, resulted success of the prediction of the meteor storms, and the recent observational situation on the cometary dust grains and meteoroids. Two possible explanations for the origin of the meteoroids together with the implication for the relation between the birthplace of the parent comets and the meteoroids are discussed.     

黄土释光测年中石英的分离

根据黄土样品和40～90μm纯石英和长石的氢氟酸(HF)和氟硅酸(H2SiF6)溶蚀实验，认为黄土样品用40％氢氟酸溶蚀40min，尽管可以全部溶蚀掉长石，但对石英的损失太大，不适合黄土中石英的分离。用30％氟硅酸(20mL/g)溶蚀6d，溶蚀分离黄土中40～90μm．的石英颗粒，这样即可以溶蚀掉长石颗粒，又对石英损失较小。石英的纯度既可用IRSL来检测，也可用石英的110℃热释光(TL)峰来检测其纯度。     

Boxy/peanut 'bulges': comparing the structure of galaxies with the underlying families of periodic orbits

The vertical profiles of disc galaxies are built by the material trapped around stable periodic orbits, which form their 'skeletons'. Therefore, knowledge of the stability of the main families of periodic orbits in appropriate 3D models enables one to predict possible morphologies for edge-on disc galaxies. In a pilot survey we compare the orbital structures that lead to the appearance of 'peanut'- and 'X'-like features with the edge-on profiles of three disc galaxies (IC 2531, NGC 4013 and UGC 2048). The subtraction from the images of a model representing the axisymmetric component of the galaxies reveals the contribution of the non-axisymmetric terms. We find a direct correspondence between the orbital profiles of 3D bars in models and the observed main morphological features of the residuals. We also apply a simple unsharp masking technique in order to study the sharpest features of the images. Our basic conclusion is that the morphology of the boxy 'bulges' of these galaxies can be explained by considering disc material trapped around stable 3D periodic orbits. In most models, these building-block periodic orbits are bifurcated from the planar central family of a non-axisymmetric component, usually a bar, at low-order vertical resonances. In such a case, the boxy 'bulges' are parts of bars seen edge-on. For the three galaxies we study, the families associated with the 'peanut' or 'X'-shape morphology are probably bifurcations at the vertical 2/1 or 4/1 resonance.     

A review on East Asian dust storm climate, modelling and monitoring

In arid and semi-arid area of Asia, dust storms occur frequently. Asian dust storms have a major impact on the air quality of the densely populated areas of China, Korea and Japan, and are important to the global dust cycle. In extreme cases, they result in the loss of human lives and disruptions of social and economic activities. In recent years, systematic research on Asian dust storms has been carried out. Much progress has been made in the development of integrated dust storm monitoring and modeling systems by making use of advanced numerical models, satellite remote sensing and GIS data. In this paper, we summarize the recent achievements in Asian dust storm research with an emphasis on dust climatology, modeling and satellite monitoring. The concept of integrated dust storm monitoring and modeling system is described and a summary of the developments in key research areas is given, including new dust models and techniques in satellite remote sensing and system integration. We then discuss the current research frontiers and the challenges for future studies.     

Temperature-influenced dynamics of small dust particles

The motion of spherical dust particles under the action of gravity, electromagnetic radiation force and Lorentz force (LF) is studied theoretically for materials with temperature-dependent dielectric functions in the visible (VIS) spectral range. Even a weak variation of the optical constants with heliocentric distance may influence predominately a long-term dynamical behaviour of submicron-sized and small micron-sized dust grains. It is shown that the lifetime of carbonaceous or Si particles may change by several tens of per cent because of the temperature dependence of particle refractive indices. The orbital inclination is the most evident difference between the evolution of a dust particle with temperature-dependent optical properties and one without. While carbonaceous 2-μm-sized particles with optical constants independent of temperature may evolve in orbits with inclinations greater than an initial value, grains of the same size with variable refractive indices will be spread along orbits characterized with inclinations lower than the initial one. Here the temperature works as a separation factor for particles having slightly different temperature dependences of the optical constants.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF EOLIAN DUST OVER THE EASTERN CHINA SEAS

ImODUcrIONWindisantheortantagentfortransportationofdryandfinemateriaIsfromcontin-entStooceans.MaterialloadfromriversandcoastalerosiondepositSrnaitilyinestuaries,coastalregionsandontheinnercontinentalshelves.MinoramountSentCfopenoceans(Robeft,l982).DuetoconstruCtionofreservoAsonrivers,therivers'matCrialloadstotheseahavedroppedgreat1y.Forinstance,theloadoftheHuangheRiverintotheBohaiSeawas2O.4xlO9tinl958,butoIilyo.9xlO9tinl987.Meansedirnentdischargeredued36%duringtheperiodfroml98ltol989…     

ESR chronology of the fluvial sequence of Cueva del Silo (Sierra de Atapuerca,Spain)

The Cueva del Silo is part of the lower karst level of the Cueva Mayor-Cueva del Silo karst system (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain), whose evolution has preserved an impressive archeo-paleoanthropological sequence since the Early Pleistocene. Cueva del Silo is remarkable for the presence of fluvial deposits that record the entry of the Arlanzón River water in the cave system, providing a key sequence to investigate the fluvio-karstic relationships that give rise to this endokarst system. In order to provide a chronological framework to these fluvial deposits, six sediment samples were dated by Electron Spin Resonance and 16 samples by paleomagnetism, collected from two outcrops: Galería de las Arenas and Sala del Caos. Our results provide maximum mean age of around 1600 ka and a minimum age of 916 ± 136 ka for the deposits in Sala del Caos. The younger date from Sala del Caos might represent the last fluvial input from Arlanzón River in the lower karst level. In contrast, ESR ages estimates of 1268 ± 133 ka and 1262 ± 108 ka were obtained for Galería de las Arenas sequence, which could indicate re-sedimentation processes from the intermediate karst level where similar ages were published. The annual dose might be wrongly assessed due to the re-sedimentation processes inside the karst, hence, ESR ages for these facies should be treated with extreme caution.     

柴达木盆地北缘三角顶金矿床成矿特征及其找矿意义

三角顶金矿是在柴达木盆地北缘唯一发现的产出于中酸性岩体中“似玲珑式”金矿,矿床具有重要的区域找矿意义。对该矿床的地质特征、矿石类型、岩矿石原生晕特征、含金石英脉的流体包裹体特征以及区域成矿事件进行了综合分析,探讨了矿床成矿特征及其找矿意义。含金石英脉、含金硅化糜棱岩反映了三角顶矿区多期次、多流体参与的叠加复合成矿作用,其中含金石英脉呈现浅成中低温中低盐度流体的特征,与岩浆作用关系密切;含金硅化糜棱岩型矿石与动力变质作用关系更为密切;三角顶金矿成矿深度由西向东增大,西矿区石英脉型矿体代表了该期成矿的顶部,形成了石英脉型的穹顶式金矿化层。在矿区西侧的石英脉型穹顶式金矿化层和矿区东侧的含金糜棱岩化带中,找矿潜力巨大。     

胶东三山岛北部海域金矿床石英热释光和晶胞参数特征及其找矿意义

胶东是中国最重要的黄金资源基地之一,近年来深部找矿取得重大突破,特别是在三山岛北部海域发现超大型金矿床。深入研究其成矿规律,对于指导今后的找矿勘探意义重大。笔者应用成因矿物学和找矿矿物学理论,选取该矿床的贯通性矿物石英,对其热释光和晶胞参数特征的时空分布规律及与金矿化的关系进行了系统研究。结果表明:(1)石英热释光曲线以中温单峰、肩峰和不对称双峰为特征。主成矿阶段发光曲线出现中温峰和高温峰的双峰,发光强度大;(2)石英热释光峰位温度、发光强度在垂向上的波动变化与矿石金品位套合较好;(3)石英(Δa₀/a₀)/(Δc₀/c₀)值的变化范围在1.92~3.30,指示微量元素进入石英的方式以填隙为主;(4)随着成矿阶段由早至晚,石英晶胞参数a₀和V₀逐渐升高,c₀/a₀逐渐降低,表明石英的晶胞参数可作为识别其结晶阶段的标识之一;(5)钻孔深部石英热释光峰位温度较高,发光强度波动性较大,峰型呈单峰和肩峰,石英晶胞参数a₀、V₀仍较大,指示该矿深部仍有较好的找矿前景。