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241.
242.
基于传统吸附烃概念的烃类检测新技术 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
烃类是地表油气地球化学勘查地下油气藏的直接指标.目前我国油气化探中常用的酸解烃法检测出的烃类,不应定义为"吸附烃",它是介质吸收的产物,属结合态烃类,应定义为"吸收烃".地表酸解烃异常十分稳定,重现性好,能够很好地证明地质历史上曾经有过的烃类运移过程,但在反映目前深部油气信息方面具有多解性.针对酸解烃法的弱点,依据烃类垂向运移理论和物质吸附作用原理,自行设计开发、研制了一套吸附烃脱气装置,建立了土壤吸附烃提取新技术和检测方法.该方法有利于在近地表获取油气系统的动态信息,强化烃类测量法对其信息源的探测,可以提高地表油气化探预测油气分布的成功率. 相似文献
243.
244.
The characteristics and sources of natural gases from Ordovician weathered crust reservoirs in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Xianqing Li Guoyi Hu Jian Li Dujie Hou Peng Dong Zhihong Song Yunfeng Yang 《中国地球化学学报》2008,27(2):109-120
The Central Gas Field is a famous large-sized gas field in the Ordos Basin of China. However, identification of main gas sources of the Ordovician reservoirs in this gas field remains puzzling. On the basis of a lot of geochemical data and geological research on natural gases, the characteristics and sources of natural gases from Ordovician weathered crust reservoirs in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin were studied. The results indicated that natural gases from Ordovician weathered crust reservoirs in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin have similar chemical and isotopic compositions to highly mature and over-mature dry gases. Both coal-derived gases and oil-type gases coexist in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin. The former was derived mainly from Carboniferous-Permian coal measures and the latter from Lower Paleozoic marine carbonates. It is suggested that coal-derived gases occur in the eastern part of the Central Gas Field while oil-type gases may be produced mainly in the northern, western and southern parts of the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin. 相似文献
245.
Benthic nutrient fluxes in the intertidal flat within the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
GAO Lei LI Daoji WANG Yanming YU Lihua KONG Dingjiang LI Mei LI Yun and FANG Tao State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Estuarine Coastal Research East China Normal University Shanghai China 《中国地球化学学报》2008,27(1):58-71
In an annual cycle from March 2005 to February 2006, benthic nutrient fluxes were measured monthly in the Dongtan intertidal flat within the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary. Except for NH4^+, there always showed high fluxes from overlying water into sediment for other four nutrients. Sediments in the high and middle marshes, covered with halophyte and consisting of macrofauna, demonstrated more capabilities of assimilating nutrients from overlying water than the low marsh. Sampling seasons and nutrient concentrations in the overlying water could both exert significant effects on these fluxes. Additionally, according to the model provided by previous study, denitrification rates, that utilizing NO3- transported from overlying water (Dw) in Dongtan sediments, were estimated to be from -16 to 193 μmol·h^-1·m^-2 with an average value of 63 μmol·h^-1·m^-2 (n=18). These estimated values are still underestimates of the in-situ rates owing to the lack of consideration of DN, i.e., denitrification supported by the local NO3^- production via nitrification. 相似文献
246.
Environmental Investigation and Evaluation of Land Subsidence in the Datong Coalfield Based on InSAR Technology 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Heavy mining of Jurassic and Carboniferous horizontal coal seams in the Datong coalfield has seriously affected the local geological environment, which is mainly manifested by such geohazards as soil avalanches, landslides, mudflows, surface subsidence, surface cracks, surface solid waste accumulation and surface deformation. More seriously, coal mining causes groundwater to leak. Overpumping of groundwater has resulted in substantial land subsidence of the urban area in Datong City. Based on the previous geo-environmental investigation in the work area, the authors used radar remote sensing techniques such as InSAR (synthetic aperture radar interferometry) and D-InSAR (differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry), supplemented by the optical remote sensing method, for geo-environmental investigation to ascertain the geo-environmental background of the Datong Jurassic and Carboniferous-Permian coalfield and evaluate the effects of the geohazards, thus providing a basis for the geo-environmental protection, geohazard control and prevention, land improvement and optimization of the human environment. In this study 8 cog-nominal ERS-1/2 SAR data frames during 1992 to 2003 were used, but the following processing was made: (1) the multitemporal SAR magnitude images were used to interpret the geological structure, vegetation, microgeomorphology and drainage system; (2) the multi-temporal InSAR coherent images were used to make a classification of surface features and evaluate the coherence change due to coal mining; and (3) the multi-temporal cog-nominal SAR images were used to complete D-InSAR processing to remove the information of differential deformation areas (sites). In the end, a ten-year time series of differential interferograms were obtained using the multi-temporal cog-nominal SAR images. In the tests, 84 deformed areas (sites) were obtained, belonging to those in 1993-1996, 1996-1997, 1997-1998, 1998-2001, 1998-2002 and 2001-2003 respectively. Of the 84 areas, 44 are m 相似文献
247.
Yanming Feng 《Journal of Geodesy》2008,82(12):847-862
This paper presents a general modeling strategy for ambiguity resolution (AR) and position estimation (PE) using three or
more phase-based ranging signals from a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). The proposed strategy will identify three
best “virtual” signals to allow for more reliable AR under certain observational conditions characterized by ionospheric and
tropospheric delay variability, level of phase noise and orbit accuracy. The selected virtual signals suffer from minimal
or relatively low ionospheric effects, and thus are known as ionosphere-reduced virtual signals. As a result, the ionospheric parameters in the geometry-based observational models can be eliminated for
long baselines, typically those of length tens to hundreds of kilometres. The proposed modeling comprises three major steps.
Step 1 is the geometry-free determination of the extra-widelane (EWL) formed between the two closest L-band carrier measurements,
directly from the two corresponding code measurements. Step 2 forms the second EWL signal and resolves the integer ambiguity
with a geometry-based estimator alone or together with the first EWL. This is followed by a procedure to correct for the first-order
ionospheric delay using the two ambiguity-fixed widelane (WL) signals derived from the integer-fixed EWL signals. Step 3 finds
an independent narrow-lane (NL) signal, which is used together with a refined WL to resolve NL ambiguity with geometry-based
integer estimation and search algorithms. As a result, the above two AR processes performed with WL/NL and EWL/WL signals
respectively, either in sequence or in parallel, can support real time kinematic (RTK) positioning over baselines of tens
to hundreds of kilometres, thus enabling centimetre-to-decimentre positioning at the local, regional and even global scales
in the future. 相似文献
248.
Ocean tide loading (OTL) displacements from global and local grids: comparisons to GPS estimates over the shelf of Brittany, France 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stavros A. Melachroinos R. Biancale M. Llubes F. Perosanz F. Lyard M. Vergnolle M. -N. Bouin F. Masson J. Nicolas L. Morel S. Durand 《Journal of Geodesy》2008,82(6):357-371
In this paper we examine OTL displacements detected by GPS stations of a dedicated campaign and validate ocean tide models.
Our area of study is the continental shelf of Brittany and Cotentin in France. Brittany is one of the few places in the world
where tides provoke loading displacements of ∼10–12 cm vertically and a few cm horizontally. Ocean tide models suffer from
important discrepancies in this region. Seven global and regional ocean tide models were tested: FES2004 corrected for K2,
TPXO.7.0, TPXO.6.2, GOT00.2, CSR4.0, NAO.99b and the most recent regional grids of the North East Atlantic (NEA2004). These
gridded amplitudes and phases of ocean tides were convolved in order to get the predicted OTL displacements using two different
algorithms. Data over a period of 3.5 months of 8 GPS campaign stations located on the north coast of Brittany are used, in
order to evaluate the geographical distribution of the OTL effect. We have modified and implemented new algorithms in our
GPS software, GINS 7.1. GPS OTL constituents are estimated based on 1-day batch solutions. We compare the observed GPS OTL
constituents of M2, S2, N2 and K1 waves with the selected ocean tide models on global and regional grids. Large phase-lag and amplitude discrepancies over
20° and 1.5 cm in the vertical direction in the semi-diurnal band of M2 between predictions and GPS/models are detected in the Bay of Mont St-Michel. From a least squares spectral analysis of the
GPS time-series, significant harmonic peaks in the integer multiples of the orbital periods of the GPS satellites are observed,
indicating the existence of multipath effects in the GPS OTL constituents. The GPS OTL observations agree best with FES2004,
NEA2004, GOT00.2 and CSR4.0 tide models. 相似文献
249.
The ionospheric eclipse factor method (IEFM) and its application to determining the ionospheric delay for GPS 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
A new method for modeling the ionospheric delay using global positioning system (GPS) data is proposed, called the ionospheric
eclipse factor method (IEFM). It is based on establishing a concept referred to as the ionospheric eclipse factor (IEF) λ
of the ionospheric pierce point (IPP) and the IEF’s influence factor (IFF) . The IEF can be used to make a relatively precise distinction between ionospheric daytime and nighttime, whereas the IFF
is advantageous for describing the IEF’s variations with day, month, season and year, associated with seasonal variations
of total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere. By combining λ and with the local time t of IPP, the IEFM has the ability to precisely distinguish between ionospheric daytime and nighttime, as well as efficiently
combine them during different seasons or months over a year at the IPP. The IEFM-based ionospheric delay estimates are validated
by combining an absolute positioning mode with several ionospheric delay correction models or algorithms, using GPS data at
an international Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) service (IGS) station (WTZR). Our results indicate that the IEFM
may further improve ionospheric delay modeling using GPS data. 相似文献
250.
This article presents the application of a multivariate prediction technique for predicting universal time (UT1–UTC), length of day (LOD) and the axial component of atmospheric angular momentum (AAM χ 3). The multivariate predictions of LOD and UT1–UTC are generated by means of the combination of (1) least-squares (LS) extrapolation of models for annual, semiannual, 18.6-year, 9.3-year oscillations and for the linear trend, and (2) multivariate autoregressive (MAR) stochastic prediction of LS residuals (LS + MAR). The MAR technique enables the use of the AAM χ 3 time-series as the explanatory variable for the computation of LOD or UT1–UTC predictions. In order to evaluate the performance of this approach, two other prediction schemes are also applied: (1) LS extrapolation, (2) combination of LS extrapolation and univariate autoregressive (AR) prediction of LS residuals (LS + AR). The multivariate predictions of AAM χ 3 data, however, are computed as a combination of the extrapolation of the LS model for annual and semiannual oscillations and the LS + MAR. The AAM χ 3 predictions are also compared with LS extrapolation and LS + AR prediction. It is shown that the predictions of LOD and UT1–UTC based on LS + MAR taking into account the axial component of AAM are more accurate than the predictions of LOD and UT1–UTC based on LS extrapolation or on LS + AR. In particular, the UT1–UTC predictions based on LS + MAR during El Niño/La Niña events exhibit considerably smaller prediction errors than those calculated by means of LS or LS + AR. The AAM χ 3 time-series is predicted using LS + MAR with higher accuracy than applying LS extrapolation itself in the case of medium-term predictions (up to 100 days in the future). However, the predictions of AAM χ 3 reveal the best accuracy for LS + AR. 相似文献