筋土之间直剪试验与拉拔试验的对比分析

直剪试验和拉拔试验是研究土工合成材料与土界面剪切特性的两种手段,但二者的试验机理存在明显的差异。本文根据筋土界面直剪试验和拉拔试验结果,对这两种试验方法进行了对比分析,探讨了直剪试验和拉拔试验得到的界面剪切强度之间的差别及其原因。试验结果表明:对于机织土工布来说,直剪试验的结果与拉拔试验得到的界面剪切强度相近,但峰值位移差别较大;对于玻纤格栅来说,直剪试验得到的界面剪切强度大于拉拔试验的结果。     

纤维加筋土中单根纤维的拉拔试验及临界加筋长度的确定

纤维加筋土物理力学性质主要受纤维与土界面之间作用力大小的控制,了解界面的微观力学行为对研究纤维加筋土的机制及工程应用具有重要意义。首先,利用自行设计的纤维拉拔试验装置,对不同含水率和不同干密度的土样进行了单根纤维的拉拔试验,测试并计算了单根纤维与土接触面之间的剪切强度和残余剪切强度,分析了含水率和干密度大小对它的影响。结果表明,设计的试验装置和试验方法能较好地进行单根纤维的拉拔试验,具有较高的准确性和精度。获得了纤维加筋土中界面剪切强度和残余强度与土样含水率和干密度之间的定量关系;分析拉力-位移曲线表明,加筋土中纤维的拉拔特性取决于筋土界面的力学行为,曲线的形状受含水率和干密度的影响不明显。最后,利用测得的筋土界面强度导出了纤维加筋的临界长度。     

单、双向塑料土工格栅与不同填料界面作用特性对比试验研究

以上海某植物园加筋土工程为背景,通过一系列室内拉拔和直剪试验,研究了单、双向塑料土工格栅与不同填料（黏性土、砂土）的界面作用特性,对比分析了单、双向格栅的加筋效果和界面剪应力的不同发挥机制,探讨了填料密实度、垂直应力、拉拔速率对界面参数的影响,并就拉拔试验和直剪试验结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,对于单向格栅加筋工况,拉拔曲线和直剪曲线通常表现为应变软化型。然而对于双向格栅加筋工况,其曲线一般表现为应变硬化型;对于双向格栅加筋工况,填料对格栅的嵌锁咬合力增强,宏观上表现为较高的界面黏聚力,加筋效果优于单向格栅;填料密实度、垂直应力、拉拔速率对筋土界面特性具有影响,但其影响程度和机制与填料性质有关。     

管缝式锚杆在拉拔荷载作用下受力分析模型

建立了管缝式锚杆在拉拔荷载作用下的受力分析模型,该模型能够反映锚杆破坏的渐进过程。分析表明,在拉拔荷载作用下管缝式锚杆在荷载作用点最先发生相对滑移,且随着荷载的增加滑移段的长度逐渐增加,直到整根锚杆与围岩发生相对滑移。根据能量守恒原理得到了管缝式锚杆在安装入钻孔后对围岩径向作用力的计算公式。对管缝式锚杆进行了非局部摩擦分析,得到了基于非局部摩擦模型的管缝式锚杆界面剪应力分布。研究了管缝式锚杆直径对锚杆界面剪应力分布的影响,同时得到了锚杆最大抗拉拔力与锚杆长度之间的关系。将理论模型预测值与试验结果对比,验证了理论模型的有效性。     

压力分散型锚索在地质灾害应急抢险工程中的应用

压力分散型锚索有效地避免了锚固段应力集中、钢绞线受力不均而导致某些锚固段上的钢绞线过早拉断的现象,受力性能更加合理,工程适用性广。近年来,压力分散型锚索在高边坡,特别是破碎岩体边坡加固方面得到了越来越多的应用,并取得了良好的加固效果。以广州南沙某地质灾害应急抢险工程为例,通过现场分散型锚索极限抗拉拔试验提出设计原则和设计值,并详细介绍了压力分散型锚索的施工工艺。     

锚索锚固力影响因素的试验分析研究

树脂锚索锚固力的影响因素复杂、锚固机理不完善,造成了支护参数设计不合理,甚至发生围岩加固失败。针对回采巷道顶板岩层含水状况,通过室内锚索拉拔试验,分析研究了锚索锚固长度、孔径、树脂药卷包装膜和水等对锚固力的影响规律,总结出锚索载荷随位移变化的4种形式,以及锚索轴力分布的规律,对树脂锚索的支护参数设计及机理研究具有参考价值。     

土工格栅与砂土的细观界面特性研究

对大尺寸土工格栅筋土拉拔试验进行颗粒流数值模拟,从细观角度研究了筋土界面特性。分析结果表明,利用颗粒流理论及程序中的"clump"方法开发的类三角形砂土颗粒与实际砂土颗粒性状较一致;拉拔过程中筋土上下界面并不对称,下界面扰动范围比上界面大;在砂土密实度及法向应力较低情况下,筋土界面厚度随法向应力的增大而减小,两者呈一负相关的线性关系。     

Experimental,numerical and analytical study on conventional and innovative Grid-Anchor system in the pull-out test

With increasing use of geosynthetic applications in earth structures the need to develop more efficient reinforcement elements becomes evident. In this paper a conventional and an innovative geogrid system (named Grid-Anchor) are tested. The Grid-Anchor system consists of a conventional geogrid with anchors attached to it. The pull-out test has been used to highlight the capabilities of the product. Experimental investigation along with numerical studies using a finite element computer code was carried out. It was found that the ultimate pull-out resistance of a Grid-Anchor is more than that for an ordinary geogrid. Analytical study has been performed and the effect of an anchor group on the ultimate resistance of a geogrid was investigated.     

Spar平台吸力式基础极限承载特性数值分析

以国外某深海Spar平台工程为背景,针对其所采用的细长型吸力式基础的抗拔承载特性进行三维有限元数值分析.分析中充分考虑土体强度、加载位置和加载角度对吸力式基础极限抗拔承载力的影响,本构模型中钢筒基础采用弹塑性模型.分析结果表明,吸力式基础的极限抗拨承载力随着土体强度的增大而增大,倾斜加载时在基础插入土体部分中点左右加载可取得最大的极限承载力,极限抗拔承载力还随着加载角度的增大而增大.吸力式基础存在倾斜加载时桶基础与桶内外土体的共同塑性屈服破坏和垂直加载时桶外土体的局部剪切破坏等两种不同的破坏模式.     

ANALYSIS OF ROCKBOLT REINFORCEMENT USING BEAM-COLUMN THEORY

A simple analytical procedure that applies classical beam-column theory for evaluating passive rockbolt roof reinforcement is presented in this paper. The analytical model is derived from first principles and is capable of modelling any number of reinforcing bolts. Each rockbolt is modelled as a linear spring and the model allows for non-uniform bolt spacing. In this study the rock beam is assumed to be isotropic and linearly elastic for the sake of simplicity. However, the analytical model can be extended to include anisotropic rockmass as well as inelastic material behaviour. The solution to the coupled set of governing equations is obtained by using a simple numerical solution procedure. The results from the analytical model indicate that the critical buckling load of a rock beam is strongly influenced by the ambient rock modulus. For salt-rock excavations the rock modulus typically declines with time due to various phenomena, and a diminished modulus could seriously compromise roof stability. The other main conclusion of this study is that rockbolts loose their effectiveness in restraining a roof beam once its critical buckling load is approached. In such a situation, increasing bolt stiffness does not improve its reinforcing action on a roof beam but it enhances the possibility of bolt failure due to anchor pull-out. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech., vol. 21, 241–253 (1997)