Sedimentary records of the late Early Cretaceous compressional setting in the South China block: A case study of the Xingning Basin,Guangdong Province

Recently, some scholars have proposed that the South China Block (SCB) was controlled by a compressive tectonic regime in the middle–late Early Cretaceous, challenging the belief that the SCB was under an extensional setting during the Cretaceous. The Early Cretaceous tectonic setting constraint in the SCB can offer vital insight to clarify the Mesozoic subduction history of the Paleo-Pacific. Therefore, to determine the SCB tectonic regime during the Early Cretaceous, this study investigated sedimentary rocks from the Lower Cretaceous Heshui Formation in the Xingning Basin, a foreland basin located in the southeastern SCB. Provenance analysis was performed using sandstone modal analysis, sandstone geochemical characteristics, and detrital zircon geochronology. Based on the results, we discussed basin sediment sources and the SCB tectonic regime during the Early Cretaceous. The results showed that the maximum Heshui Formation depositional age was 103 Ma ± 1.6 Ma in the Early Cretaceous Albian. Detrital framework modes and geochemical characteristics of sandstone indicated that Heshui Formation's source rocks were granites and sedimentary rocks. The detrital zircon U–Pb ages could be classified into two major and four subordinate age populations. The Wuyi Terrane to the north and southeast coastal regions to the east were the primary potential Heshui Formation source areas. However, the lower and upper sandstones are different in the peak ages, ~437 and ~146 to 104 Ma, respectively, indicating that the major source area shifted from the Wuyi Terrane to the southeastern coastal regions during the late Early Cretaceous. The sandstone modal analysis results indicated that the source area comprised mainly collisional–orogenic material. The SCB was under a compressive tectonic regime during the late Early Cretaceous and this compression action continued until at least 103 Ma ± 1.6 Ma.     

Using a fluvial archive to place extreme flood sediment (dis)connectivity dynamics in context of a longer-term record

The aim of this study was to establish the source and provenance of sediments deposited in a large floodplain sink during extreme floods in the Lockyer Creek catchment, Australia, in 2011 and 2013. We place the sediment source patterns in context of the longer-term record to determine whether coarse-grained sediment sources (i.e., very fine sand to very coarse sand) and the spatio-temporal pattern of (dis)connectivity have changed over time. We do this by matching the geochemical properties and age structure of a sediment profile located in a downstream floodplain sink to the elemental composition of source sediments. One hundred and fifty-seven sediment samples from 20 sites across the catchment are analysed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry to compare the elemental ratio composition of the downstream floodplain sink to its source materials. We use Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating to determine the age structure of the sediments in the floodplain sink. The northern tributaries and parts of the Lockyer River trunk stream are the primary sources of coarse sediment. These areas are connected (coupled) to the lower trunk stream and floodplain sediment sink. Southern tributaries are largely disconnected (decoupled) and supply little sediment to the floodplain sediment sink. This pattern of sediment source contribution has remained similar over the last 6.8 ka at least. Sediment sources as observed in the 2011 flood have predominated over the mid-late Holocene whilst those in the 2013 flood are rare.     

月球资源探测信息的管理与可视化探讨

在中国未来的月球探测计划中,可能获取的月球表层数据包括地形、地貌、岩层、土壤、资源、环境以及各种相关的结构、物质成分数据。这些数据既有空间数据,也有属性数据。为了实现月球资源探测工作信息化,可以借鉴“数字地球”的理念并采用“多S”结合与集成化技术,对所获取的海量月球表层数据进行一体化存贮管理,构建一个“数字月球”并实现其空间数据和属性数据之间的双向查询检索,以及对表层复杂结构信息分析的可视化。     

Growth and provenance of a Paleozoic subduction complex in the Broken River Province,Mossman Orogen: evidence from detrital zircon ages

A Paleozoic subduction complex dominates the Mossman Orogen developed at the northern extremity of the Tasmanides, eastern Australia. Its southern part, displayed in the Broken River Province, is characterised by dismembered ocean-plate stratigraphy in which turbidite-dominated packages and widespread tectonic mélange development are characteristic. The Broken River complex is characterised by formations with quartzose sandstone alternating with those largely formed of sandstone of more labile character. The two compositional groups are considered to reflect separate, age-significant sedimentary regimes, but their ages have hitherto been poorly constrained. With the use of 1082 concordant detrital zircon ages from 13 samples we provide age control for the complex and track its sedimentary provenance. Of quartzose units, the Tribute Hills Arenite and Pelican Range Formation are late Cambrian–Early Ordovician, and the Wairuna Formation is Middle to Late Ordovician, in age. The more labile units (Greenvale, Perry Creek and Kangaroo Hills formations) are collectively of late Silurian–mid-Devonian age. Development of the complex spanned some 130 Myr. Continent-derived sediment involved in accretion of much the complex, from mid-Ordovician to mid-Devonian, was largely sourced from a nearby magmatic arc of late Cambrian–Devonian age, now represented by granitoid plutons of the Macrossan and Pama igneous associations. An older far-field Pacific-Gondwana sediment source is characteristic of early-phase (late Cambrian–Early Ordovician) accretion, in common with sedimentary units of this age generally developed in the Tasmanides. We consider the complex to have grown largely by underplating that positioned younger components beneath those that are older, with out-of-sequence thrust interleaving of these components occurring late in the accretionary history. A Late Devonian contractional folding and cleavage development (Tabberabberan orogenesis) is uniformly expressed across the entire complex and reflects an abrupt change in plate engagement with imposition of a compressional stress regime.     

基于探地雷达属性分析的典型岩溶不良地质识别方法

采用探地雷达进行岩溶隧道超前地质预报时,受现场探测环境、岩溶地质的复杂性以及解译技术制约,多解性问题一直未能得到很好解决。从依托工程中选取代表性的案例,分析总结隧道建设中常见的几种典型岩溶不良地质的属性特征,结果表明岩溶不良地质类型与探地雷达属性参数有很好相关性,其中:空腔型溶洞、干燥松散黏土夹碎石充填型溶洞和无水破碎带雷达反射波中心频率随时间衰减较慢,分布范围分别为90~105、85~100、70~110MHz;软塑状黏土充填型溶洞和富水破碎带雷达反射波中心频率随时间衰减较快,分布范围分别为60~80MHz和40~70MHz。研究属性特征定量表示方法,提出基于广义S变换及子波谱模拟的雷达波吸收衰减参数计算方法。实际数据分析结果表明:每种属性都能从某些角度反映岩溶不良地质体雷达反射波的特征,在综合多个特征参数后,可以较好地区分不同的岩溶不良地质类型,从而提高探地雷达目标识别精度。     

Final Closure Time of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean: Implication from the Provenance Transformation from the Yangjiagou Formation to Lujiatun Formation in the Jiutai Area,NE China

The Jiutai area is tectonically situated at the eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB) and is close to the North China Craton(NCC) to the south, serving as an ideal place to investigations of the closure of the PaleoAsian Ocean(PAO). Sandstone samples collected from the Yangjiagou Formation and the Lujiatun Formation in this area have been studied in detail in terms of petrology, geochronology and geochemistry. The maximum depositional time of the Yangjiagou and Lujiatun formations has been constrained to early Middle Triassic(ca. 245 Ma) and middle Late Triassic(ca. 219 Ma), respectively. The Yangjiagou Formation, with a major provenance of dissected island arcs, is dominantly composed of Phanerozoic sediments from Northeastern China(NE China) massifs. The Lujiatun Formation, with major sediments from active continental margins, has a relatively larger proportion of Precambrian sediments, in which the ～1.85 Ga and ～2.5 Ga sediments are typical of the crystalline basements of the NCC and NE China massifs, which were uplifted and eroded during the closure of the PAO. Besides, both formations show the enrichment in LREEs and the depletion in HREEs, the common Eu negative anomalies, and trace element contents similar to that of the upper continental crust. Based on the provenance analysis of these two formations, the final closure time of the PAO in this area is constrained as from the early Middle Triassic(ca. 245 Ma) to the middle Late Triassic(ca. 219 Ma).     

扬子板块西北缘早中泥盆世构造演化：来自略阳地区踏坡组岩石学、锆石年代学和微量元素组成的约束

碧口地块北缘下中泥盆统踏坡组的物源长期被认为来自碧口地块新元古界基底——碧口岩群,但一直缺少碎屑锆石物源数据的支持。本文对略阳地区泥盆系踏坡组不同层位的3个碎屑岩样品开展了系统的岩石学、锆石岩相学及其U-Pb定年和微量元素组成研究。锆石晶体特征对比分析显示,研究样品存在两种类型的锆石:普遍发育变质增生边的碎屑锆石(剖面北段样品)和不发育变质增生边的典型岩浆成因的碎屑锆石(剖面南、中段样品)。前者显示2个年龄峰值(～2.5 Ga主峰、～2.0 Ga次峰),还形成了2473±24 Ma的上交点年龄和359±84 Ma的下交点年龄,而后者两个样品有着一致的年龄峰值(～2.0 Ga主峰、～2.5 Ga次峰和～1.39 Ga微小峰值)。3个样品的谐和年龄均大于1.3 Ga,并不能限定踏坡组的沉积时代,且均不支持其物源主要来自碧口岩群的传统认识。碎屑锆石地球化学判别图解指示它们的源岩主要为形成于造山带环境中的花岗岩类(花岗闪长岩和英云闪长岩)、基性岩和钾镁煌斑岩。基于样品中的岩屑类型,结合区域地质、古流向、锆石年龄对比和源岩判别,认为踏坡组的原始物源来自位于扬子板块北缘的太古宙—古元古代基底(鱼洞子杂岩和崆岭杂岩),并且鱼洞子杂岩在踏坡组沉积后期曾大面积出露/抬升。同时表明碧口地块可能至少在早中泥盆世就与扬子板块拼合在一起了。     

元素地球化学揭示的长江中游鄱阳湖地区中更新世以来粉尘堆积的物源特征及其环境意义

位于长江中游的鄱阳湖地区深受东亚季风影响,因其特殊的地理、地貌与水文、水系特征,自中更新世以来随着冬季风的加强,在大姑组、九江组砾石层之上风成堆积广泛发育。该区域中、上更新统表现为网纹红土、均质红土和下蜀黄土的独特沉积序列,厘清这三套独特沉积序列的物质来源对于我们认识东亚季风演化及其区域环境响应至关重要。本文选择了长江中游鄱阳湖地区10个典型剖面,基于<20μm颗粒组分的元素地球化学特征,研究了该地区中、上更新统粉尘堆积的特点,并将其与黄土高原西峰黄土和东秦岭黄土做了对比分析。研究认为,长江中游鄱阳湖地区这套独特的沉积序列,元素特征基本相似,具有贫Co、Pb,富Zr、Hf,低Eu/Eu^*(0.53~0.62)、LaN/YbN(4~8)、Ta/Zr(0~0.006)、Nb/Zr(0~0.09),高Y/Ho(28~30)、Zr/Hf(36~48)等特点,与黄土高原与东秦岭黄土有显著区别。基于Hf-Th-Co、Th-Sc-Zr/10和Th-Sc-La蜘蛛图投影分析,鄱阳湖地区第四纪粉尘物质的源岩接近于石英岩类,为被动大陆边缘构造背景下的产物,显著区别于黄土高原与东秦岭黄土(源岩接近于页岩,形成于大陆岛弧构造背景)。进一步分析认为,网纹红土、均质红土的母质均与区域下蜀黄土类似,推测它们均来自于其冬季风上风方向的长江或赣江的古河谷漫滩,这套独特的沉积序列是第四纪以来长江中游现代格局的水系贯通后,冬季风增强,吹蚀大江大河广阔的古河谷漫滩而形成的区域粉尘堆积的结果;是湿热的亚热带季风区对于中更新世以来在轨道尺度上冬夏季风均加强的背景下独特的区域响应。     

基于叠前深度偏移的AVO反演在神狐海域试采区的应用

为了更好地研究神狐海域试采区天然气水合物的展布形态和赋存状况,基于高精度层析速度反演后的叠前深度偏移地震资料进行AVO反演技术研究。为在天然气水合物富集区有效地进行AVO研究,AVO处理前运用叠前深度偏移技术,通过高精度层析反演不断迭代速度模型;然后通过偏移来改善资料的质量,结合实测钻井资料进行AVO正演分析、反演可行性分析、属性交会分析;最后将具有高横向分辨能力的地震资料和高垂向分辨能力的测井资料与地质相结合进行叠前同时反演。该方法可反演出纵、横波阻抗等属性,直接进行岩性和流体识别,结果表明,在AVO反演中引入叠前深度偏移技术,为反演提供了较高质量的叠前共反射点道集和精细的层速度模型,改善了AVO技术在试采区的应用效果,提高了反演的可靠性。反演出的各种属性为AVO分析提供了丰富的信息,能够比较准确地反映地下水合物矿体的展布情况,可用于后续水合物储层的分析及综合研究,对未来的水合物勘探开采具有重要的现实意义。     

松辽盆地开鲁坳陷钱家店地区姚家组砂岩地球化学特征及物源和构造背景分析

为了开展钱家店铀矿床砂岩型铀矿的进一步找矿工作,对采集到的上白垩统姚家组19件砂岩样品进行了主、微量和稀土元素分析,并结合前人成果,对姚家组的沉积物源及源岩构造背景进行了探讨。结果表明,姚家组砂岩主要为长石砂岩,矿物成分主要为石英、钾长石和斜长石等;其轻重稀土比为6.96~14.66,均值为10.17;LaN/YbN为7.58~20.95,均值为11.74,说明轻稀土元素相对重稀土元素明显富集,分馏明显。稀土元素配分模式曲线高度一致,也表明姚家组砂岩具有同源性;其ICV值为0.86~2.78,平均值1.34,大部分大于1,表现为未成熟的性质,为初次旋回的沉积物;修正后的CIA均值62.5,暗示源岩经历中等化学风化作用;砂岩碎屑为近源的第一次旋回沉积物,受沉积分选和再循环作用影响不大;姚家组源岩以火山弧物质和大陆上地壳长英质物质为主,源岩主要形成于大陆边缘和大陆岛弧环境;开鲁坳陷形成于早白垩世随着古太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲速度的减小而在东北地区出现的北西-南东向拉张构造环境中,并接受盆地西部大兴安岭南段海西期和燕山期岩浆岩、火山岩沉积。