华南锑矿带单锑型锑矿床“两层楼”二元成矿模型——以滇东南木利锑矿床为例

华南锑矿带是我国乃至世界上最重要的锑成矿带, 分布有众多大型-超大型单锑型锑矿床。本文以滇东南木利锑矿床作为主要研究对象, 并与华南锑矿带内单锑型矿床中最典型的锡矿山和独山锑矿田(床)进行详细的基础地质特征对比研究。发现对于单锑型锑矿田(床)而言, 无论是矿田尺度还是矿床尺度, 普遍具有“石英-辉锑矿”和“方解石-辉锑矿”两种矿石类型。同一矿田内, 部分矿床(段)以“石英-辉锑矿”的矿物组合为主, 部分以“方解石-辉锑矿”的矿物组合为主; 而矿床(段)尺度内, 又往往表现为上部“石英-辉锑矿”型矿物组合, 下部为“方解石-辉锑矿”型矿物组合的两层楼模式。该模型的提出对于华南锑矿带单锑型矿床成因研究和找矿勘查具有重要意义。     

南岭西段花山-姑婆山侵入岩带锆石U-Pb年龄格架及其地质意义

花山-姑婆山侵入岩带位于南岭西段,由牛庙、同安、花山、金子岭、乌羊山和姑婆山等岩体所组成,10个锆石样品的 SHRIMP U-Pb 法、LA-ICP-MS 法和熔融法定年结果显示,该带中主要的闪长质和花岗质岩体侵位于160～163Ma 这一狭窄的时间范围内,表明中—晚侏罗世之交是本区岩浆活动的高峰时期,它们在时间上、空间上、物质来源上、构造背景上和成因机制上有着十分密切的联系。姑婆山里松花岗岩与其中暗色包体结晶年龄的一致性,从一个重要的方面否定了暗色包体是浅部围岩捕虏体或深部熔融残留体的可能性,并为它们的岩浆混合成因提供了一个重要依据。具有充分分异演化特征的新路晚阶段细粒花岗岩小岩体中锆石的 U-Pb 年龄值为151Ma,比主体花岗岩大约晚10Ma,它可能反映了本区主体花岗岩岩浆房分离结晶和演化的时间跨度。桂岭和大宁岩体侵位于加里东晚期。     

云南宁蒗地区喜山期斑岩体岩石化学特征与成矿性及其岩浆来源探讨

宁蒗地区喜山期斑岩带受近现北向的包都－波罗弧形断裂带控制,由壳幔混源型岩浆浆被动侵位耐成,总结上呈向北逐渐倾伏的趋势。该斑岩带斑岩属钙碱性系列、中酸性岩类。通过对该斑岩带各斑岩体（群）地质特征、岩石化学特征的综合分析,表明其为含铜斑岩或铜（钼）斑岩,具良好的成矿前景。     

大别山造山带中生代逆冲推覆构造系统

大别山造山带为一条中生代陆内造山带 ,其构造系统是由逆冲推覆构造组成的构造楔形体 ,尖端指向南。构成逆冲系统的 4条主干逆掩断层 ,由南向北呈后展式 (上叠式 )依次扩展 ,并使基底岩系和沉积盖层同时卷入构造变形 ,形成了大型薄皮构造 ,造成地壳缩短量达 46 8%。大别山造山带的逆冲推覆构造系统形成于早侏罗世晚期—早白垩世 (J3 1—K1)。     

黑龙江省中西部地球排气与地震活动的探讨

本文根据近两年来在黑龙江省中西部沿断裂带逸出的H2、CO、H2S等还原性气体组合,结合C、H、S、He、Ar同位素研究,讨论了还原性气体组合的深源特征。在此基础上以安达地震为例,作者阐明了以氢气为首的还原性气体逸出与深部构造背景及其与地震的关系。深源还原性气体的逸出孕育着地壳不稳定的因素,有诱发地震和其他自然灾害的可能。地球排气作用与地震作用关系的研究在类似黑龙江省中西部大面积被第四系覆盖的地区是地震预报较为有效的手段。     

Origin of Paleofluids in Dabashan Foreland Thrust Belt:Geochemical Evidence of 13C,18O and 87Sr/86Sr in Veins and Host Rocks

In the last ten years, with important discoveries from oil and gas exploration in the Dabashan foreland depression belt in the borderland between Shanxi and Sichuan provinces, the relationship between the formation and evolution of, and hydrocarbon accumulation in, this foreland thrust belt from the viewpoint of basin and oil and gas exploration has been studied. At the same time, there has been little research on the origin of fluids within the belt. Based on geochemical system analysis including Z values denoting salinity and research on δ13C, δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr isotopes in the host rocks and veins, the origin of paleofluids in the foreland thrust belt is considered. There are four principal kinds of paleofluid, including deep mantle-derived, sedimentary, mixed and meteoric. For the deep mantle-derived fluid, the δ13C is generally less than ?5.0‰PDB, δ18O less than -10.0‰PDB, Z value less than 110 and 87Sr/86Sr less than 0.70600; the sedimentary fluid is mainly marine carbonate-derived, with the δ13C generally more than ?2.0‰PDB, δ18O less than ?10.0‰PDB, Z value more than 120 and 87Sr/86Sr ranging from 0.70800 to 0.71000; the mixed fluid consists mainly of marine carbonate fluid (including possibly a little mantle-derived fluid or meteoric water), with the δ13C generally ranging from ?2.0‰ to ?8.0‰PDB, δ18O from ?10.0‰ to ?18.0‰ PDB, Z value from 105 to 120 and 87Sr/86Sr from 0.70800 to 0.71000; the atmospheric fluid consists mainly of meteoric water, with the δ13C generally ranging from 0.0‰ to ?10.0‰PDB, δ18O less than ?8.0‰PDB, Z value less than 110 and 87Sr/86Sr more than 0.71000. The Chengkou fault belt encompasses the most complex origins, including all four types of paleofluid; the Zhenba and Pingba fault belts and stable areas contain a simple paleofluid mainly of sedimentary type; the Jimingsi fault belt contains mainly sedimentary and mixed fluids, both consisting of sedimentary fluid and meteoric water. Jurassic rocks of the foreland depression belt contain mainly meteoric fluid.     

云南宁蒗地区喜山期斑岩带岩石化学特征和岩浆来源与成矿

宁蒗地区喜山期斑岩带为扬子西缘构造活动带喜山期构造－斑岩成矿带的重要组成部分，通过斑岩体岩石化学特征等的综合分析研究，得出了岩浆物质源于幔源，并有陆壳组分参与的壳幔混源型岩浆，斑岩体属含铜斑岩或铜斑岩。斑岩带具良好的成矿地质条件与前景。     

Pan-African high pressure granulites from SE-Kenya: Petrological and geothermobarometric evidence for a polycyclic evolution in the Mozambique belt

Two different Pan-African tectono-metamorphic events are recognised in the Taita Hill Tsavo East National Park/Galana river area, SE-Kenya (Mozambique belt) based on petrographic and geothermobarometric evidence. Structurally, this area can be subdivided into four units: (1) the easternmost part of the basement along the Galana river is characterized by subhorizontal slightly to the west and east dipping foliation planes. Migmatic paragneisses with intercalated marbles, calcsilicates and metapelites and bands of amphibolites are the dominant rock type. (2) The western part of the Galana river within the Tsavo East National Park is a ca. 25 km wide shear zone with subvertical foliation planes. The eastern part shows similar rocks as observed in unit 1, while towards west, metasedimentary units become rare and the main rock types are tonalitic gneisses with intercalated amphibolites. (3) A 10 km wide zone (Sagala Hills zone) between the strike slip zone (unit 2) and the Taita Hills (unit 4) is developed. This zone is characterized by elongated and folded felsic migmatic amphibole and garnet bearing orthogneiss bodies with intercalated bands of mafic rocks. (4) The Taita Hills are a slightly to the N dipping nappe stack. The main rock type in the Taita Hills are amphibole–biotite–plagioclase–quartz ± garnet ± clinopyroxene ± scapolite bearing migmatic gneisses with mafic bands. In the southern part, metapelites, marbles and some amphibolites are common.Although the geological structures are different in units 1 and 2, the calculated PT conditions are similar with peak PT of 760–820 °C and 7.5–9.5 kbar. Temperatures in unit 3 (Sagalla Hills zone) and unit 4 (Taita Hills) are slightly higher ca. 760–840 °C, but pressure is significantly higher, ranging from 10 to 12 kbar. Sillimanite growth around kyanite, garnet zonation pattern, mineral reaction textures, and PT calculations constrain a “clock-wise” PT-path with near isobaric cooling following the peak of metamorphism. The different PT conditions, tectonic setting, and a different age of metamorphism are evidence that units 1 and 2 (Galana river) belong to a different tectono-metamorphic event than unit 3 (Sagala Hills zone) and 4 (Taita Hills). The major shear zone (unit 2) marks a tectonic suture dividing the two different tectono-metamorphic domains. It is also likely that it played an important role during exhumation of the granulite facies rocks from units 3 and 4.     

东昆仑东段纳赤台岩群变沉积岩地球化学特征及构造意义

东昆仑东段出露的下古生界纳赤台岩群为一套变沉积－火山岩系,是该地区早古生代构造演化的重要物质记录。岩石学及地球化学特征表明,纳赤台岩群变沉积岩主要岩石类型有绢云石英片岩、二云石英片岩、长石石英片岩和绿泥绢云片岩,局部夹有少量大理岩、片麻岩和石英岩,其原岩主要为砂岩、杂砂岩及少量泥质岩。岩石具较高的SiO₂(平均为69.82%)、Sr(平均为559.60×10^-6)、Ba(平均为194.68×10^-6)含量,微量元素含量与大陆上地壳丰度很相近,轻重稀土分异明显、轻稀土富集而重稀土亏损、有明显的负Eu异常,反映出源区的物质成分主要为长英质,来源于上地壳,很少有地幔物质的加入。化学蚀变指数为49.70~75.95、成分变异指数为1.32~2.01,表明物源区风化程度较低,处于寒冷、半干旱的气候区,是活动构造带的首次沉积。变沉积岩形成于活动大陆边缘－大陆岛弧环境,与共生的变火山岩地球化学特征所指示的构造环境一致,共同记录了早古生代原特提斯洋向北俯冲导致东昆仑地区拉张形成弧后小洋盆的地质过程,进一步证实东昆南构造带的早古生代板块体制应该属于活动大陆边缘。     

湖南大地构造单元划分及其地球物理场特征

不同大地构造单元,具有不同的地球物理场特征,这些特征,显然是划分不同构造单元的准则之一。湖南大地构造分区的焦点,是江南地轴的归属问题,本文根据地震和重磁资料等,论述了它隶属于扬子准地台的合理性。指出省内两个一级构造单元的分界应在江南地轴东南缘,其南西段与传统界线一致,北东段有重大改变,应将衡阳盆地和浏阳隆起包容到江南地轴区。最后,本文突出地球物理场特征,在前人工作的基础上对我省Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级构造单元进行了划分。