An experimental and numerical investigation on the deformation of overlying coal seams above double-seam extraction for controlling coal mine methane emissions

This study investigates the deformation and the resultant pressure relief of highly gassy coal seams where a double seam mining operation takes place at lower depths at the Wulan Coal Mine, China. In order to predict the depressurization effect in the overlying coal seams, we simulate the extraction process by constructing a scaled model in the laboratory using similar rock materials. Analyses of experimental results concluded that due to the mining-induced stress redistribution, the pressure within target coal seams, which were 109 m above the mined seams, could be fully relieved to attain the statutory approval for gas drainage.In addition to scaled-model studies, computational modeling studies were conducted using UDEC (Universal Distinct Element Code), which showed that the features of deformation resulting from the double-seam extraction were different from that of in the case of single-seam extraction. The results of the numerical studies revealed that in addition to the panel margin on the air return side, areas near the intake entry could also be considered as borehole drilling positions. Besides, it was found that the gob of the extracted seams below the gassy one provided a “buffering effect” for the would-mined protective coal seam and that the depressurization effect was largely weakened.The laboratorial findings are instructive to the field practice of methane drainage. During the mining operation, a “displacement comparison method” was adopted to measure the dilated amount of protected coal seams, and as expected, the maximum dilation percentage was much more than 0.2% — the critical value upon which the target coal seam is appropriately depressurized to allow gas drainage to be safely and effectively implemented.     

三维工程地质模型在防水煤岩柱留设研究中的应用展望

在第四纪厚松散含水层下采煤。留设防水煤岩柱是预防顶板水的有效方法。本文从该研究的现状及存在的问题出发,提出运用三维工程地质模型方法探讨导水裂隙带,含水层,保护层的三维形态,进而通过空间分析并结合生产实际确定合理的防水煤岩柱尺寸,实现水体下煤炭资源的充分开发。     

Simplified analysis of asymmetric structures with supplemental damping

This study investigated the effects of neglecting off‐diagonal terms of the transformed damping matrix on the seismic response of non‐proportionally damped asymmetric‐plan systems with the specific aim of identifying the range of system parameters for which this simplification can be used without introducing significant errors in the response. For this purpose, a procedure is presented in which modal damping ratios computed by neglecting off‐diagonal terms of the transformed damping matrix are used in the traditional modal analysis. The effects of the simplification are evaluated first by comparing the aforementioned modal damping ratios with the apparent damping ratios obtained from the complex‐valued eigenanalysis. The variation of a parameter that was defined by Warburton and Soni as an indicator of the errors introduced by the simplification is examined next. Finally, edge deformations obtained from the simplified procedure are compared with those obtained from the direct integration of the equations of motion. It is found that the simplified procedure may be used without introducing significant errors in response for most practical values of the system parameters. Furthermore, estimates of the edge deformations, in general, tend to be on the conservative side. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

武汉地区云地闪电特征及防护效率研究

采用武汉地区2006年3月至2009年2月云地闪电资料,统计分析了武汉地区云地闪电特征及其直击雷防护效率,为该地区的雷电防护工程设计和雷击风险评估提供参考依据。统计分析表明,武汉地区年平均云地闪电次数为45693次;负闪电占闪电总数的96.0%,平均负闪电强度为32.6 kA;正闪电占闪电总数的4.0%,平均正闪电强度为38.3 kA。4-8月闪电占全年闪电总数的96.9%,其中7-8月闪电占全年闪电总数的70.8%,9月至次年3月闪电仅占全年闪电总数的3.1%。正、负闪电强度主要集中在10-50 kA,平均陡度为12 kA/μs左右。通过统计分析,拟合出适合武汉地区大于某一雷电流幅值累计概率方程。武汉市新洲区西南部与黄陂区东南部交接地区和江夏区东部地区是闪电高密度中心,年平均闪电次数在8.5次/km~2以上。武汉地区建筑物直击雷保护范围按照1、2、3类防雷类别设计时,其绕击率分别为1.3%、3.3%和11.5%,反击率分别为0.1%、0.2%、1.6%。     

黏度时变性灌浆材料加固碎裂岩体应用研究

针对普通水泥浆流动时间长、早期强度低、可灌性差,在复杂岩体注浆中质量难以保证的问题,提出以普通水泥浆为基浆,对普通水泥浆适当掺加外掺剂进行改良,以调节水泥水化及硬化进程,形成SJP黏度时变性灌浆材料。其特征主要为浆液初始流动性好,浆液黏度增长缓慢,浆液过可泵时间后其黏度将迅速增大,浆液在可泵时间内保持良好的可灌性;浆液流动时间可控,可泵时间到初凝时间间隔短,浆液不易被冲蚀;同时浆液固结体具有前期强度增长快,后期强度高的特点;可以根据不同岩层特点,改变外掺剂的加入量,可以形成与地层良好适应性的灌浆材料。应用结果表明:对于陡倾、宽缝、碎裂岩体,SJP黏度时变性灌浆材料具有良好适宜性,可以作为锚杆灌浆材料,在减少材料用量的同时,可缩短工时,灌注质量满足设计要求。SJP灌浆材料已应用到坝基加固、房屋地基处理、地质灾害治理工程中。     

快速加固吹填泥浆的试验研究与分析

为了研究利用外掺剂加快吹填泥浆的沉积落淤问题,找到能够使吹填土尽快地从泥浆状态转变为具有一定承载力的地基方法,将吹填泥浆中分别加入水泥、生石灰、水泥和生石灰混合剂,通过沉降柱试验模拟了外掺剂作用下吹填泥浆的落淤、自重固结、预压下强度增长等过程,并从粒度成分、矿物成分、和微观结构方面进行了加固机理的分析,从而在吹填的同时对吹填泥浆进行加固。结合处理前后相关试验结果的对比分析发现,外掺剂能够加速吹填泥浆的落淤、固结及强度增长。     

Evaluation of the seismic response of masonry buildings based on energy functions

This work is based on energies evaluated from the responses of 12 stone and brick masonry systems subjected to 58 shaking table tests. The evolution of input energy during a damaging base excitation is correlated to the change of the damage patterns of the considered buildings. The comparison among energies dissipated and absorbed by the buildings during the various shocks gives some hints on strengthening strategies. It is found that damage to spandrel beams produces a more significant energy absorption than other types of damage. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

考虑轴力弯矩耦合的截面随动强化恢复力模型

截面层次的恢复力模型能兼顾计算精度与计算效率,为此在梁-柱单元中得到了广泛的应用。但目前给定＂轴力-弯矩-曲率＂的截面恢复力模型无法灵活考虑轴力与弯矩的耦合作用;采用屈服面的截面恢复力模型尚未考虑截面强化效应。提出了基于屈服面的截面随动强化恢复力模型及其积分方法,首先依据截面屈服面建立了截面随动强化恢复力模型,然后依托塑性理论,进行截面状态确定和本构关系积分。最后利用所提出的恢复力模型进行了悬臂柱的静力往复分析。结果表明：（1）所选用的截面恢复力模型能很好考虑轴力存在对弯矩的影响;（2）该模型具有随动强化的特性;（3）在精度上接近纤维截面所用的单轴材料随动强化模型。     

山西省首届青年科学大会论文论朔州神头岩溶泉水的保护及开发

神头岩溶泉水域广阔、岩溶构造极发育,形成闻天然的地下水库。由于水资源极其丰富、水质又好,故为雁北地区能源发展的主要基础,为使区内能源工业及经济持续、高速发展,必须对岩溶水实行保护性开发利用,降低地表水流失,监测地下水位的升降,确保岩溶泉水补排转化的平衡及神头泉区自然排放的清洁泉湖环境。     

PS溶液渗透对非饱和土的增强效应研究

特定模数硅酸钾溶液(PS)已广泛的用于我国西北干旱地区土遗址加固保护工程中,并且取得了显著的效果.但是PS对潮湿地区遗址土加固效果,目前尚缺乏成熟的理论和实验验证.本文从室内试验的资料出发,研究PS对潮湿地区土遗址非饱和土的增强效应.本次研究土样取自位于潮湿环境中的浙江杭州良渚土遗址(3000 B C.),在实验室内对...