利用测日实现快速天文定向

介绍了天文方位角测量原理,给出了实用的计算太阳视位置的方法;研究了在白天恒星无法应用的情况下,利用电子经纬仪测日进行快速天文定向及方位角测量,给出了具体的实施方法及数据解算过程,并对实际测量数据进行了精度分析。     

一种抑制GPS射频干扰的空频自适应处理算法

为了提高窄带干扰与期望卫星信号同向时的抑制性能,提出了一种新的空频自适应滤波算法。该算法首先利用频域实系数自适应滤波对信号进行预处理抑制窄带干扰,然后在频域直接对处理后的信号进行空频自适应处理抑制宽带干扰。算法在预处理时采用自适应滤波可有效减少期望卫星信号的损失以及SFAP导向矢量误差。仿真实验表明,相对于普通的空时及空频自适应处理算法,新算法有效地提高了输出信干噪比,在干扰与信号同向的情况下也能表现出优良的处理性能。     

新疆全区域似大地水准面的建立

简述了大地水准面精化的方法、原理及新疆似大地水准面确定的过程。     

非对称缓和曲线坐标计算方法

本文重点阐述高等级公路非标准缓和曲线的施工放样测量.缓和曲线是设置在直线和圆曲线之间的一种线型,起缓和过渡作用,其目的在于保证车辆由直线进入圆曲线(或由圆曲线进入直线)时的横向稳定,缓和曲线的曲率半径随曲线长度的增加而均匀连续地变小,本文综合了各种情况下的曲线计算,给出了直接计算和间接计算两种计算方法,并用C编写了计算...     

积水沉陷区水体的表观光学特性参数测量与分析

通过实际测量试验区的积水沉陷区水深值,了解水体光学特性随水深不同而引起的衰减特征变化,建立水深与光谱特性响应间的关系表达式,确定获取水深信息的最佳波谱范围;揭示了叶绿素、悬浮物质、CDOM等水体组分与水体光谱特征变化的关系,探讨因水体各主要组分变化而引起的水体光谱吸收光谱、散射光谱的变化规律.     

藏南地名佐证门巴与珞巴的民族归属

继不久前对《中国地图》藏南地名开展补白研究、将藏南地区东段内的图上地名点由原来的9个增加到36个之后,依据门巴族与珞巴族族名与居住地地名相重合的特点、以及藏南地名"巴昔卡"的珞巴语含义与四川地名"扎昔卡"的藏语含义相吻合的特点,论证了门巴族和珞巴族与藏南地域和祖国内地在人文地理上的密切联系,进一步说明了世代居住在藏南地区的门巴族和珞巴族人非跨界民族。     

Towards new applications of underwater photogrammetry for investigating coral reef morphology and habitat complexity in the Myeik Archipelago,Myanmar

Photogrammetry represents a non-destructive, cost-effective tool for coral reef monitoring, able to integrate traditional remote sensing techniques and support researchers’ work. However, its application to submerged habitats is still in early stage. We present new ways to employ Structure from Motion techniques to infer properties of reef habitats. In particular, we propose the use of Digital Surface Models and Digital Terrain Models for assessing coral colonies extension and height and discriminating between seabed and coral cover. Such information can be coupled with digital rugosity estimates to improve habitat characterization. DTM, DSM and orthophotos were derived and used to compute a series of metrics like coral morphologies, reef topography, coral cover and structural complexity. We show the potentialities offered by underwater photogrammetry and derived products to provide useful basic information for marine habitat mapping, opening the possibility to extend these methods for large-scale assessment and monitoring of coral reefs.     

An improved segmentation approach for planar surfaces from unstructured 3D point clouds

The extraction of object features from massive unstructured point clouds with different local densities, especially in the presence of random noisy points, is not a trivial task even if that feature is a planar surface. Segmentation is the most important step in the feature extraction process. In practice, most segmentation approaches use geometrical information to segment the 3D point cloud. The features generally include the position of each point (X, Y and Z), locally estimated surface normals and residuals of best fitting surfaces; however, these features could be affected by noisy points and in consequence directly affect the segmentation results. Therefore, massive unstructured and noisy point clouds also lead to bad segmentation (over-segmentation, under-segmentation or no segmentation). While the RANSAC (random sample consensus) algorithm is effective in the presence of noise and outliers, it has two significant disadvantages, namely, its efficiency and the fact that the plane detected by RANSAC may not necessarily belong to the same object surface; that is, spurious surfaces may appear, especially in the case of parallel-gradual planar surfaces such as stairs. The innovative idea proposed in this paper is a modification for the RANSAC algorithm called Seq-NV-RANSAC. This algorithm checks the normal vector (NV) between the existing point clouds and the hypothesised RANSAC plane, which is created by three random points, under an intuitive threshold value. After extracting the first plane, this process is repeated sequentially (Seq) and automatically, until no planar surfaces can be extracted from the remaining points under the existing threshold value. This prevents the extraction of spurious surfaces, brings an improvement in quality to the computed attributes and increases the degree of automation of surface extraction. Thus the best fit is achieved for the real existing surfaces.     

GPS在机载雷达测速精度鉴定中的应用

论述了利用GPS来鉴定机载雷达的测速精度,推导了雷达对目标径向的速度基准值计算公式及其精度计算公式,并计算了该速度基准值及其精度,结果表明：能够满足速度基准值精度要求。强调了在做测速精度鉴定方案时,需要计算在被鉴定速度方向上的速度基准值精度是否满足要求。     

鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程水位调控方案的探讨

利用历史水文资料、越冬候鸟分布调查资料及基础地理数据等, 从鄱阳湖形态的历史演变和鄱阳湖越冬候鸟生境保护的角度, 探讨鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程的水位调控方案。研究得到以下结论和建议:(1) 在维持鄱阳湖形态不变的情况下, 为有效保护越冬候鸟生境不受水利枢纽工程水位调控的影响, 工程调控水位不宜超过12 m, 但由于低水位运行不利于水利枢纽工程工程效益的发挥, 而高水位运行不利于越冬候鸟栖息地的保护, 为调和工程效益和候鸟保护之间的矛盾, 建议实施适当退田还湖, 以促进鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程的规划实施;(2) 根据地形、越冬候鸟分布范围、圩堤内居民点分布以及圩堤内土地利用现状, 提出了约640 km²实施退田还湖范围;(3) 以退田还湖为前提, 按照“调枯不调洪”原则, 提出鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程的水位调控方案, 为工程的推进和实施提供参考。