Geostatistical integration of MT and borehole data for RMR evaluation

The geostatistical approach was applied to integrate MT (Magneto-telluric) resistivity data and borehole information for the spatial RMR (Rock Mass Rating) evaluation. Generally, resistivity of the subsurface is believed to be positively related to the RMR, thus the resistivity and borehole RMR information was combined in a geostatistical approach. To relate the two different sets of data, the MT resistivity data were used as secondary information and the RMR mean values were estimated at unsampled points by identification of the resistivity to the borehole data. Two types of approach are performed for the estimation of RMR mean values. Then the residuals of the RMR values around the borehole sites are geostatistically modeled to infer the spatial structure of difference between real RMR values and estimated mean values. Finally, this geostatistical estimation is added to the previous means. The result applied to a real situation shows prominent improvements to reflect the subsurface structure and spatial resolution of RMR information.     

A New Damage Index

A new damage index to estimate damage to buildings relies on construction costs per square metre, and a replacement ratio which approximates costs relative to the cost of replacing a median-sized family home. Building damage is estimated against a five-point scale with Central Damage Values at 0.02, 0.1, 0.4, 0.75 and 1.0 of the replacement cost.Damage is expressed as damage in House Equivalents (HE) = Replacement Ratio × Central Damage Value. The Damage Index = log₂ (HE) provides a simple 0–20 scale covering total damage of less than 1 HE to>1 million HE. For all natural hazard impacts in Australia DI is less than 12.Where the only damage data available are of lesser quality Generic or Qualitative Damage Indices (GDI and QDI) can be used. The various advantages and limitations of the Damage Index are discussed.     

模糊优选神经网络在边坡稳定性分析中的应用

本文应用模糊优选神经网络理论,建立了边坡稳定性评价模型,综合分析了影响边坡稳定性的各种因素,根据它们作用程度的不同,赋予不同的权值,通过对收集到的边坡稳定性实例进行学习,提出了与优属度有关的函数关系式。可以看出:该方法具有精度高、收敛速度快、权值调整模型好等优点。     

Strategies for sustainability: citizens and responsible environmental behaviour

Policymakers are becoming increasingly interested in the means by which individuals can be encouraged to engage in environmental actions around the home. This paper uses evidence from existing empirical research and a large questionnaire survey undertaken by the author to argue that environmental action is open to a range of influences, focusing especially on environmental values, situational characteristics and psychological variables. Accordingly, the paper asserts that strategies for promoting environmentally responsible behaviours (such as energy saving, water conservation and waste recycling) should take account of these factors. The implications for the study of environmental behaviour are considered.     

河南省飞机人工增雨试验效果检验

采用区域对比的试验方法，选取1991年至1998年春、秋季试验作业区和对比区内测站逐时历史降水资料，对历史增雨作业效果进行了评估。统计检验结果表明，河南省1991年至1998年春、秋季人工增雨效果分别为20．05％、13．22％，总平均效果为16．63％。     

分水线、汇水线的多分辨率多阈值提取分析

分水线、汇水线是水文信息的基础要素,其提取的方法有很多种。选择其中最为方便实用的一种作为研究方法,以四川省泸定县为研究区域,将DEM分辨率和平面曲率的阈值作为提取过程中的不确定性因素,通过分析不同分辨率DEM数据在设置不同平面曲率阈值情况下生成的分水线、汇水线的线密度的差异变化,从而体现出两者大小对分水线、汇水线提取的影响,为该地区水文参数的准确获取提供依据。     

柴达木盆地东部表土花粉分析

1 Introduction The modern surface pollen data provide foundation for the reconstruction of paleoenvironment and paleoclimate using pollen data. So the studies of modern pollen have received more attention in China and other countries. The study objects in…     

农地价值与农地城市流转决策若干问题探讨

从资源环境价值观的角度对农地价值的构成进行分析,得出农地不仅具有市场价值,而且具有巨大的非市场价值。以此为基础,对传统决策模式进行理论优化。认为要协调农地保护与城市化之间的关系,促进经济社会的可持续发展,农地城市流转的直接决策者必须将农地的非使用价值与外部性纳入决策框架。     

Mercury contamination in Southern New England coastal fisheries and dietary habits of recreational anglers and their families: Implications to human health and issuance of consumption advisories

Total mercury (Hg) was measured in coastal fishes from Southern New England (RI, USA), and Hg exposure was estimated for anglers and family members that consumed these resources. Fish Hg was positively related to total length (n = 2028 across 7 fish species), and interspecies differences were evident among legally harvestable fish. Many recreational anglers and their families experienced excessively high Hg exposure rates, which was attributed to the enriched Hg content of frequently consumed fishes. Specifically, 51.5% of participants in this study had Hg exposures exceeding the US EPA reference dose, including 50.0% of women of childbearing years. These results are noteworthy given that Hg neurotoxicity occurs in adults and children from direct and prenatal low-dose exposure. Moreover, this study underscores the need for geographic-specific research that accounts for small-scale spatial variations in fish Hg and dietary habits of at-risk human populations.     

长白山天池火山区的地震活动特征分析

2002年6月以来,长白山天池火山区的地震活动明显增强。利用长白山火山中心站的观测资料对长白山天池火山地震的活动特征进行了研究。火山地震的频谱分析和时频分析结果表明,自1999年以来发生的火山地震主要为构造型火山地震。对这些火山地震进行了尾波Q值分析并与四川地区的Q值进行了对比,结果表明长白山火山区尾波Q值偏低,说明这一地区构造活动水平相对较强