基于SVDD的变形监测数据可靠性分析研究

提出了一种基于支持向量数据描述的异常值检测方法,该方法在检测异常值方面具有快速形象、通用性强、可有效处理小样本数据等优点。实验结果证明当在训练样本中加入异常值时,训练得到的模型具有很高的正常数据识别率和异常数据识别率,因此,该方法用于异常值的检测是完全可行的。     

GPS／GLoNASS／GALILEo组合导航DOP值及可用性分析

针对采用单卫星定位系统时,在城市高楼密集区和位于深山峡谷的水库、电站、矿山等环境下,GNSS用户接收到的卫星个数少且卫星分布不佳导致的可用性下降、定位精度较差的问题,提出多系统组合的定位方法。利用GPS、GLONASS及GALILE0系统的轨道参数模拟卫星星座,计算不同卫星高度角下单系统及组合系统的DOP值,根据DOP值分析其可用性。研究表明：在全球时空范围内、相同卫星高度角下,组合系统的可用性高于单系统,三系统组合的可用性高于双系统组合。     

A New Smoothing Algorithm and its Application in Gravitational Lensing_

Based on the DWT (discrete wavelet transform) method, we propose a new smoothing algorithm for computing surface densities from 3D numerical simulation samples. To check its effectiveness, we have applied this algorithm to two Monte-Carlo samples of gravitational lens simulation with different mass resolutions, generated from the isothermal ellipsoid model of dark matter halos. The calculated results indicate that this algorithm can reconstruct accurately the surface density distribution of the gravitational lens simulation sample, and that the lens caustics and critical curves derived from the surface densities agree well with the theoretical curves. We have compared the results calculated by using 3 different wavelet bases (Daub4, Daub6 and B-spline 3th), and identified the best one. Without sacrificing its smoothing capability, this algorithm has a very fast computing speed, suitable for later N-body numerical simulations, which require even higher resolutions.     

近半个世纪辽宁省气温、降水极值特征分析

利用辽宁省53个气象站近半个世纪以来的气温、降水极值资料,分析了辽宁省气温、降水极值的时空变化特征。结果表明:辽宁省累年极端最高、最低气温具有区域性,辽西极端最高气温最高,辽东极端最低气温最低,累年极端日降水的局域性较强;最高气温极值多发生在6~8月,但有很多地区都出现在6月,最低气温极值最易发生在1月,降水极值在7月或8月出现最多;最高气温极值和日降水极值的趋势性较弱,而最低气温极值的升温趋势十分显著,且远大于平均气温的增幅;最高(低)气温极值异常主要存在5(4)个空间型,各空间型均存在一定的时间变化特征;最高、最低气温和日降水极值具有不完全一致的长、短周期,但分别以9年、18年、11年左右的周期振动最强;近46年来三个极值要素均出现过增温或减少的突变。     

四川宁南银厂沟震旦-寒武纪交变期碳、氧同位素地球化学特征

扬子地台西缘攀西地区,晚震旦世-早寒武世为一套连续沉积碳酸盐岩,众多科研文献中时代地层、岩性地层和生物地层的划分各异。在此交变期及其近前后,随之发生诸多地质事件,成为地学研究的热点之一。于宁南等四幅1：5万区调工作中,实测灯影组麦地坪段地层剖面,采集新鲜岩样,测试碳、氧同位素,试从稳定同位素地球化学角度阐述其指示意义,提供研究震旦一寒武纪交变期的地球化学资料。     

地球物理勘探方法在工程勘察中的综合应用

简要阐述了目前在铁路、公路等工程勘察中广泛应用的浅层折射地震层析及高密度电法两种物探勘探手段的工作方法原理。通过在新建兰新铁路勘察项目中的综合应用实例,说明只要在工作中选择合适的观测参数和解释方法,结合钻孔等相关地质资料,对相对较浅的地质构造、水文地质、小断裂构造及不良地质现象的分布、形态及规模等均可进行较为详细勘察。加上两种方法成果相互验证,不仅提高了勘察精度及可靠性,同时也为铁路、公路等建设施工提供了可靠依据。     

内蒙古中南部出露地壳元素丰度值的估算

运用区域大规模采样方法,对内蒙古中南部地区所采样品进行元素丰度值加权计算,这是建立区域地壳模型的基础工作之一,同时也为化探异常的检出提供较为准确的背景值。研究区涉及内蒙古地轴和内蒙古中部造山系2个构造单元。采用加权求平均值的方法,得到内蒙古中南部出露地壳10种常量元素氧化物和40种微量元素的丰度值。经地表热流值、地震平均波速和元素比值方法检验后证明所得结果合理。计算所得内蒙古中南部出露地壳平均成分为花岗闪长质,与目前一般认为的结论相同。将结果与其他地区进行比较分析后可知,内蒙古中南部出露的地壳与全球上地壳的组成基本一致。由微量元素、稀土元素的图解和内蒙古中南部出露地壳的元素丰度与中国东部出露地壳元素丰度的对比可以看出,整体上,内蒙古中南部具有较强的壳内分异作用和地壳增生作用(地幔物质加入)。     

A distribution function based bandwidth selection method for kernel quantile estimation

The key problem in nonparametric frequency analysis of flood and droughts is the estimation of the bandwidth parameter which defines the degree of smoothing. Most of the proposed bandwidth estimators have been based on the density function rather than the cumulative distribution function or the quantile that are the primary interest in frequency analysis. We propose a new bandwidth estimator derived from properties of quantile estimators. The estimator builds on work by Altman and Léger (1995). The estimator is compared to the well-known method of least squares cross-validation (LSCV) using synthetic data generated from various parametric distributions used in hydrologic frequency analysis. Simulations suggest that our estimator performs at least as well as, and in many cases better than, the method of LSCV. In particular, the use of the proposed plug-in estimator reduces bias in the estimation as compared to LSCV. When applied to data sets containing observations with identical values, typically the result of rounding or truncation, the LSCV and most other techniques generally underestimates the bandwidth. The proposed technique performs very well in such situations.     

Stochastic and statistical methods in hydrology and environmental engineering

Recent developments in stochastic and statistical methods in hydrology and environmental engineering presented in the upcoming sequence of research papers are evaluated, compared and put into proper perspective. These papers are being published as a memorial to Professor T. E. Unny who was a founding Editor of the journalStochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics. As explained in this introductory paper, other activities that took place to celebrate Professor Unny's lifetime academic accomplishments include an international conference held in his honor at the University of Waterloo in June, 1993 and the publication of a four-volume conference proceedings in 1994.     

用Jenkinson法推算山东年最大日雨量重现期值的初探

该文简要介绍用Jenkinson法计算山东地区的年最大日雨量不同的重现期值，得到初步结果:13个台拟合较佳，3个台拟合较差。笔者认为要得到较为符合实际的结果，除了要继续探讨应用其它统计理论分布来求算年最大日雨量重现期值外，还应考虑与物理因子放大法结合起来互为修正。