济源市独立坐标与国家坐标的转换

介绍了济源市独立坐标系的建立过程,阐述了济源市独立坐标系椭球参数的计算方法,实现了独立坐标与国家坐标的转换关系.     

基于最小二乘支持向量机回归的GPS高程转换模型

探讨了将最小二乘估计引入到支持向量机中,给出最小二乘支持向量机回归(LS-SVR)算法,该算法用等式约束代替传统支持向量机回归中的不等式约束,使得求解过程更为简单。将构建的LS-SVR模型应用到GPS高程转换中,提出该回归模型的实现步骤。实例表明,在有限样本情况下,LS-SVR完全可以达到与传统GPS高程拟合方法相同的精度,但实现起来更简单,而且在泛化性能方面具有理论上的保证。     

半参数模型稳健估计及其应用

在半参数模型估计中,均假设观测误差服从正态分布。当观测量含有粗差时,粗差对参数和非参数估计的影响是不可忽略。基于此,首先在总结线性参数模型稳健估计基本理论的基础上,论述了M估计权因子的确定方法。然后提出了半参数模型稳健估计方法,并导出半参数模型(广义)补偿最小二乘稳健估计的基本公式。最后通过两个模拟算例验证了其估计方法的有效性。     

数字水准仪与精密光学水准仪测量精度比较

数字水准仪的出现解决了大地测量仪器中水准仪自动读数与记录问题,对当代测量技术产生了积极的影响。文中介绍了如何采用双频激光干涉仪配合45°平面镜检测数字水准仪的方法,对精密光学水准仪和数字水准仪进行综合精度的评定和比较,并对结果进行了分析。     

顾及空间非平稳特征的遥感干旱监测

遥感技术具备实时快速、时空连续、广覆盖尺度等独特优势,在全球气候恶化大背景下,利用遥感干旱监测方法相比于传统地面监测手段,能够提供实时、准确、稳定的旱情信息,辅助科学决策。目前常用遥感旱情监测方法大多依赖全域性数学模型建模,假定了旱情模式的空间平稳特性,因而难以准确反映旱情模式的局部差异特征。本文提出利用地理加权回归模型GWR (Geographically Weighted Regression),考虑旱情模式的空间非平稳特性,综合多种遥感地面旱情监测指数,以实现传统全域旱情监测模型的局部优化。以美国大陆为研究区,监测2002年—2011年共10年的旱情状态。研究表明,GWR模型能够提供空间变化的局部最佳估计模型参数,监测结果更加吻合标准美国旱情监测USDM (U.S Drought Monitor)验证数据,且与地面实测值的最高相关系数R达到0.8552,均方根误差RMSE达到0.972,显著优于其他遥感旱情监测模型。GWR模型具备空间非平稳探测优势,实现了旱情模式的局部精细探测,能够显著提升遥感旱情监测精度,具备较好的应用前景。     

Geospatial data mining for digital raster mapping

We performed an in-depth literature survey to identify the most popular data mining approaches that have been applied for raster mapping of ecological parameters through the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remotely sensed data. Popular data mining approaches included decision trees or “data mining” trees which consist of regression and classification trees, random forests, neural networks, and support vector machines. The advantages of each data mining approach as well as approaches to avoid overfitting are subsequently discussed. We also provide suggestions and examples for the mapping of problematic variables or classes, future or historical projections, and avoidance of model bias. Finally, we address the separate issues of parallel processing, error mapping, and incorporation of “no data” values into modeling processes. Given the improved availability of digital spatial products and remote sensing products, data mining approaches combined with parallel processing potentials should greatly improve the quality and extent of ecological datasets.     

Building a model-based personalised recommendation approach for tourist attractions from geotagged social media data

When travelling, people are accustomed to taking and uploading photos on social media websites, which has led to the accumulation of huge numbers of geotagged photos. Combined with multisource information (e.g. weather, transportation, or textual information), these geotagged photos could help us in constructing user preference profiles at a high level of detail. Therefore, using these geotagged photos, we built a personalised recommendation system to provide attraction recommendations that match a user's preferences. Specifically, we retrieved a geotagged photo collection from the public API for Flickr (Flickr.com) and fetched a large amount of other contextual information to rebuild a user's travel history. We then created a model-based recommendation method with a two-stage architecture that consists of candidate generation (the matching process) and candidate ranking. In the matching process, we used a support vector machine model that was modified for multiclass classification to generate the candidate list. In addition, we used a gradient boosting regression tree to score each candidate and rerank the list. Finally, we evaluated our recommendation results with respect to accuracy and ranking ability. Compared with widely used memory-based methods, our proposed method performs significantly better in the cold-start situation and when mining ‘long-tail’ data.     

DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据的四川省GDP空间化分析

针对DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据模拟省级格网GDP问题,该文选取2000、2006以及2010年DMSP/OLS稳定夜间灯光数据、辐射定标夜间灯光数据和四川省第二、三产业社会经济GDP数据,运用相关性分析、对比分析以及回归分析的方法,模拟出四川省GDP空间化密度图并分析与高程之间的关系。结果表明:在省级范围内,GDP与辐射定标灯光数据的相关性明显高于与稳定灯光数据的相关性,且前者的灯光指数CNLI与GDP相关性最高;运用3年的辐射定标灯光数据模拟得到四川省GDP密度图与GDP统计数据的拟合精度均达到0.99以上;2000-2010年四川省GDP呈现由成都市向四周不断扩张的趋势并随高程变化显著,四川省GDP高值区主要集中在高程1 000m以下的成都平原及周边区域,西部高原和山地地区GDP值较低。     

移动电子地图中伪3D可视化设计

定义了移动电子地图中伪3D可视化概念,提出伪3D可视化模型,并设计了快速的三维投影变换算法。进行了移动电子地图的伪3D可视化实验设计,并给出了可视化性能测试结果。     

Preparation of volume table of SAL (Shorea robusta) - an approach using satellite data

Sal (Shorea robusta) is an important forest tree species in north and north-eastern India. Large-scale plantations of this species have been raised there under taungya and coppice system of management. The conventional volume table prepared for high sal forest is referred to infer the volume of production of this species. Earlier workers have used aerial remote sensing data to develop volume tables of this species. In the present study a volume table for sal is developed based on remotely sensed satellite data using a regression technique. A two-step method was developed to estimate mean tree volume from satellite data. In step 1, mean crown diameter — an intermediate variable - was estimated from satellite data. In step 2, the estimated mean crown diameter was used to estimate the mean tree volume. Addition of age of the crop as an independent variable improved the predictive ability of the regression equation.