Multi-objective Optimization of Geothermal Extraction from the Enhanced Geothermal System in Qiabuqia Geothermal Field, Gonghe Basin

A geothermal demonstration exploitation area will be established in the Enhanced Geothermal System of the Qiabuqia field, Gonghe Basin, Qinghai–Xizang Plateau in China. Selection of operational parameters for geothermal field extraction is thus of great significance to realize the best production performance. A novel integrated method of finite element and multi-objective optimization has been employed to obtain the optimal scheme for thermal extraction from the Gonghe Basin. A thermal-hydraulic-mechanical coupling model (THM) is established to analyze the thermal performance. From this it has been found that there exists a contraction among different heat extraction indexes. Parametric study indicates that injection mass rate (Qin) is the most sensitive parameter to the heat extraction, followed by well spacing (WS) and injection temperature (Tin). The least sensitive parameter is production pressure (pout). The optimal combination of operational parameters acquired is such that (Tin, pout, Qin, WS) equals (72.72°C, 30.56 MPa, 18.32 kg/s, 327.82 m). Results indicate that the maximum electrical power is 1.41 MW for the optimal case over 20 years. The thermal break has been relieved and the pressure difference reduced by 8 MPa compared with the base case. The optimal case would extract 50% more energy than that of a previous case and the outcome will provide a remarkable reference for the construction of Gonghe project.     

西藏某滑坡成因机制分析及治理工程设计初探

某滑坡位于西藏昌都镇境内,总体积52 6×104m3,复活部分体积仅14 7×104m3。因其位置特殊、危害严重、社会影响强烈而倍受各方重视。该滑坡诱发机制为在异常的气候条件下,人类工程活动———不合理开挖坡脚可能导致古滑坡体的中、前部复活。文章结合滑坡的形态、结构特征,采用地质历史分析法,剖析滑坡形成机制,探讨滑坡复活变形影响因素,评价滑坡稳定性及其演化趋势;在此基础上,结合该滑坡前缘一带建有高挡墙的这一特殊情况,进行了滑坡治理工程的初步设计。     

千岛湖配水工程对钱塘江河口盐水入侵影响

杭州市第二水源千岛湖配水工程（简称配水工程）的实施将引起富春江水库下泄流量及过程改变,从而对钱塘江河口盐水入侵产生影响。建立考虑涌潮作用的二维盐度数值模型,在验证钱塘江河口潮位和盐度的基础上,预测配水工程实施对河口盐水入侵距离和重要取水口含氯度超标时间的影响。研究表明:配水工程实施后,上游富春江水库若按现状调度方案,对枯水年影响大,咸水上溯距离增加3.7 km,沿岸取水口的可取水时间缩短0.2~3.6 d,丰、平水年盐水入侵和引水前相当;通过水库的优化调度,可基本消除枯水年引水造成的盐水入侵影响。为减少配水工程实施的盐水入侵影响,采用水库的优化调度模式是必要的。     

Evaluating the long-term ecohydrological suitability of restoration efforts in a typical watershed of the Loess Plateau

The vegetation growth of the Loess Plateau is often restricted by water, which seriously threatens the water sustainability of regional ecosystem. In order to clarify the relationship between supply and demand of vegetation water use after Grain for Green Project, this study selected Malian River Basin as the research area and calculated the vegetation water use and water demand using the eco-hydrological model. The results showed that the annual water demand of the basin was 570 mm, while the average annual water supply was only 294 mm, accounting only for 52.0% of the demand. From 2000 to 2018, the temporal and spatial matching degree of water supply and demand in the Malian River Basin were 0.63 and 0.65, respectively. On the whole, the water resources in Malian River Basin can basically support the growth of vegetation, but in some areas are not sustainable. Water resources in the southern region can only barely maintain the normal growth of vegetation under the current conditions, so it is not recommended to carry out new plantation in this area. The evaluation of matching degree in the northern from January to April is poor, so it is necessary to appropriately reduce the planting area of economic crops and replace it with planting herbaceous plants with small water consumption in Spring. Compared with the current conditions, under the future climate scenarios of ssp126 and ssp585, the Malian River Basin will show a trend of warming and humidification. The temporal matching degree of water supply and demand also significantly improved to 0.83 and 0.92, indicating that even if the planting structure did not change significantly, water supply would gradually meet the needs of vegetation. The study results can provide the basis for formulating more scientific and reasonable vegetation restoration policies.     

建设项目优化选址的环境效益分析

以黄石硫酸厂优化选址为例,说明建设项目优化选址的目的、准则与方法。通过现场数学炬阵方法评分比较,从社会效益、经济效益和环境效益三方面综合分析,合理地确定了黄石硫酸厂的选址。     

新疆雅满苏铁矿露采边坡加固治理设计与施工

新疆雅苏露天铁矿东采下盘边坡坡体出现张拉裂缝,在分析边坡稳定性及其破坏模式的基础上,阐述了露天采场皮受爆破震动影响时的预应力锚杆加固治理设计原理和方法,同时介绍了锚固施工技术和工艺。     

清江隔河岩坝基工程岩体质量评价研究

采用《工程岩体分级标准》定性和定量相结合的方法,根据岩石坚硬程度和岩石完整程度决定岩体的基本质量,然后考虑地下水状态、初始应力状态、工程轴线方位与主要软弱结构面产状的组合关系等修正因素,确定坝基工程岩体的级别。针对隔河岩工程考虑岩溶、层间剪切带、应力水平、岩体所处工程部位等因素,给出隔河岩工程坝基工程岩体分级。     

MAPGIS在国土资源大调查中的应用介绍

国土资源大调查离不开地理信息系统的应用,MAPGIS是科技部首推的国产地理信息系统软件,对MAPGIS功能的了解十分重要。本文对MAPGIS数字地图库、专业属性数据库的管理和GPS数据转换等方面的应用作了初步介绍,以使广大地质科技人员认识到MAPGIS在国土资源大调查中的重要作用。     

黑龙江省基础综合省情地理信息系统——构建有关问题的探讨

本文通过对“黑龙江省综合省情地理信息系统”的介绍,对建立“黑龙江省综合省情地理信息系统”的过程、软件平台选取基础地理数据选择、统计数据录入、数据更新机制建立等问题进行了总结性的探讨,以期对今后的工作和同行们起到一些参考作用。     

竣工决算在水运工程建设中的作用

水运工程竣工决算是检查其项目投资计划执行、完成情况和分析投资效果,核定新增固定、流动资产价值和办理交付使用财产,检查建设单位管理的重要依据,是项目从酝酿、决策到建成使用全过程资金使用情况及投资者权益的反映,建设单位应确保竣工决算档案的完整准确。