国家地下水监测井建设关键问题研究

国家地下水监测工程建设由国土资源部和水利部联合立项申报,历经10余年的可行性研究和评估论证,最终由国家发展和改革委员会批准实施。项目财政投资20多亿元,覆盖全国31个省、区、市及新疆建设兵团,涵盖了全国7大流域和16个重要水文地质单元,共布设20401个地下水监测站点。项目的组织实施意义重大,事关地质环境、饮水安全和经济社会的可持续发展等民生问题。其中,钻探工程决定着国家地下水监测工程建设的质量、运行效果及使用寿命。本文针对项目“地域分布广、施工战线长、地质条件复杂”等特点,从组织管理、钻井结构设计、成井管材和钻进工艺选择等方面的关键问题进行了分析研究,并提出了具体建议。     

Receiver function imaging in strongly laterally heterogeneous crust: Synthetic modeling of BOLIVAR data

We resolve a large (~20 km) discrepancy in Moho depth determined from PdS receiver functions (RFs) and from active source seismic profiling in the complex Caribbean-South American plate boundary zone in eastern Venezuela. As part of the BOLIVAR experiment 20 broadband stations were deployed along an active source profile to record teleseisms. Using the extremely heterogeneous crustal model obtained from active source data, we generated 2D finite-difference elastic wave synthetics and from them calculated receiver functions and CCP stacks. We compare the observations with synthetic sections that have been spatially sampled at 0.25 km to 40 km. The densely sampled synthetics show that several events in the field data that were originally interpreted as the Moho are multiple reflections within sedimentary basins. Where the Moho has the steepest dip under the plate boundary the CCP stacks fail to image the Moho well, regardless of the density of spatial sampling. A suitable spatial sampling criterion for clearly imaging the lower crust and Moho is to overlap Fresnel zones by 50% at Moho depth, which for the 1 Hz receiver functions examined here, requires an instrument spacing of 15–20 km, with the actual field data density ranging from 20 km to 100 km.     

浅谈项目投资失败的原因及对策

地勘单位在向企业化经营转变的过程中 ,投资兴办了许多企业 ,但不少项目以失败告终。文章分析探讨了失败的原因 ,并提出相应的对策     

土建类工程管理专业工程测量教学探讨

分析工程管理专业的服务面,认为社会对工程管理人才素质的要求,既不同于土木工程人才那样要求对土木工程技术掌握得很专深,又不同于一般管理人才那样对工程技术知识要求不高。工程测量作为工程建设的设计、施工和管理各阶段中进行测量工作的理论、方法和技术,是工程建设的主要导向技术。文中提出了工程管理专业工程测量教学应当注重工程测量课程的基本理论和技术,测量实践教学内容应以用图与施工测量为重点的观点。探讨了新形势下土建类工程管理专业工程测量教学模式。     

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LAMOST/GALAXY计划:利用LAMOST研究银河系

本文讨论了利用LAMOST作银河系研究的科学意义及可能性；并提出具体实施LAMOST/GAIAXY计划的初步方案。     

Hydrodynamic effect of the regulation project of Yangtze River deepwater channel downstream of Nanjing

A two-dimensional flow numerical model of the tidal reaches, which total length is more than 700 km, is established from Datong to the Yangtze River estuary. The tidal levels, velocities, diversion ratios and dynamic axes before and after the separate regulation of each reach and combined regulation of all reaches are obtained. The comparative analysis shows that the regulation project of a separate reach basically has no impact on velocity distributions and variations of diversion ratios of upper and lower reaches, the variations of dynamic axes are only within the local scope of the project. The regulation project of a separate reach also has less impact on the water level in the lower adjacent reaches, but will make the water levels in the upper reaches rise. After the implementation of the regulation projects for all reaches, the rise of water level in the upstream reaches will have a cumulative impact.     

松科二井邻域沙河子组含油气地层结构特征——基于测井和地震数据的分析

松辽盆地大陆深部科学钻探工程"松科二井"获得了最完整的沙河子组地层岩心,初步识别出深部页岩气气测异常43层,累计厚度102 m,显示出沙河子组地层具有良好的深部能源前景。为进一步分析松辽盆地沙河子组地层油气资源潜力,本文在前人研究的基础上,结合松科二井测井、岩心数据和地震数据,分析松科二井邻域沙河子组地层的层序特征和空间展布,同时以随钻录井记录到的气测异常为出发点,分析沙河子组地层的测井和地震响应。结果显示:松科二井邻域沙河子组地层具有厚度大、横向延续小的地层展布特点,根据测井、岩心及地震数据,将沙河子组地层分为4个三级层序:SQ1、SQ2、SQ3和SQ4,其中顶部SQ4层序具有较好的油气前景,其岩性以泥岩为主,并具有相对较高孔隙度、低波阻抗的测井曲线特征,在地震剖面上表现为连续强振幅,阻抗反演剖面上存在局部低波阻抗特征,揭示了该区沙河子组深层天然气资源的赋存条件。     

长江三峡工程蓄水对链子崖危岩体T8-T12缝段稳定性影响研究

三峡水库蓄水后,已治理的链子崖危岩体,特别是T8-T12缝段岩体将受到江水的长期作用和影响,直接关系到防治工程的成败.通过大量实地调查和岩体测试,着重论述水库蓄水对T8-T12裂缝及其充填物的作用和影响;并以此为基础,用改进的Sarma法对该段危岩体的稳定性进行重新计算和评价,得出一系列新的结论:总体上,长江水位抬升后,水对裂缝的溶蚀作用和劈裂作用,使裂缝整体加宽,不利于危岩体的稳定;考虑岩体和承重阻滑键取长期强度和江水位骤然升降,以及地震影响,链子崖危岩体整体稳定性将恶化,但NE20°方向稳定程度好于NW350°.     

大跨度输水洞穿高速浅埋暗挖方案模拟比选研究

利用非线性有限元程序,对三跨拱涵开挖施工方案进行模拟。通过对两种较为可行的施工方案进行模拟,比较了开挖引起的地表沉降、衬砌的应力变化和洞周土体的塑性区等因素,综合考虑后利用模糊评判选出了优选方案。同时,由模拟的数据还发现了隧洞开挖时容易出现的各种危险情况,建设施工单位在危险区域采取适当的措施,得到很高的实际价值,对今后类似工程有借鉴意义。