斑岩型铜矿床成矿斑岩岩浆氧化状态研究方法综述

近年来,成矿斑岩岩浆的氧化状态对斑岩铜矿床成矿潜力和成矿规模的控制作用受到了矿床学家的广泛关注。文章总结了斑岩型铜矿床成矿斑岩岩浆氧化状态的主要研究方法及各自的适用条件:(1)钛铁氧化物(钛铁矿-磁铁矿)固熔体的组成,适用于含共生岩浆成因钛铁矿-磁铁矿的斑岩体;(2)岩石中的Fe~(3+)/Fe~(2+)含量比值,适用于新鲜的熔融包裹体或未发生热液蚀变和地表风化作用的新鲜岩石;(3)黑云母中的Fe~(3+)、Fe~(2+)和Mg含量,适用于黑云母与磁铁矿和钾长石共生的岩体;(4)角闪石主量元素含量,适用于温度为550～1120℃、压力1200 MPa、氧逸度(f(O2))为-1≤ΔNNO≤+5的钙碱性喷出岩或浅成侵入岩;(5)锆石Ce~(4+)/Ce~(3+)比值;(6)锆石EuN/EuN*比值,斑岩铜矿成矿斑岩为中酸性岩体,其中锆石普遍发育,因此被广泛用于确定岩浆氧化状态。文章还通过收集中国冈底斯成矿带、金沙江-红河成矿带、中甸岛弧成矿带、环太平洋成矿域和中亚成矿域主要斑岩铜矿床成矿斑岩岩浆氧逸度资料,讨论岩浆演化状态对斑岩型铜矿床成矿作用和成矿规模的控制作用,发现同一成矿带内含矿斑岩的氧化状态明显高于不含矿斑岩,且含矿斑岩的氧化状态与斑岩铜矿床的成矿规模具有正相关性。     

坦桑尼亚乌本迪造山带的演化、金成矿作用研究进展及中国-坦桑尼亚造山型金矿床的异同

坦桑尼亚克拉通西—西南边缘的乌本迪带一直被视为是一个形成于古元古代的造山带,主要由一系列高级变质、变形的地体组成。该造山带中产出2个大型金矿区,即卢帕金矿田与姆潘达矿区,它们是坦桑尼亚境内仅次于维多利亚湖金矿集区的最重要黄金产地,而且卢帕金矿田内众多矿床(点)很可能属于造山型金矿。近年来,以乌本迪带新元古代榴辉岩的发现为标志,不同研究者相继在乌本迪带的区域构造演化和金成矿作用研究等方面陆续取得了一系列新突破,这表明乌本迪带的实际地质情况远比传统观点认为的更加复杂。本文全面回顾了乌本迪带的内部构造单元划分、地球动力学演化和金矿床成矿作用等研究概况,尤其是系统地总结了前人对乌本迪带在造山作用过程以及金矿成因方面所取得的认识,从而形成了本文最新的研究进展。最后,本文还将乌本迪带的金矿与我国胶东及小秦岭地区的造山型金矿进行了对比研究,并分析了二者之间的异同点,以期为乌本迪造山带下一步基础地质研究及找矿实践提供一些线索或启示。     

As、Cd和Pb植物根系吸收途径和影响因素研究现状与进展

环境中的毒性元素被植物吸收后,不仅危害植物生长,还会通过生物链的传递危害人类健康。植物吸收毒性元素有根、茎、叶三种途径,其中根系吸收最为重要。明晰毒性元素进入根细胞的途径和影响因素,有助于阻控其进入植物,降低食用风险。近年来,在毒性元素根系吸收途径研究领域,国际上主要开展了吸收动力学过程、转运蛋白识别和外界环境作用机制研究。本文从根系对As、Cd、Pb的吸收途径和影响因素两个方面,对植物利用转运蛋白和离子通道跨膜转运过程、根际环境与共存元素的影响等进行了评述,并认为在分子尺度下开展毒性元素细胞吸收动态过程、细胞响应机制和根际多因素作用机理研究是该领域未来发展方向,同时推测As(Ⅲ)的外排机制与P类似,且Pb2+利用了Ca2+通道转运至木质部。     

1990年以来中国地理学之地缘政治学研究进展

地缘政治学脱胎于政治地理学,这种血缘关系决定了地理学在中国地缘政治研究和国家地缘战略的构建中的基础性作用。首先基于结构现实主义国际关系原理,运用地理学空间思维和现代组织行为学等理论,探讨了中国在崛起过程中修正地缘战略和树立地缘目标的重要性,认为和平崛起的中国需要地缘大思维,而地理学尤其是世界地理学,应首当其冲担当重任。在此基础上,系统梳理了中国地理学在地缘政治学领域的研究进展、主要成就以及存在的问题。研究表明:经过半个多世纪的发展,中国地理学的地缘政治学学科队伍不断壮大,学术成果精彩纷呈,并在重大领域有所突破。但其发展依然存在理论体系尚不完整、学科定位不清晰、优秀成果不足、过度依附西方思维等问题。鉴于此,提出了未来中国地理学在地缘政治学研究的主要努力方向。     

大气准双周振荡的研究进展

大气准双周振荡(Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation,QBWO)主要是指时间尺度为10~20 d的振荡,它是大气中重要的低频系统之一,是在研究季风天气及其相联系的季风系统时被发现的。QBWO对大范围的长期天气变化及异常有着重要影响,且具有全球性和多季性。本文较系统总结了近年来QBWO的研究成果,主要对其结构、活动特征,以及它对天气气候的影响及其激发维持机制等进行了综述。在此基础上,对今后的一些研究重点进行了展望。     

Ecosystem-based adaptation for improving coastal planning for sea-level rise: A systematic review for mangrove coasts

This paper systematically reviews and synthesizes peer-reviewed, English-language scientific publications (n=212) to identify relevant research about how Ecosystem-Based Adaptation (EBA) is integrated with coastal planning. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) methodology is applied in this study. Attention was given to studies concerning human-environment interactions as opposed to physical or biological climate change issues alone because the coastal planning and EBA approach addresses the management of human actions in nature. The literature references include the issue of climate change (77%); however, limited evidence of EBA in coastal areas are reported (18%), and it is evident that the issues have become relevant in the scientific literature published in recent years. Broad texts demonstrate that SLR is one of the major long-term impacts (68%), and all of these papers recognize the most affected ecosystems in the tropics would be mangroves. EBA is an emerging option that can offset anticipated ecosystem losses and improve coastal planning to cope with SLR because it provides benefits beyond climate change stressors. There is a need to synthesize a road map for incorporation of mangrove regulations into local planning instruments and for building capacity for their implementation. Application of PRISMA in marine science will enhance future reviews, facilitate the systematic search and adequately document any theme, and also be useful in determining research gaps or information needs.     

我国海洋监测高技术发展的回顾与思考

阐述了我国海洋环境监测的重要意义、丰富内涵,重点回顾了我国海洋监测高技术研发的历程,概要总结了目前取得的进展和成绩,从技术研发管理角度提出了我国海洋监测技术研发存在的瓶颈问题和发展建议。     

Adaptation action and research in glaciated mountain systems: Are they enough to meet the challenge of climate change?

The challenge of climate change in glaciated mountain systems is significant and cannot be met without adaptation actions and research that addresses the interwoven scientific, human, and socio-ecological dimensions of climate change. However, our understanding of the effectiveness of existing efforts in meeting this challenge is lacking, a shortcoming compounded by a lack of consistent and comparable information about adaptation action and research in glaciated mountain systems. This study develops a typology of the challenge of climate change in glaciated mountain systems and uses formal systematic review methods to critically evaluate existing adaptation actions and research in light of this framework. Our results––based on an evaluation of 170 English-language peer-reviewed and grey literature documents––indicate that socially-relevant climate-related changes are already manifesting in glaciated mountain systems, with the most commonly documented stimuli for adaptation being hydrological changes related to the degradation of the high mountain cryosphere. Some degree of adaptation action has occurred in 78% of countries with glaciated mountain ranges, but most adaptations are reactions to experienced climatic stimuli and carried out without guidance from a formal adaptation plan. The study also identified the emergence of explicitly mountain-focused adaptation research, yet studies framed in this way are still relatively scarce and have only been carried out in about half of the countries with glaciated mountain ranges. Although we document several laudable adaptation action and research efforts, few initiatives are adequately addressing the difficulties outlined in our evaluation framework for the challenge of climate change. The study discusses the consequences of observed shortcomings and identifies recommendations for more fully meeting the challenge of climate change in glaciated mountain systems.     

十足类甲壳动物受精细胞学研究进展

结合作者近期的研究工作,从精卵识别、顶体反应、皮层反应、雌雄原核的形成和结合等方面综述了近年来十足类甲壳动物受精细胞学方面的研究成果,并展望了这一领域的研究与应用前景。     

青藏高原湖泊沉积研究及其进展

青藏高原湖泊沉积研究主要围绕青藏高原隆升和全球变化响应开展的。研究揭示了青藏高原隆升具有整体性、阶段性和后期加速性。中晚更新世以来和末次间冰期一冰期气候演化过程得到重建,并能够与冰芯和深海氧同位素记录对比;同时也存在MIS3阶段强烈暖湿和末次冰盛期冷湿等区域特征;新仙女木事件在湖泊沉积物也有明显记录。全新世研究表明青藏高原早期暖湿并经历冷事件,大暖期普遍出现高水位,后期气候向于冷化方向发展。湖泊沉积环境定量化重建也得到研究。青藏高原湖泊沉积应在高分辨率纹层沉积和环境指标定量分析基础理论方面加强研究。