An integrated methodology for assessing soil salinization, a pre-condition for land desertification

Soil salinization is mainly an arid-zone problem leading to land desertification. It reduces soil quality and limits the growing of crops. The control of this problem involves inventorying, mapping, and monitoring soil salinity, which requires cost-effective, rapid, and reliable methods for determining soil salinity in the field, and rapid, specific data-processing methods. This paper shows the usefulness of an integrated methodology involving a hand-held electromagnetic sensor (Geonics-EM38) and the ESAP (Electrical conductivity or salinity, Sampling, Assessment and Prediction) software for assessing, predicting, and mapping soil salinity. The salinity of a 0.45-ha surface-irrigated plot was analysed by reading the EM38 at 161 locations, and by employing the ESAP software for calibrating the sensor, and predicting and mapping soil salinity at multiple depths. To calibrate the EM38 sensor, the electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (ECe) of 57 soil samples taken at 19 points was measured. The multiple linear regression (MLR) calibration model predicted ECe from EM38 readings with R² ranging from 0.71 to 0.95 for the multiple-depth profile. Furthermore, the MLR calibration model provided field range average estimates of soil salinity. Fifty-seven percent of the field had ECe values above 4 dS m⁻¹. The salinity levels and distribution in the root zone identified areas with inverted profiles, which revealed drainage problems. The integrated method presented is a breakthrough in the ability to accurately and rapidly assess soil salinity in agricultural lands.     

两种压制随机噪声的滤波方法对比研究

介绍了f-x-y 域预测滤波方法,提出了基于奇异值分解的三维f-x-y域预测滤波方法。该去噪方法是在奇异值分解滤波的基础上进行f-x-y域预测滤波,从而实现频率空间的预测滤波。2种滤波方法详细的对比研究及理论模型试算的结果表明,该方法较f-x-y域预测滤波能更好地提高地震资料的信噪比,并有更高的保真度。     

激流环境下水上地震反射法及效果

介绍了西气东输工程在河道穿越勘察工作中水上地震反射法的方法与技术,并讨论了在激流环境下,水上反射法的工作条件及需要注意的问题,提出了适应激流环境下的地震数据采集、处理、解释工作方法。该方法克服了激流及其噪声的影响,达到了良好的勘探效果。     

Excel、Word与CASS(AutoCAD)在测量绘图中的应用

将常用的办公软件:Excel、Word等与CASS绘图软件相结合,提供了解决绘图中常见的批量标注、插值和参数计算等问题的方法,改变了传统的纯手式输入的方式,较好的提高了数据处理的效率和准确性。     

Predictive mapping for copper–gold magmatic-hydrothermal systems in NW Argentina: Use of a regional-scale GIS, application of an expert-guided data-driven approach, and comparison with results from a continental-scale GIS

Geographic Information Systems (GISs) are very useful tools for managing, checking, and organizing spatial information–from many sources and of many types–in thematic layers. Processing of these data enables exploration-oriented GISs to produce potential and predictive maps for a given commodity, which constitute documents of real use in decision-making. Integration of all information in a single reference system enables a better understanding of the parameters controlling a region's metallogeny, in terms of both time and space. But what scale should be used for developing a mineral exploration GIS? Should preference be given to systems with high spatial resolutions (scale < 1:500,000), or to more general systems with scales of around 1:1,500,000 or 1:2,000,000? Will the gain be worthwhile relative to the additional work generated by compilation at a higher scale? In order to make greater use of previous predictive studies performed on gold-rich epithermal and porphyry systems at the scale of the entire Andes, an expert-guided data-driven approach is now applied to a regional-scale GIS of NW Argentina, between the Puna and the Sierrras Pampeanas, where known deposits like Bajo de la Alumbrera, Agua Rica, and others, account for a metal potential of over 10 Mt Cu and 750 t Au. In developing this new predictive map, three criteria that were likely to be connected to the mineralizing event were selected and quantified: (i) lithostratigraphy, because of its role as a favourable environment for the development of mineralization, based on its physico-chemical properties; (ii) lithostratigraphic contacts, based on the rheological properties of the formations in contact; and (iii) the orientation of structural discontinuities, which channel source magmas and encourage the circulation of hydrothermal fluids. Assigning a score enables classification of the favourabilities calculated for each of the criteria considered. This approach is employed here to check and standardize the statistical results obtained by methods such as Weight of Evidence Modelling or an algebraic approach. For each criterion, four classes were distinguished: very favourable: score = 3; favourable: score = 2; slightly favourable: score = 1; and unfavourable: score = 0. The predictive map is obtained by adding the scores for the three favourable criteria defined above.The regional-scale work identified 20 anomalous envelopes with cumulative scores greater than 5. They correspond to mining areas that are active (e.g., Bajo de la Alumbrera), under development (e.g., Agua Rica), or abandoned (e.g., La Mejicana), or to new areas (e.g., the Vicuña Pampa Volcanic Complex). Structural analysis of the region, integrating the orientation of the favourable envelopes, suggests that the mineralizing fluids were emplaced under extensional conditions, sub-parallel to the principal directions of shortening: (i) WNW–ESE, found along the southern edge of the Puna; and (ii) E–W, seen in the Sierra de Famatina. It appears that a regional-scale information system is a tool that is well suited to the definition of areas for mineral prospecting, and to the study and confirmation of metallotects usable for mineral exploration.Comparison with work conducted on the basis of a 1:2,000,000 geological compilation shows that the principal mining districts can indeed be found at continental scale. On the other hand, the lack of detail inherent at a scale of 1:2,000,000 may lead to inaccuracies, in particular fictitious favourabilities assigned to formations that are genetically unrelated to the mineralization, but that contain, for example, small Tertiary intrusive bodies that cannot be recorded at this scale. This comparison therefore shows that the use of a continental-scale GIS is effective, and well suited to the definition of prospective areas at a strategic level.     

多频多模导航卫星系统的组合研究

随着中欧伽利略计划的实施，多频多模导航卫星系统的综合应用是未来卫星导航系统的发展方向。在对GPS、GLONASS和GALILEO三个系统各自的特点及其未来发展进行分析的基础上，从其信号频率，卫星可见性，可见稳定性，覆盖范围及数据处理结果等层面研究了三个卫星导航系统的最佳组合方式，并讨论了多系统组合的初步数据处理方法。     

测船处瞬时潮位的GPS精密确定

利用GPS载波相位差分测量技术，借助时间偏差改正、姿态改正、高程转换、信号处理和吃水改正，获得了测船处精密在航潮位。该方法已在几个GPS在航潮位测量实验中得到了验证，并取得了理想的结果。     

基于ArcGIS的标准分幅裁切新方法

数据裁切是数据生产过程中相当重要的一个环节,也是耗时较长的一道工序。本文介绍了一种基于ArcGIS的简单实用的数据裁切新方法,可以进行批量生产,具有快捷、简单、实用的特点。     

数据仓库技术在地震信息系统中的应用

数据仓库是近年来信息领域中迅速兴起的一种技术。本文对此技木和应用进行了讨论,提出了适用于地震信息系统数据仓库的方案设计思想。     

用GGX-9型原子吸收辅助软件实现数据的快速处理

随着分析仪器的广泛应用，样品测量浓度校正问题也越来越突出。作者采用VB6．0编程工具编制了原子吸收辅助处理软件，并在GGX-9型原子吸收分光光度计上得到了良好应用。