昌邑市生态地质环境保护对策

昌邑市位于山东省北部莱州湾南岸,南北狭长,南部为丘陵,中部和北部为平原,潍河纵贯南北。在查明市域内各种生态环境地质问题的基础上,将昌邑市划分为4个生态地质环境保护区和1个生态地质环境保护带,针对各区存在的主要问题,提出了不同的保护对策。     

Identification of diffusion parameters in a nonlinear convection–diffusion equation using the augmented Lagrangian method

Numerical identification of diffusion parameters in a nonlinear convection–diffusion equation is studied. This partial differential equation arises as the saturation equation in the fractional flow formulation of the two-phase porous media flow equations. The forward problem is discretized with the finite difference method, and the identification problem is formulated as a constrained minimization problem. We utilize the augmented Lagrangian method and transform the minimization problem into a coupled system of nonlinear algebraic equations, which is solved efficiently with the nonlinear conjugate gradient method. Numerical experiments are presented and discussed. This work was partially supported by the Research Council of Norway (NFR), under grant 128224/431.     

阿克苏中心地震台数字化前兆仪器运行质量分析

通过对阿克苏中心地震台前兆仪器故障进行相关检查和分析处理,判断产生的各类干扰因素,并提出处理方法,为仪器运行、数据处理及使用奠定基础,保证观测资料的连续、完整和可靠.     

中国生物质能产业发展面临的矛盾和挑战

本文在分析中国生物质能产业发展现状的基础上,认为当前中国生物质能产业发展受到资源家底不清、政策环境不完善和生态保护压力等因素制约,存在着产业发展总体水平低,产业体系不健全,生产成本高,产业技术水平低,行业发展无序等问题。结合这些问题,立足我国资源环境承载能力,适应市场需求变化和科技进步趋势,本文提出今后重点加强生物质能产业发展政策扶持,生物质能原料资源调查评估,生物质能转化利用技术开发和能源产业示范基地建设,以期促进生物质能产业健康快速发展。     

Kinematic dynamo action in a sphere: Effects of periodic time-dependent flows on solutions with axial dipole symmetry

Choosing a simple class of flows, with characteristics that may be present in the Earth's core, we study the ability to generate a magnetic field when the flow is permitted to oscillate periodically in time. The flow characteristics are parameterised by D, representing a differential rotation, M, a meridional circulation, and C, a component characterising convective rolls. The dynamo action of all solutions with fixed parameters (steady flows) is known from earlier studies. Dynamo action is sensitive to these flow parameters and fails spectacularly for much of the parameter space where magnetic flux is concentrated into small regions, leading to high diffusion. In addition, steady flows generate only steady or regularly reversing oscillatory fields and cannot therefore reproduce irregular geomagnetic-type reversal behaviour. Oscillations of the flow are introduced by varying the flow parameters in time, defining a closed orbit in the space ( D,?M ). When the frequency of the oscillation is small, the net growth rate of the magnetic field over one period approaches the average of the growth rates for steady flows along the orbit. At increased frequency time-dependence appears to smooth out flux concentrations, often enhancing dynamo action. Dynamo action can be impaired, however, when flux concentrations of opposite signs occur close together as smoothing destroys the flux by cancellation. It is possible to produce geomagnetic-type reversals by making the orbit stray into a region where the steady flows generate oscillatory fields. In this case, however, dynamo action was not found to be enhanced by the time-dependence. A novel approach is being taken to solve the time-dependent eigenvalue problem where, by combining Floquet theory with a matrix-free Krylov-subspace method, we can avoid large memory requirements for storing the matrix required by the standard approach.     

误差限的病态总体最小二乘解算

大地测量和地球物理数据解算中时常会涉及病态问题的处理。基于客观的观测精度,利用设计矩阵与观测向量的误差限制,一方面降低了病态性对求解造成的波动;另一方面避免引入正常数,从而提高整个解算过程的客观性与可靠性。计算表明,本文提出的方法可以有效地处理病态总体最小二乘问题,并且具有较高的稳定性。     

混凝土膨胀剂使用中存在的问题及解决措施

混凝土膨胀剂具有补偿混凝土干燥收缩的效果,但在地下室防水混凝土工程中,使用效果不理想,存在掺加膨胀剂后地下室底板和外墙出现混凝土开裂渗漏的现象。本文从设计源头,力求全面地、准确有效地提出解决措施。     

昌邑市矿产资源勘查管理现状与对策

昌邑市矿产资源勘查项目单位多、分布广管理难度大。昌邑市国土资源局通过＂三把关＂＂两检查＂＂三到场＂＂四规范＂的工作方法,创造性的开展工作,保证了矿产资源勘查的良好秩序。     

中国矿山地质灾害分布特征

矿山地质灾害是人类矿业活动和自然地质作用作用于地质环境造成的灾害事件。近几年,随着矿产资源开发力度的不断加大,矿山地质灾害发生频率呈加剧趋势,对矿业正常生产和人居生态环境构成严重的威胁,甚至造成重大的群死群伤灾难。依据2002—2005年全国31个省（自治区、直辖市）矿山地质环境调查与评估的成果资料,利用数据统计、分析、总结的方法,按不同省区市、不同地质环境背景区、不同类型矿产、不同规模的矿山、不同开采方式,简述了中国矿业开发引发的崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷、地裂缝5种地质灾害的时空分布特征和危害,为矿山地质灾害监测、防治提供基础信息。     

青海东昆仑南坡成矿带铜钴矿预测中的主要科技问题

青海省东昆仑南坡金铜铅锌多金属成矿带经历了漫长而复杂的地质构造演化历史,产有丰富的金、铜、铅、锌、钼等金属矿产,但在铜钴矿预测中仍存在一些关键科学问题需进一步研究解决。本文在详述了区域地层、侵入岩、变质岩、构造、矿产等区域成矿地质背景的基础上,分析了青海东昆仑南坡成矿带地质工作程度低、研究程度低、成矿预测的基础科学问题不清、矿产勘查项目所引用的基础资料与研究工作所引用的基础资料明显不一致和主要矿床类型及预测方向等主要科学技术问题,探讨了该成矿带铜钴矿产预测现状与预测思路,从而提出了青海东昆仑南坡成矿带开展铜钴矿预测的工作方向。