云南地区地震视应力的时间和空间分布研究

利用地面运动峰值速度(rmiddot;v)测定地震波辐射能ER的方法,详细研究了云南地区中小地震和两次余震序列的地震视应力sigma;a的时空分布. 结果表明,视应力在空间分布上存在明显的非均匀性,高视应力集中区与中小地震活动频繁地区相关. 在大姚6.2级主震前,视应力出现了高值变化时段,是平均值0.25 MPa的5倍,且主震及周围地区具有相对较高的视应力值. 因此,视应力的时空变化特征可作为地震危险性预测的一种新的判据,余震序列视应力sigma;aA与主震视应力sigma;aM之比一般小于1.0.      

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SUBMERGENCE RATIO OF A RECTANGULAR SUBMERGED VANE WITH A COLLAR

1 INTRODUCTION Odgaard and Kennedy (1983) suggested that for values of angle of attack, α greater than or equal to approximately 20o, a persistent scour hole is produced near the upstream end of a vane. As α was reduced the number of vanes producing obj…     

青藏高原南缘中强地震震源机制的研究

利用全球数字化地震台网（ＧＳＮ）长周期数字地震波形资料,对发生在喜马拉雅碰撞带的３ 次中强地震事件, 根据广义射线理论, 就其震源物理过程进行了反演。结果表明, 印度洋板块向欧亚板块内部的俯冲作用过程仍在继续进行。     

Source Parameters of Old Earthquakes: Semi-Automatic Digitization of Analog Records and Seismic Moment Assessment

Recovering seismic information contained in old analog records could increase our knowledge of seismic source characteristics and the seismicity of a region. This is particularly important in zones with low to moderate seismicity.To extract the available information, it is necessary to digitize the seismic records. This is not an easy task especially owing to the generally poor quality of the original records, with illegible or missing parts. However some exceptions were found in the records of a few seismological stations in Germany, Sweden and France.This paper presents an example of the recovering of source parameters and can be divided in two parts: the first one presents a simple semi-automatic technique for digitization of old analog seismic records, developed using commercial software on a PC; the second part describes the methodology of assessing the seismic moment, using empirical and theoretical relations, as well as the seismic source dimensions.The earthquake selected to illustrate this procedure is the 23 April 1909 Benavente (Portugal) earthquake. This earthquake occurred in the Lower Tagus Valley region and caused great destruction in the meizoseismal area. It is the biggest earthquake that occurred during this century in the central part of the country and its magnitude has been estimated between 6.6 and 7.6.The digitization procedure allowed the recovery of seismic information contained in old analog records, in particular, the seismic moment estimation. The results obtained indicated that 7.6 was a very high value for the magnitude of the 23 April 1909 earthquake, suggesting that the magnitude reported in the Portuguese catalogue is overestimated. The estimated moment magnitude is 6.0.     

用长周期体波反演地震矩张量及其实际意义

摘　 要　 介绍了地震矩张量的性质和用长周期体波反演地震矩张量的方法。用地震矩张量表 示震源‚能够使震源参数线性化‚从而实现由观测资料快速、简捷地反演出震源参数。     

矩震级及其计算

简要叙述地震震级概念的提出及其历史发展。文中指出,矩震级M_W是目前量度地震大小最理想的物理量。与传统上使用的其他震级标度相比,矩震级不会饱和,对于所有地震,无论大小、深浅,无论使用远场、近场地震波资料,大地测量和地质资料中的何种资料,均可测量矩震级,并能与熟知的震级标度如面波震级M_S相衔接。矩震级是一个均匀的震级标度,适于震级范围很宽的统计。矩震级是国际地震学界选定的首选震级,负责向公众发布地震信息的部门优先采用的发布的震级。文中介绍了计算矩震级所用的公式,详细解说了具体的计算步骤,分析了由于采用的计算矩震级公式的不同,采取的具体的数值计算步骤的不同引起的问题以及解决这些问题的相关的规定。     

FOCAL MECHANISM OF THE AUGUST 8, M7.0 SICHUAN JIUZHAIGOU AND AUGUST 9, M6.6 XINJIANG JINGHE EARTHQUAKES OF 2017

The W-phase is a long period phase arriving between the P and S wave phases of a seismic source, theoretically representing the total near-and far-field long-period wave-field. Recent study suggests that the reliable source properties of earthquake with magnitude greater than ~M_W4.5 can be rapidly inverted by using the W-phase waveform data. With the advantage of W-phase, most of major earthquake research institutes in the world have adopted the W-phase based inversion method to routinely assess focal mechanism of earthquake, such as the USGS and GFZ. In this study, the focal mechanism of the August 8, 2017 M7.0 Sichuan Jiuzhaigou and August 9, 2017 M6.6 Xinjiang Jinghe earthquakes were investigated by W-phase moment tensor inversion technique using global seismic event waveform recordings provided by Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology, Data Management Center. To get reliable focal mechanism, we strictly select raw waveform data and carry out inversion in stages. At first, we discard waveform without correct instrument information. Then we carry out an initial inversion using selected waveform data to get primary results. Using the preliminary results as input, we carry out grid-search based inversion to find the final optimal source parameters. The inverted results indicate that the August 8, M7.0 Sichuan Jiuzhaigou shock resulted from rupturing on a NW-trending normal fault with majority of strike-slip movement. The parameters of two nodal planes are strike 152.7°, dip 61.4°, rake -4.8° and strike 245.0°, dip 85.8°, rake -151.3° respectively, and focal depth is 14.0km. The August 9, Xinjiang Jinghe M6.6 shock resulted from rupturing on a south-dipping thrust fault with left-lateral strike-slip. The parameters of two nodal planes are strike 100.6°, dip 27.5°, rake 114.1° and strike 259.3°, dip 65.1°, rake 78.0°, and the focal depth is 16.0km. The direction of two nodal planes is consistent with regional seismotectonic background.     

如何正确使用新的震级国家标准

震级的使用规定是新的震级国家标准《地震震级的规定》（GB17740-2017）的重要内容。为便于广大技术人员和管理人员在实际工作中更好地理解和执行该标准,本文从震级的科学应用和社会应用2个方面详细介绍震级的使用规定。     

On the descending branch of the pushover curve for multistory buildings

The paper discusses nonlinear pushover curves for multistory moment‐frame buildings. Attention is brought to the steepening effect that elastic unloading has on the slope of the descending branch of the pushover curve, with the possibility of snapback. Displacement control is shown to be effective for the entire range of pushover analysis, including the descending branch. The method is enhanced by controlling the difference in displacement of 2 floors in the vicinity of the collapse mechanism rather than, say, controlling the roof displacement. An automated drift control version is described and tested. Analysis of a 20‐story building demonstrates that variable strength of plastic hinges and inclusion of the strength and stiffness of the gravity frames in the model affect the pushover curve significantly, especially the descending branch. The concept of dynamic pushover is described, and results are compared with the static version.