新疆可支塔格蛇绿混杂岩的特征及其成因

新疆可支塔格蛇绿混杂岩位于青藏高原北缘东昆仑西段,属于木孜塔格-鲸鱼湖大断裂的西延部分。主要由辉橄岩、辉长岩、闪长岩、斜长花岗岩、辉绿岩、玄武岩及硅质岩等组成,形成时代为早石炭世。其中辉橄岩具有高Mg,贫Al,Ca,低硅、低碱的特点,富集相容元素Cr,Ni,Co。稀土总量低,接近于球粒陨石稀土元素总量,以LREE略富集为特征。闪长岩SiO2,K2O含量较低,MsO,CaO,Na2O较高,稀土总量高,∑REE为90．95×10^-6,LREE富集。斜长花岗岩SiO2 69．8％,Na2O〉K2O,K2O／Na2O为0．78,A／CNK为1．68,具有大洋斜长花岗岩的岩石化学特征。闪长岩、斜长花岗岩的微量元素特征相似,表现为大离子亲石元素K,Sr,Rb,Ba相对富集,高场强元素Nb,Ta,Zr,Hf相对亏损。研究表明,辉橄岩来源于亏损的地幔岩,接近于强烈亏损的方辉橄榄岩,而明显不同于结晶分异作用成因的超镁铁质岩石。闪长岩、斜长花岗岩为蛇绿混杂岩的浅色岩组分,是地幔岩浆结晶分异的产物,但可能受到了围岩的混染和后期热液交代影响。     

Late Cretaceous Foraminiferal Faunas from the Saiqu "mélange" in Southern Tibet

As one of the mélanges in the southern side of the Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone, the Saiqu mélange in southern Tibet is important for understanding the evolution of the Neo-Tethys ocean. The age of the Saiqu mélange, however, has been debated due to the lack of reliable fossil evidence in matrix strata. Based on lithological similarities with platform strata in southern Tibet and limited fossils from exotic blocks, previous studies variously ascribed the Saiqu mélange to be Triassic in general, Late Triassic, or Late Cretaceous. Here we reported planktonic foraminiferal faunas from the matrix strata of the Saiqu mélange. The new fossils yield a Late Cretaceous age, which is so far the best age constraint for the mélange. Regional stratigraphic correlation indicates that the Cretaceous Oceanic Red Beds (CORBs) in Saiqu may be time equivalent to the CORBs of the Zongzhuo Formation in neighboring regions. Thus the Saiqu mélange should be correlated to the Upper Cretaceous Zongzhuo Formation rather than the Triassic Xiukang Group, as previously suggested.     

古老造山带洋板块地层*

重点分析和总结了由前寒武纪增生复合体和造山带混杂岩重建的古老造山带洋板块地层,包括由英国威尔士安格尔西岛新元古代莫纳超群混杂岩重建的太平洋洋板块地层、由澳大利亚西北部皮尔巴拉早太古代克里夫维尔绿岩带重建的古印度洋洋板块地层。澳大利亚东皮尔巴拉地块大理石坝地区早太古代玄武岩-硅质岩-碎屑岩序列与日本二叠纪-三叠纪洋板块地层在岩石组成和地球化学特征方面具有高度的相似性,这一认识将为早太古代洋板块地层的沉积环境从高热流洋脊扩张区经过热点向低热流海沟陆源碎屑沉积区转变这一过程提供有力支持。从增生造山带洋板块地层保存的岩石记录看,不同年代洋板块地层的主要物质组成和岩石类型相似,因此在地球38亿年的演化进程中,洋壳扩张、海洋沉积、俯冲及增生的过程并没有显著变化;但随着时间推移,年轻造山带洋板块性质和洋板块地层组成与古老造山带相比,可能会发生一些变化。就古老造山带洋板块地层而言,前寒武纪的地幔温度略高,太古代局部熔融显著,熔融量大大超过洋壳扩张速率,因而没有形成席状岩墙群。     

大陆造山带区调填图中几个地质问题及其研究方法探讨

对我国区调填图工作历程与现状进行概述基础上,对造山带的主要特点,构造岩片的含义,构造岩片填图法的理论依据、基本工作程序及实施要点作了论述;对造山带中常见的"混杂岩"、强烈构造变形变质的层状变质岩、穹隆状变质地质体的主要特征、产出的地质构造条件及其成因机制等进行了较全面总结和分析;建议将"混杂岩"和"穹隆状变质地质体"分别划分为蛇绿混杂岩、火山混杂岩、滑积混杂岩、构造混杂岩和变质核杂岩、花岗岩底辟穹隆(岩浆核杂岩)、片麻岩穹隆、构造穹隆等类型。     

四川省芦山MS7.0地震发震构造分析

2013年4月20日的芦山“4·20”MS7.0地震发生在龙门山断裂带西南段,震中地区分布多条NE向断裂,构造较为复杂.这次地震震源机制解显示为逆冲型地震,破裂面为NE走向,与龙门山断裂带的运动性质和走向一致.地表调查只在大川-双石断裂(前山断裂)和新开店断裂(大邑断裂南段)发现局部分布的NE向地表裂缝、沿地表裂缝分布的喷砂冒水和砂土液化,不规则的边坡开裂等地表变形,以及断裂沿线较严重的滑坡崩塌和房屋破坏.野外调查没有发现明显的地震地表破裂.GPS测量结果显示,此次地震的发震断裂位于芦山县城附近或其以东,而芦山西侧的断裂也可能参与了部分活动.根据野外地质调查、GPS观测、震源机制解、震源深度、余震分布等结果综合判定,芦山7.0级地震的主要发震构造是芦山之下、大川-双石断裂和新开店断裂之间的龙门山前缘滑脱带.此滑脱带在该段的运动导致了这次地震的发生,并可能带动了它上面的大川-双石和新开店等断裂的活动.     

青海哈秀地区混杂岩主要特征及成因研究

目前有关蛇绿岩的定义、分类和成因等问题仍存在很大的争议,西金乌兰-金沙江缝合带作为青藏高原北部羌塘地区一条重要的板块碰撞带,在此缝合带西段已发现多处蛇绿混杂岩分布,哈秀地区亦位于缝合带的西段,但在哈秀地区是否存在蛇绿混杂岩,研究者存在不同认识。在前人研究成果和野外调查的基础上,对哈秀地区的混杂岩从岩石学、古生物学、地球化学特征及同位素年代学等方面进行了总结,分析认为哈秀地区无明显蛇绿混杂岩的特征,而是具有岛弧型火山岩的特征,其形成于晚二叠世大陆边缘裂谷环境中板块俯冲的产物,野外调查也未发现连续的成生地层剖面,因此哈秀地区应为构造混杂岩带。     

Modeling contaminant transport in homogeneous porous media with fractional advection-dispersion equation

The newly developed Fractional Advection-Dispersion Equation (FADE), which is FADE was extended and used in this paper for modelling adsorbing contaminant transport by adding an adsorbing term. A parameter estimation method and its corresponding FORTRAN based program named FADEMain were developed on the basis of Nonlinear Least Square Algorithm and the analytical solution for one-dimensional FADE under the conditions of step input and steady state flow. Data sets of adsorbing contaminants Cd and NH4+-N transport in short homogeneous soil columns and conservative solute NaCI transport in a long homogeneous soil column, respectively were used to estimate the transport parameters both by FADEMain and the advection-dispersion equation (ADE) based program CXTFIT2.1. Results indicated that the concentration simulated by FADE agreed well with the measured data. Compared to the ADE model, FADE can provide better simulation for the concentration in the initial lower concentration part and the late higher concentration part of the breakthrough curves for both adsorbing contaminants. The dispersion coefficients for ADE were from 0.13 to 7.06 cm2/min, while the dispersion coefficients for FADE ranged from 0.119 to 3.05 cm1.856/min for NaCI transport in the long homogeneous soil column. We found that the dispersion coefficient of FADE increased with the transport distance, and the relationship between them can be quantified with an exponential function. Less scale-dependent was also found for the dispersion coefficient of FADE with respect to ADE.     

Geochronology, Geochemistry and Tectonic Setting of the Bairiqiete Granodiorite Intrusion (Rock Mass) from the Buqingshan Tectonic Mélange Belt in the Southern Margin of East Kunlun

This study focuses on the zircon U–Pb geochronology and geochemistry of the Bairiqiete granodiorite intrusion(rock mass) from the Buqingshan tectonic mélange belt in the southern margin of East Kunlun. The results show that the zircons are characterized by internal oscillatory zoning and high Th/U(0.14–0.80), indicative of an igneous origin. LA–ICP–MS U–Pb dating of zircons from the Bairiqiete granodiorite yielded an age of 439.0 ± 1.9 Ma(MSWD = 0.34), implying that the Bairiqiete granodiorite formed in the early Silurian. Geochemical analyses show that the rocks are medium-K calc-alkaline, relatively high in Al2O3(14.57–18.34 wt%) and metaluminous to weakly peraluminous. Rare-earth elements have low concentrations(45.49–168.31 ppm) and incline rightward with weak negative to weak positive Eu anomalies(δEu = 0.64–1.34). Trace-element geochemistry is characterized by negative anomalies of Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf and Ti and positive anomalies of Rb, Th and Ba. Moreover, the rocks have similar geochemical features with adakites. The Bairiqiete granodiorite appears to have a continental crust source and formed in a subduction-related island-arc setting. The Bairiqiete granodiorite was formed due to partial melting of the lower crust and suggests subduction in the Buqingshan area of the Proto-Tethys Ocean.     

The Petrology, Geochemistry, and Petrogenesis of E-MORB-type Mafic Rocks from the Guomangco Ophiolitic Mélange, Tibet

The Guomangco ophiolitic melange is situated in the middle part of the Shiquanhe- Yongzhu-Jiali ophiolitic melange belt （SYJMB） and possesses all the subunits of a typical Penrose- type ophiolite pseudostratigraphy. The study of the Guomangco ophiolitic melange is very important for investigating the tectonic evolution of the SYJMB. The mafic rocks of this ophiolitic melange mainly include diabases, sillite dikes, and basalts. Geochemical analysis shows that these dikes mostly have E-MORB major and trace element signatures; this is the first time that this has been observed in the SYJMB. The basalts have N-MORB and IAB affinities, and the mineral chemistry of harzburgites shows a composition similar to that of SSZ peridotites, indicating that the Guomangco ophiolitic melange probably originated in a back-arc basin. The Guomangco back-arc basin opened in the Middle Jurassic, which was caused by southward subduction of the Neo-Tethys Ocean in central Tibet. The main spreading of this back-arc basin occurred during the Late Jurassic, and the basalts were formed during this time. With the development of the back-arc basin, the subducted slab gradually retreated, and new mantle convection occurred in the mantle wedge. The recycling may have caused the metasomatized mantle to undergo a high degree of partial melting and to generate E- MORBs in the Early Cretaceous. E-MORB-type dikes probably crystallized from melts produced by about 20%-30% partial melting of a spinel mantle source, which was metasomatized by melts from low-degree partial melting of the subducted slab.     

甘肃大型变形构造及蛇绿构造混杂岩带特征

大型变形构造带是地球表层重要的构造现象,它们记载了地壳的构造变形（走滑错移、逆冲叠覆和伸展滑移）过程及其动力学机制。本文根据大型变形构造定义及其分类原则,将甘肃省大型变形构造划分为3大类10种类型,初步厘定出大型变形构造带23个,简要叙述了主要大型变形构造规模、产状、构造层次、物质组成、变形期次等基本特征,探讨了大型变形构造与蛇绿构造混杂岩带的关系,从全省北山造山带、祁连造山带、西秦岭造山带和鄂尔多斯盆地“三带一盆”的构造格局出发,探讨大型变形构造形成、演化历史。