FLAC3D在隧道初期支护与原岩条件的"耦合"问题的应用

为了更深入地了解施工过程联拱隧道围岩一支护结构体系的力学响应,并优化施工工序,以便在实际施工中根据具体情况和经济、技术水平调整施工步骤,对联拱隧道支护设计进行了三维模型分析。用FLAC^3D对双联拱隧道网喷混凝土初期支护设计,进行了力学响应动态分析模拟,分析了岩体支护前后围岩的变形及应力状态,对隧道围岩的稳定性和初期支护结构的安全性做出综合评判,得出了一些非常有益的结论,用以指导襄十高速公路双联拱隧道的施工,取得了较好的经济效益。     

固结试验的数学描述

固结试验的一般数学描述是建立在主次固结人为的分开的基础上的.而本文根据固结试验所得到的沉降与时间关系曲线的特点,建立了一个简单实用且连续的函数来描述固结试验,并分析了该模型的特点.历时18个月的香港软土固结试验,验证了该方法的正确性,并对模型的参数进行了讨论.     

有机配合物前驱体法合成纳米氧化镁研究及此法的应用前景

综述了利用我国盐湖镁资源,以乙酰丙酮及其衍生物、有机胺和醋酸根为配位剂,采用有机配合物为前驱体合成纳米氧化镁的方法,前驱体形成的机理以及特点和优势。通过介绍此合成法在合成纳米金属粉体、其它金属氧化物粉体、无机盐粉体、氧化物薄膜或复合氧化物薄膜以及特殊结构化合物等方面广泛应用的实例,并预测了该法在合成其它高值化镁产品中的应用前景。     

Carbon dioxide exchange and the mechanism of environmental control in a farmland ecosystem in North China Plain

CO2 flux was measured continuously in a wheat and maize rotation system of North China Plain using the eddy covariance technique to study the characteristic of CO2 exchange and its response to key environmental factors. The results show that nighttime net ecosystem exchange (NEE) varied exponentially with soil temperature. The temperature sensitivities of the ecosystem (Q10) were 2.94 and 2.49 in years 2002-2003 and 2003-2004, respectively. The response of gross primary productivity (GPP) to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in the crop field can be expressed by a rectangular hyperbolic function. Average Amax andαfor maize were more than those for wheat. The values ofαincreased positively with leaf area index (LAI) of wheat. Diurnal variations of NEE were significant from March to May and from July to September, but not remarkable in other months. NEE, GPP and ecosystem respiration (Rec) showed significantly seasonal variations in the crop field. The highest mean daily CO2 uptake rate was -10.20 and -12.50 gC·m-2·d-1 in 2003 and 2004, for the maize field, respectively, and -8.19 and -9.50 gC·m-2·d-1 in 2003 and 2004 for the wheat field, respectively. The maximal CO2 uptake appeared in April or May for wheat and mid-August for maize. During the main growing seasons of winter wheat and summer maize, NEE was controlled by GPP which was chiefly influenced by PAR and LAI. Rec reached its annual maximum in July when Rec and GPP contributed to NEE equally. NEE was dominated by Rec in other months and temperature became a key factor controlling NEE. Total NEE for the wheat field was -77.6 and -152.2 gC·m-2·a-1 in years 2002-2003 and 2003-2004, respectively, and -120.1 and -165.6 gC·m-2·a-1 in 2003 and 2004 for the maize field, respectively. The cropland of North China Plain was a carbon sink, with annual -197.6 and -317.9 gC·m-2·a-1 in years 2002-2003 and 2003-2004, respectively. After considering the carbon in grains, the cropland became a carbon source, which was 340.5 and 107.5 gC·m-2·a-1 in years 2002-2003 and 2003-2004, respectively. Affected by climate and filed managements, inter-annual carbon exchange varied largely in the wheat and maize rotation system of North China Plain.     

Middle Miocene to Quaternary primary basalt and high magnesian andesite magmas of North Hokkaido, Japan: Source mantle characteristics and degrees of partial melting

Abstract   Middle Miocene to Quaternary primitive basalts and high magnesian andesite (HMA) in North Hokkaido resulted from three periods of intense volcanism; early-stage (12–10 Ma), middle-stage (9–7 Ma) and late-stage (3–0 Ma). Based on the chemical compositions of olivines and chromian spinels and bulk chemistry of the primitive rocks, we examined depths of segregation of the calculated primary magmas and the degrees of partial melting of the source mantle. In the context of asthenospheric mantle upwelling, petrological data from the present study can be accounted for by the secular change in the depth of magma segregation from the upwelled asthenospheric mantle, which is composed of fertile peridotite. Thus, the early-stage primary magmas were generated by higher degrees of partial melting of the shallower part of hot asthenospheric mantle, whereas the middle- and late-stage primary magmas resulted from lower degrees of partial melting of a deeper part of the asthenospheric mantle. The early-stage HMA magma was generated by partial melting of the remnant subcontinental lithospheric mantle composed of refractory peridotite. This melting might have resulted from an increased geothermal gradient caused by upwelling of hot asthenosphere.     

激发极化法在呼市草原水源勘探中的应用

在呼市草原古隆起带，第四系地层沉积较薄，地下1-5m即为安山岩，玄武岩和火山碎屑岩，找水有一定难度。为得到可靠的电性参数，减小测量误差，府保证一次电位差不于小300mV，并采用无极差电极作测量电极，以增大Ip测量信号。在总结该区宴测资料的基础上，绘制出不同富水程度的地电响应特征。     

Geochemical significance of hydrocarbons desorbed from asphaltenes

Saturate hydrocarbon fractions desorbed (cleaned) from asphaltenes extracted and separated from two core samples (a tar sand and a reservoir sandstone sample) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results indicated thatn-alkanes adsorbed in asphaltenes were kept quite well during and after severe biodegradation over 360 Ma. Hydrocarbon desorption could be an alternative method of, or even better than the pyrolysis of asphaltenes to reconstruct the hydrocarbon fingerprints of primary oils and extend the understanding of the origins of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Project supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Research Center of Tarim Petroleum Exploration and Development.     

乐陵金丝小枣区土壤原生矿物组成及其生态效应

乐陵金丝小枣区土壤原生矿物组成中,重矿物以角闪石-不透明矿物-帘石-辉石为主,其中不稳定矿物成分含量很高,与黄河中游地区黄土矿物组成十分相似,反映枣区土壤原生矿物与黄土有关。研究结果表明具有黄土特征的土壤是较好的矿质养分库,不同枣区沉积物的原生矿物组成和风化程度导致土壤养分有效性差异,这种差异同枣叶和鲜枣所含养分紧密相关。因此,在某种程度上可以说,枣区土壤原生矿物化学组成特征可以作为探寻枣树适宜区域的一种标志。     

镁质粘土在碱性耐火材料工业应用的初步探索

本研究项目的主要步骤是把镁质粘土和橄榄岩或焦油镁砂砖废料在箱式电炉里进行烧结试验（温度１２００～１２５０℃）。同时测定了原料、烧结样品和５种产品的物理性质和矿物组分。结果表明,产品里的矿物多是富镁的高熔点矿物,包括继承性的或新生的镁橄榄石和方镁石,少量钙镁橄榄石、镁黄长石以及痕量硅酸二钙。２号产品含较多的斜顽辉石,由滑石或海泡石转化而成,它的熔点较低。试验表明,妥善选择原料和配方是走向成功的第一步,而瘠性和塑性材料相配合,则是传统经验的重现。在这种场合,镁质粘土作为结合粘土,起了很大作用。利用氧气煤气火焰快速测定熔点也是有意义的尝试。     

海洋初级生产力遥感与GIS评估模型研究

本文探讨了利用遥感和地理信息系统技术获取海洋初级生产力的基本原理和方法。根据表层海水叶绿素遥感信息反演模型。介绍了三种基于表层海水中叶绿素浓度的海洋初级生产力算法。根据这三种算法,利用ＧＩＳ建模技术,推导了具有空间特征的海洋初级生产力的ＧＩＳ理论估算模型,以及这种模型的求解方法。